CN107368732B - A kind of object recognition and detection system and method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature - Google Patents
A kind of object recognition and detection system and method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature Download PDFInfo
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- CN107368732B CN107368732B CN201710573187.8A CN201710573187A CN107368732B CN 107368732 B CN107368732 B CN 107368732B CN 201710573187 A CN201710573187 A CN 201710573187A CN 107368732 B CN107368732 B CN 107368732B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
- G06F21/44—Program or device authentication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
Abstract
Disclosure of the invention a kind of object recognition and detection system and method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, system include antenna array unit, radio frequency front-end unit, physical layer fingerprint processing unit, device-fingerprint library unit and positioning unit.Its method comprises the steps that radio frequency front-end unit carries out signal scanning to certain frequency range；When scanning is to when having signal in required identification frequency range, signal is pre-processed, and to signal extraction its physical layer fingerprint characteristic for needing to identify；The physical layer fingerprint characteristic that will acquire carries out identification and is compared with physical layer fingerprint characteristic stored in system library, judge whether existing physical layer fingerprint characteristic and to be differentiated to the identity of equipment in system library；Positioning unit docking is estimated by the incident angle of signal and the distance of signal source.System and method proposed by the present invention can realize the identification to simple target source identity by the physical layer fingerprint characteristic of equipment, suitable for the relevant technologies based on safety of physical layer.
Description
Technical field
This application involves information security field more particularly to a kind of object recognition and detections based on equipment physical fingerprint feature
System and method.
Background technique
Traditional identification for electromagnetic radiation source is mainly carried out by statistical method, such as the frequency of statistics echo signal
Rate, bandwidth, modulation system etc..The electromagnetic radiation source identification method be directed to different modulating mode under wireless signal can obtain compared with
Good recognition effect.However it is then difficult to accurately distinguish the difference of each individual for the different emission sources of identical modulation system.
And the physical features of equipment can be inevitably introduced when electromagnetic radiation source transmitting signal.The physical features " refer to just like equipment
Line " feature has uniqueness and is difficult to the characteristic cloned, and this feature is also referred to as radio-frequency fingerprint feature or physical layer fingerprint
Feature.With going deep into for physical layer fingerprint relation technological researching, physical layer fingerprint characteristic is generally considered wireless device only
One feature, so as to be used for the identification and certification of electromagnetic radiation source.Specifically, relative to traditional electromagnetism
Radar recognition, the identification based on physical layer fingerprint characteristic can be distinguished accurately even if using identical frequency, bandwidth, modulation
The wireless device of mode has extraordinary practical value.Therefore, Verification System based on physical layer fingerprint characteristic can be
Physical signal level authenticates one's own side's wireless device of access.Compared to traditional equipment identities authentication method, physical layer
Fingerprint technique can effectively resist forgery, the attack such as distort, with the unclonable characteristic of physics.
In addition, in many scenes, for known or unknown wireless device, after obtaining its physical layer fingerprint characteristic,
It not only needs to identify its specific equipment identities, it is also necessary to estimate its rough orientation.Therefore, it is necessary to one kind
The system and method that comprehensive realization can be identified and positioned wireless device.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: it is of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, by obtaining the physical fingerprint feature of equipment, to difference
Wireless device accurately identified and positioned, the present invention provides a kind of object recognition and detection based on equipment physical fingerprint feature
System.
It is another object of the present invention to and a kind of object recognition and detection method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature is provided.
Technical solution: a kind of target identification and positioning system based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, including antenna array list
Member, radio frequency front-end unit, physical layer fingerprint processing unit, device-fingerprint library unit and positioning unit；The antenna array list
Member includes antenna, and the radio frequency front-end unit includes antenna port, and the antenna is installed by low-noise amplifier and frequency mixer
On antenna port；Physical layer fingerprint processing unit for receiving radio frequency front end unit scan to signal, obtain from signal
Physical layer fingerprint characteristic is simultaneously classified and is identified；The physical layer fingerprint of known wireless device is stored in device-fingerprint library unit
Feature, and for storing unknown wireless device physical layer fingerprint characteristic；Positioning unit is for the acquisition of receiving radio frequency front end unit
Signal and the incident angle and distance for estimating signal source.
