CN107368642A - The multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing - Google Patents
The multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing, this method comprises the following steps：S1, establish metal increasing material manufacturing process data model；S2, on a microscopic scale, first-principles calculations are carried out by first-principles calculations software, obtain the microphysics property for increasing material metal material；S3, the N × N × N super cell's model for increasing material metal material is established, carrying out Molecular Dynamics by Molecular Dynamics software calculates；S4, on meso-scale, caused plasma during electron beam or laser heating fusion of metal powder is studied；S5, simulation calculation is carried out using thermosetting magnetic multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform is flowed；S6, the technological parameter feedback control model for different defect kinds and distribution situation is established, optimizes metal increasing material manufacturing technological parameter.The present invention forms grand microcosmic integrated metal increasing material manufacturing product quality forecast system by the means of multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material increasing field, more particularly to a kind of multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling of metal increasing material manufacturing
Emulation mode.
Background technology
Metal increases material manufacturing technology be it is a kind of successively increase material and form the manufacture method of 3 D complex constitutional detail, have
Body is divided into synchronous powder feeding system（Wire feed）Laser（Electron beam, electric arc etc.）Cladding forming technology and laser（Electron beam）The powder of selective melting
The last major class of bed forming technique two.From nineteen ninety-five, office is studied to the technology by advanced project administration of U.S. Department of Defense and naval
A series of researchs are carried out, plan makes it realize engineering in several years.However, it is limited to laser stability, control at that time
The key technical problems such as systems technology level, metal increases material manufacturing technology fail to realize industrial applications always.Recently, with moral
The it is proposed of the industrial development strategy concepts such as state's industry 4.0, US Manufacturing Industry Innovation Networks, made in China 2025, metal increase material system
Make technology and enter high-speed development period.
Metal increases material manufacturing technology is expected to solve the high-end technical field such as Aeronautics and Astronautics to titanium alloy, nickel-base alloy, high-strength
The lightweight of the large-scale key member of the metal materials such as aluminium alloy, special alloy steel, efficient and high reliability demand.Currently, metal
Increasing material manufacturing is in manufacturing environment and microstructure controllability, defect is formed and evolution mechanism, residual stress control and strain cracking
Prevention, fatigue life, Technical Standard System etc. run into technical bottleneck, cause the application field of metal increasing material manufacturing to be limited.
The research of the Fundamentals of Material Science problem such as metal increasing material manufacturing process " Material Physics is metallurgical " and " materials thermophysics ",
It is to solve " Thermal Stress Control and strain cracking prevention " and component " internal matter during high-performance large-scale hardware increasing material manufacturing
The important means of the bottlenecks such as amount and mechanical property control ".In terms of metal increasing material manufacturing material foundation problem experimental study, the U.S.,
German Deng Duojia mechanisms have studied the high performance refractory metal component laser such as titanium alloy, nickel base superalloy, stainless steel, steel alloy
Increases material manufacturing technology.Domestic Duo Jia colleges and universities and institute are to the nickel base superalloys such as the titanium alloys such as TC4, IN718, NiTi alloys
And Ti/Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s etc. have carried out experimental study and the application of a large amount of laser gain material manufacturing process, institutional framework and performance.
At present, the optimization of metal increasing material manufacturing limits still in the trial and error experimental study stage from fund and time cost
The fast development of metal increases material manufacturing technology and application.Simultaneously as metallurgical imperfection during high-performance metal increasing material manufacturing
Formation and development mechanism and the research developed etc. of ess-strain lack reliable experimental technique and means, carry out gold
Belong to the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation research of increasing material manufacturing, can effectively disclose molten bath state change, the shape of metallurgical imperfection
Develop and the coupling mechanism of malformation into development mechanism, material structure, realize the essence of material-technique-defect differentiation-performance
Quasi- shape regulation and control, improve quality, performance and the life-span of metal increasing material manufacturing product.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention proposes that one kind can disclose and increases material system aiming at the deficiency of existing metal increases material manufacturing technology
Microstructure evolution rule, the formation of metallurgical imperfection and development mechanism, residual stresses and deformations and shape is accurately controlled during making
The multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of control property mechanism, the metal for establishing material-technique-defect differentiation-performance increase material system
Make accurate forecast model.