Further, the antenna array unit includes individual antenna, and radio frequency front-end unit includes individual antenna port.
Further, the antenna array unit includes mutiple antennas, and radio frequency front-end unit includes mutiple antennas port；
The multiple antenna is spaced substantially equidistant according to straight line or is carried out according to the position on each vertex of three-dimensional polygon
Arrangement.
Further, it is adjusted according to distance of the frequency of the frequency mixer to different antennae in aerial array, antenna
Distance be mixer frequency corresponding to electromagnetic wavelength 1/2 or wavelength 1/2 integral multiple.
Further, the physical layer fingerprint processing unit includes baseband signal preprocessing module, transient state physical layer fingerprint
Extraction module, stable state physical layer fingerprint extraction module, frequency spectrum physical layer fingerprint extraction template, physical layer fingerprint characteristic classifier；
The baseband signal preprocessing module, which is used to dock, receives that signal energy estimation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation, signal interference ratio is estimated, bandwidth is estimated
Meter, Carrier frequency offset estimation, the estimation of digital modulation mode, the estimation of symbol chip rate and docking are received signal energy and are returned
One changes；Transient state physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used for digital modulation mode and chip rate according to the reception signal estimated,
The difference constellation trajectory diagram for receiving signal is drawn, and according to the different modulating mode estimated, extracts corresponding difference constellation track
The feature of figure；Stable state physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used to receive signal standard according to the acquisition of the signal structure of wireless signal emission source
True carrier frequency shift obtains the distortion degree of constellation trajectory diagram on constellation trajectory diagram and receives the offset of signal I/Q two-way；
Frequency spectrum physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used to receive according to related wireless signal emission source in frequency domain extraction the spectrum signature of signal；
Physical layer fingerprint characteristic classifier is for classifying to the physical fingerprint feature of acquisition.
Further, the positioning unit includes signal characteristic abstraction module, the angle estimation mould based on multi-antenna array
Block and the distance estimations module that signal energy is received based on multiple antennas, the signal characteristic abstraction module is for extracting baseband signal
The pretreated signal of preprocessing module, the angle estimation module based on multi-antenna array according to multi-antenna array for estimating
The incident angle for counting signal source, the distance estimations module for receiving signal energy based on multiple antennas are used for according to the energy for receiving signal
Estimate the distance of signal source.
A kind of target identification and localization method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, comprising the following steps:
Step A: one section of frequency range for needing to identify of setting, target identification and positioning system based on equipment physical fingerprint feature
Radio frequency front-end unit to the frequency range carry out signal scanning；
Step B: when having signal in scanning to the frequency range, radio frequency front-end unit will need the signal identified to be transmitted to object
Layer fingerprint processing unit is managed, the signal that physical layer fingerprint processing unit identifies needs pre-processes；
Step C: physical layer fingerprint processing unit extracts physical layer fingerprint characteristic, physics from the signal for needing to identify
Layer fingerprint characteristic includes transient state physical layer fingerprint characteristic, stable state physical layer fingerprint characteristic and frequency spectrum physical layer fingerprint characteristic；
Step D: the physical layer fingerprint characteristic of known wireless device is stored to device-fingerprint library unit, and wireless to these
Equipment setting blacklist and white list, the physical layer fingerprint characteristic that system will acquire are identified, and judge the physical layer obtained
Whether fingerprint characteristic belongs to existing physical layer fingerprint characteristic in device-fingerprint library unit；
Step E: if the physical layer fingerprint characteristic obtained is existing physical layer fingerprint characteristic in device-fingerprint library unit,
System differentiates the legitimacy of equipment according to the blacklist and white list；If the physical layer fingerprint characteristic obtained is not
It is existing physical layer fingerprint characteristic in device-fingerprint library unit, the physical layer fingerprint characteristic of the acquisition is stored into and sets by system
In standby fingerprint library unit, which is classified as unknown equipment and it is numbered；
Step F: the signal that positioning unit positions required for being filtered out in the signal of broadband reception by digital filter is simultaneously
The incident angle of signal is estimated by multi-antenna array；By the prior information of positioning signal, the prior information includes hair
Machine power is penetrated, the rough distance of signal source is estimated by the energy of incoming signal.
Further, the pretreatment in step B include the signal that identifies of needs is carried out energy estimation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation,
Signal interference ratio estimation, bandwidth estimation, Carrier frequency offset estimation, the estimation of digital modulation mode, the estimation of symbol chip rate with
And signal energy is normalized.
Further, in step C, the number for the reception signal that transient state physical layer fingerprint extraction module is obtained according to pretreatment
Modulation system and chip rate draw the difference constellation trajectory diagram for receiving signal, and according to the different modulating mode estimated, mention
Take the feature of corresponding difference constellation trajectory diagram；Stable state physical layer fingerprint extraction module is according to the signal structure of wireless signal emission source
Acquisition receives the accurate carrier frequency shift of signal, and the distortion degree of constellation trajectory diagram is obtained on constellation trajectory diagram and receives letter
The offset of number I/Q two-way；Frequency spectrum physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used to be received according to related wireless signal emission source in frequency domain extraction
The spectrum signature of signal.
The utility model has the advantages that a kind of object recognition and detection system and side based on equipment physical fingerprint feature provided by the invention
Method can record its radio-frequency fingerprint spy by the physical fingerprint feature of acquisition equipment, after identifying to different wireless devices
It levies and authenticates and authorizes.The different radio equipment in wireless electromagnetic environment can also be known by the system and method
Not, distinguishing authentication and the wireless device of non-authentication and different wireless devices is positioned.It may be implemented to known and unknown
Wireless signal carry out the extraction and identification of physical layer fingerprint, and can by received signal to the emission source of wireless signal into
Row positioning, so as to realize the control to wireless signal transmission equipment.It compares and is identified in the prior art by statistical method
Electromagnetic radiation source, the present invention can also accurately distinguish the difference of each individual for the different emission sources of identical modulation system；
The identification to simple target source identity is realized by the physical layer fingerprint characteristic of equipment, suitable for the correlation based on safety of physical layer
Technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the system pie graph of the identification positioning system based on equipment physical fingerprint feature；
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the recognition positioning method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature；
Fig. 3 is the pretreatment process figure of the recognition positioning method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature；
Fig. 4 is the physical layer Finger print characteristic abstract flow chart of the recognition positioning method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature；
Fig. 5 is the physical layer based on physical layer fingerprint characteristic library of the recognition positioning method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature
Fingerprint characteristic identification process figure；
Fig. 6 is the positioning flow figure of the recognition positioning method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples.
The structure of the target identification and positioning system based on equipment physical fingerprint feature of the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, packet
Antenna array unit is included, radio frequency front-end unit, physical layer fingerprint processing unit, device-fingerprint library unit and positioning unit are constituted.
Wherein, the antenna of antenna array unit is mounted on the antenna port of radio frequency front-end unit.The result of radio frequency front-end unit processing
It is sent into physical layer fingerprint processing unit.The result that physical layer fingerprint processing unit has been handled is sent into device-fingerprint library unit.In addition,
The signal that processing is completed can also be sent into positioning unit and handled by radio frequency front-end unit.
The process flow diagram of target identification and localization method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature is as shown in Figure 2.Specifically
System flow is as follows: system carries out spectrum scan first, obtains the wireless signal information of different frequent points.When detecting monitoring frequency point
When having wireless signal, the signal for needing to identify is judged whether it is.If not signal to be identified, then continue spectrum scan.