What the present invention was realized in：
The present invention provides a kind of multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing, for metal increasing material manufacturing
Caused microstructure evolution, the formation of metallurgical imperfection and development, processing gas composition influence mechanism, metal powder granulates in journey
Sputtering and residual stresses and deformations carry out multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation simulation, and this method comprises the following steps：
S1, by way of dynamic data modeling, metal increasing material manufacturing process data model is established, including increasing material material number
According to storehouse, process database, technological parameter database, equipment technical parameters database, technological standards normative database and lack
Fall into diagnostic data base；
S2, on a microscopic scale, based on quantum-mechanical theory, first principle meter is carried out by first-principles calculations software
Calculate, obtain the microphysics property for increasing material metal material；
S3, based on first-principles calculations result, the N × N × N super cell's model for increasing material metal material is established, is further used
Molecule power theory, Molecular Dynamics are carried out by Molecular Dynamics software and calculated, obtain fusing, the vapour of metal
Change and solidification phase-change characteristic, obtain processing gas composition influence mechanism, and obtain hole, crackle, residual stresses and deformations this
Defect characteristic is seen slightly；
S4, on meso-scale, based on plasma theory and PIC algorithms, electron beam or laser heating metal dust are melted
Caused plasma is studied during change, and the electron energy, inertial fusion energy, plasma for obtaining plasma accelerate effect
Should and its caused influencing mechanism；
S5, on a macroscopic scale, metal increasing material manufacturing 3-D geometric model is created using 3 d geometric modeling software, use is limited
First mesh generation software divides finite element grid；Gu using stream-heat-- magnetic multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform, increasing material manufacturing is simulated
During flow field, temperature field, magnetic field, stress field and malformation characteristic, study the fusing of metal material and solidification, metal powder
The sputtering of last particle, the formation of hole and crackle and development and residual stresses and deformations situation；
S6, based on multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation result, the hole during metal increasing material manufacturing, crackle, remnants are answered
Power carries out qualitative and quantitative analysis with deforming these defects, and is classified and induction-arrangement；Establish for different defect kinds and
The technological parameter feedback control model of distribution situation, optimize metal increasing material manufacturing technological parameter.
Further, in the step S1, it is described increase material material database include increasing material metal material parameter and
Microscopic metal crystal structure；The technological parameter database include energy source category, energy source power, metal dust quality,
Powdering thickness, scanning pattern, sweep speed, protective gas, base reservoir temperature and cooldown rate；The equipment technical parameters data
Storehouse includes shaping chamber size, forming accuracy and forming efficiency.
Further, the step S2 is specifically included：From the microphysics property for increasing material metal material, pass through first
Property principle software for calculation, obtain and increase characteristic parameter of the material metal material under high temperature action, it is normal that the characteristic parameter includes lattice
One or more of number, bulk modulus, electron density distribution and band structure parameter, illustrate the pass of material structure and performance
System, research increase thermodynamic property of the material metal material in fusion process is heated, and the thermodynamic property includes linear heat
The coefficient of expansion and thermal capacitance.
Further, the step S3 is specifically included：N × N × N super cell's the model for increasing material metal material is established, is passed through
Molecular Dynamics software is carried out Molecular Dynamics and calculated, and balance of the metal material in fusion process is heated is melted
After fusing volume and fusion entropy, solid liquid interface energy and cooling down in point, thermal equation of state, fusion curve, phase transition process
Microscopic appearance, hole and the crackle of formation carry out quantitative analysis；The microcosmic gas componant model of metal increasing material manufacturing is established, research adds
Influence of the gas componant to forming quality during work.
Further, the step S3 also includes：Feature ginseng based on the increasing material metal material obtained in the step S2
Number, is optimized to the description atom in Molecular Dynamics and the potential function of interaction between atoms, so as to improve molecule
The precision of dynamics simulation.