If it find that being signal to be identified, then the data that antenna array unit acquires are pre-processed, obtains signal statistics feature.In advance
Data that treated will be fed into physical layer Finger print characteristic abstract module, extract transient state physical layer fingerprint, stable state physical layer fingerprint and
Frequency spectrum physical layer fingerprint.It, will be by the physical layer fingerprint characteristic of acquisition by being compared with the feature in physical layer fingerprint base
Row identification and classification, and the physical layer fingerprint newly obtained is stored in physical layer fingerprint base.In addition, multi-antenna array is received more
Road signal can estimate signal incident angle after pretreatment.In conjunction with physical layer fingerprint characteristic recognition result and enter
Firing angle estimation as a result, the estimation of the wireless target position of reality that may finally be rough.
In the following, pretreatment process will be directed to respectively, physical layer Finger print characteristic abstract process is based on physical layer fingerprint characteristic library
Physical layer fingerprint characteristic identification process and positioning flow be described in detail.
Preprocess method is as follows:
The pretreatment process of target identification and localization method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature is as shown in Figure 3.Receiving end
Radio frequency baseband signal is received, estimates the frequency point and bandwidth of questionable signal.By estimation as a result, calculating the carrier frequency of questionable signal
Rate deviation.In addition, calculating low-pass filter parameter by the bandwidth of estimation.The radio frequency baseband signal base that processing module will acquire
Digital frequency conversion is carried out in the carrier frequency offset of calculating, then the low-pass filter parameter based on calculating carries out the signal after frequency conversion
Digital filtering.Finally, to treated, signal carries out signal energy and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation, modulation methods by after sampling rate conversion
Formula estimation and symbol rate estimation.
Physical layer method for extracting fingerprint feature is as follows:
Physical layer Finger print characteristic abstract process such as Fig. 4 of target identification and localization method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature
It is shown.Signal after pretreatment, enters physical layer fingerprint processing unit.The extraction process of physical layer fingerprint characteristic is as follows: to
The signal of identification first passes around energy normalized processing, obtains the signal that average energy is 1.System is based on believing in pretreatment process
Number symbol rate estimation as a result, carrying out the estimation of transient state physical layer fingerprint characteristic.System again based on Modulation Mode Recognition as a result,
Carry out the estimation of stable state physical layer fingerprint characteristic.Signal after energy normalized directly can also be carried out frequency spectrum physical layer and referred to by system
Line feature assessment.Finally, system is based on the estimation of transient state physical layer fingerprint characteristic, the estimation of stable state physical layer fingerprint characteristic and frequency spectrum
The result of physical layer fingerprint characteristic estimation obtains comprehensive signal physical layer fingerprint to be identified.
Transient state physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used for the digital modulation mode and symbol speed of the reception signal according to estimating
Rate draws the difference constellation trajectory diagram for receiving signal, and according to the different modulating mode estimated, extracts corresponding difference constellation rail
The feature of mark figure；Stable state physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used to receive signal according to the acquisition of the signal structure of wireless signal emission source
Accurate carrier frequency shift obtains the distortion degree of constellation trajectory diagram on constellation trajectory diagram and to receive signal I/Q two-way inclined
It moves；The frequency spectrum that frequency spectrum physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used to receive signal in frequency domain extraction according to related wireless signal emission source is special
Sign；Physical layer fingerprint characteristic classifier is for classifying to the physical fingerprint feature of acquisition.
Physical layer fingerprint characteristic recognition methods based on physical layer fingerprint characteristic library is as follows:
The physics based on physical layer fingerprint characteristic library of target identification and localization method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature
Layer fingerprint characteristic identification process is as shown in Figure 5.Physical layer fingerprint characteristic of the system based on acquisition carries out physical layer fingerprint recognition.
By the physical layer fingerprint characteristic stored in physical layer of device fingerprint base in extraction system, by the physical layer fingerprint of identification into
Row compares.If compared correctly, the result of legitimate device is returned.If comparison is incorrect, judges whether it is and newly detect
Equipment.Equipment if not newly detecting then returns to the result of suspect device.Equipment if it is newly detecting then will
In the physical layer of device fingerprint base of the physical layer fingerprint deposit system of equipment, and return to the result of suspect device.
Localization method is as follows:
The positioning flow of target identification and localization method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature is as shown in Figure 6.Based on more days
The signal of linear array exports, and system can position received signal.System first is based on obtaining in pretreatment process
Base band multi channel signals are carried out digital frequency conversion and digital filtering by the frequency range and low-pass filter of signal to be identified.It is needed
After the multiple signals to be identified, energy estimation and angle estimation are carried out to signal.Finally obtain signal incident direction and substantially away from
From result.
The positioning unit includes signal characteristic abstraction module, the angle estimation module based on multi-antenna array and is based on more
Antenna receives the distance estimations module of signal energy, and the signal characteristic abstraction module is for extracting baseband signal preprocessing module
Pretreated signal, the angle estimation module based on multi-antenna array are used to estimate signal source according to multi-antenna array
Incident angle is used to estimate signal source according to the energy for receiving signal based on the distance estimations module that multiple antennas receives signal energy
Distance.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of target identification and positioning system based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, which is characterized in that including antenna array list
Member, radio frequency front-end unit, physical layer fingerprint processing unit, device-fingerprint library unit and positioning unit；The antenna array list
Member includes antenna, and the radio frequency front-end unit includes antenna port, and the antenna is installed by low-noise amplifier and frequency mixer
On antenna port；Physical layer fingerprint processing unit for receiving radio frequency front end unit scan to signal, obtain from signal
Physical layer fingerprint characteristic is simultaneously classified and is identified；The physical layer fingerprint of known wireless device is stored in device-fingerprint library unit
Feature, and for storing unknown wireless device physical layer fingerprint characteristic；Positioning unit is for the acquisition of receiving radio frequency front end unit
Signal and the incident angle and distance for estimating signal source；The physical layer fingerprint processing unit includes baseband signal pretreatment mould
Block, transient state physical layer fingerprint extraction module, stable state physical layer fingerprint extraction module, frequency spectrum physical layer fingerprint extraction template, physics
Layer fingerprint characteristic classifier；The baseband signal preprocessing module is for docking receipts signal energy estimation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation, believing and do
Compared estimate, the estimation of bandwidth, Carrier frequency offset estimation, the estimation of digital modulation mode, the estimation of symbol chip rate and
To reception signal energy normalized；Transient state physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used for the digital modulation according to the reception signal estimated
Mode and chip rate draw the difference constellation trajectory diagram for receiving signal, and according to the different modulating mode estimated, extract phase
Answer the feature of difference constellation trajectory diagram；Stable state physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used for the signal structure according to wireless signal emission source
Acquisition receives the accurate carrier frequency shift of signal, and the distortion degree of constellation trajectory diagram is obtained on constellation trajectory diagram and receives letter
The offset of number I/Q two-way；Frequency spectrum physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used to be received according to related wireless signal emission source in frequency domain extraction
The spectrum signature of signal；Physical layer fingerprint characteristic classifier is for classifying to the physical fingerprint feature of acquisition.
2. the target identification and positioning system according to claim 1 based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, which is characterized in that
The antenna array unit includes individual antenna, and radio frequency front-end unit includes individual antenna port.
3. the target identification and positioning system according to claim 1 based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, which is characterized in that
The antenna array unit includes mutiple antennas, and radio frequency front-end unit includes mutiple antennas port；The multiple antenna according to
Straight line is spaced substantially equidistant or is arranged according to the position on each vertex of three-dimensional polygon.
4. the target identification and positioning system according to claim 3 based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, which is characterized in that
It is adjusted according to distance of the frequency of the frequency mixer to different antennae in aerial array, the distance of antenna is mixer frequency
The integral multiple of 1/2 or the wavelength 1/2 of corresponding electromagnetic wavelength.
5. the target identification and positioning system according to claim 1 based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, which is characterized in that
The positioning unit is included signal characteristic abstraction module, the angle estimation module based on multi-antenna array and is received based on multiple antennas
The distance estimations module of signal energy, after the signal characteristic abstraction module is for extracting the pretreatment of baseband signal preprocessing module
Signal, the angle estimation module based on multi-antenna array be used for according to multi-antenna array estimate signal source incidence angle
Degree, based on multiple antennas receive signal energy distance estimations module be used for according to receive signal energy estimate signal source away from
From.
6. a kind of target identification and localization method based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, which comprises the following steps:
Step A: one section of frequency range for needing to identify of setting, target identification and positioning system based on equipment physical fingerprint feature are penetrated
Frequency front end unit carries out signal scanning to the frequency range；
Step B: when having signal in scanning to the frequency range, radio frequency front-end unit will need the signal identified to be transmitted to physical layer
Fingerprint processing unit, the signal that physical layer fingerprint processing unit identifies needs pre-process；
Step C: physical layer fingerprint processing unit extracts physical layer fingerprint characteristic, physical layer from the signal for needing to identify refer to
Line feature includes transient state physical layer fingerprint characteristic, stable state physical layer fingerprint characteristic and frequency spectrum physical layer fingerprint characteristic；
Step D: the physical layer fingerprint characteristic of known wireless device is stored to device-fingerprint library unit, and to these wireless devices
Setting blacklist and white list, the physical layer fingerprint characteristic that system will acquire are identified, and judge the physical layer fingerprint obtained
Whether feature belongs to existing physical layer fingerprint characteristic in device-fingerprint library unit；
Step E: if the physical layer fingerprint characteristic obtained is existing physical layer fingerprint characteristic, system in device-fingerprint library unit
According to the blacklist and white list, the legitimacy of equipment is differentiated；If the physical layer fingerprint characteristic obtained is not set
The physical layer fingerprint characteristic of the acquisition is stored into equipment and referred to by existing physical layer fingerprint characteristic in standby fingerprint library unit, system
In line library unit, which is classified as unknown equipment and it is numbered；
Step F: the signal of positioning required for positioning unit is filtered out in the signal of broadband reception by digital filter simultaneously passes through
Multi-antenna array estimates the incident angle of signal；By the prior information of positioning signal, the prior information includes transmitter
Power estimates the rough distance of signal source by the energy of incoming signal.
7. the target identification and localization method according to claim 6 based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, which is characterized in that
Pretreatment in step B includes the signal progress energy estimation identified to needs, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation, signal interference ratio is estimated, bandwidth is estimated
Meter, Carrier frequency offset estimation, the estimation of digital modulation mode, the estimation of symbol chip rate and to signal energy normalizing
Change.
8. the target identification and localization method according to claim 7 based on equipment physical fingerprint feature, which is characterized in that
In step C, the digital modulation mode and symbol speed of the reception signal that transient state physical layer fingerprint extraction module is obtained according to pretreatment
Rate draws the difference constellation trajectory diagram for receiving signal, and according to the different modulating mode estimated, extracts corresponding difference constellation rail
The feature of mark figure；To receive signal accurate according to the acquisition of the signal structure of wireless signal emission source for stable state physical layer fingerprint extraction module
Carrier frequency shift, on constellation trajectory diagram obtain constellation trajectory diagram distortion degree and receive signal I/Q two-way offset；Frequently
Spectrum physical layer fingerprint extraction module is used to receive according to related wireless signal emission source in frequency domain extraction the spectrum signature of signal.
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