Further, in the step S4, based on PIC algorithms using the plasma during metal molten as passing through electromagnetism
The granular model of field interactions, and plasma caused by electron beam or laser heating metal is carried out by the following method
Research, analyze principle and its influencing mechanism caused by plasma：First, by being calculated in the enterprising row interpolation of grid to granule number
The particle source information such as amount, electric charge, current density is configured；Secondly, based on information such as current densities, by solving Maxwell
Equation obtains electric field, Magnetic Field；Finally, based on Newton's second law and Lorentz force, to motion of the particle in electromagnetic field
It is tracked.
Further, in the step S5,3 d geometric modeling and finite element grid to bulky metals increasing material manufacturing are drawn
Point be according to increasing material manufacturing process, technological parameter, increase material metal material attribute and increase material metal powder granulates parameter come
Carry out；Gu stream-the heat-- magnetic multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform is first-principles calculations and step based on step S2
What the material constitutive relation that S3 Molecular Dynamics obtain was developed.
Further, Gu the computational methods of the stream-heat-- magnetic multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform are as follows：
In fluid calculation, based on continuous media Fluid Mechanics Computation governing equation, metal dust high temperature melting model is established, and
Quality, the energy source item of each phase during metal molten and solidification phase transformation are modified, emulation boundary condition, research gold are set
Belong to fusion temperature, molten bath flow regime；
In heat calculates, the energy conversion model for different-energy source is established, studies the energy between energy source and metal dust
Transformation efficiency；Establish heat transfer model, Study of Fluid domain, solid domain inside and the mutual coefficient of heat transfer and heat flow density；
In Structural Dynamics calculating, based on transient structural dynamics governing equation, metal powder granulates are established in high-energy beam
Sputtering phenomenon under heating state, Influencing Mechanism and rule of the research metal dust sputtering to increasing material manufacturing product quality；Establish
Strees strain model in molten metal condensation process, study under different cooling, thermograde operating mode, metal increasing material manufacturing
The distribution of the hole, crack defect of product, residual stresses and deformations situation；
In being calculated in magnetic field, based on Maxwell equation, kinetic characteristic of the metal dust in magnetic field under high temperature action is established, is led to
Cross and strong magnetic field action is applied to metal dust, the sputtering of metal dust under high temperature action is reduced, so as to improve metal increasing material manufacturing
The microstructure morphology and performance of product.
Further, the step S6 is specifically included：Metal increasing material manufacturing technological parameter is studied to hole, crackle, stress
The affecting laws of three class defects are strained, the quantization correlation model of Alternative parameter and defect characteristic are established, based on Alternative parameter
With the quantization correlation model of defect characteristic, metal increasing material manufacturing powder injection molding feedback regulation model is established, optimization metal increases material
Manufacture controllable process parameters.
Further, the step S6 also includes：According to Alternative parameter and the quantization correlation model of defect characteristic, enter one
Step optimization increases material material database, process database, technological parameter database, equipment technical parameters database, technique mark
Quasi- normative database and defect diagonsis database.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
The present invention studies the thermodynamics characteristic of increasing material manufacturing metal material, led to from the microphysics property of metal material
Cross the means of multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation, simulate microstructure evolution during metal increasing material manufacturing, metallurgical imperfection
Formation and development, the sputtering of processing gas composition influence mechanism, metal powder granulates and residual stress and malformation etc., shape
Into grand microcosmic integrated metal increasing material manufacturing product quality forecast system.The inventive method can effectively optimize metal and increase material
Manufacturing processing technic parameter, trial and error experimentation cost is reduced, improve metal increasing material manufacturing forming efficiency, precision and performance etc..
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of stream of the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of data of multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing provided in an embodiment of the present invention are handed over
Mutually and system framework figure；
Fig. 3 is a kind of the multiple dimensioned of multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Modeling method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained all other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation of metal increasing material manufacturing
Method, for caused microstructure evolution, the formation of metallurgical imperfection and development, processing gas during metal increasing material manufacturing
Composition influence mechanism, metal powder granulates sputtering and residual stresses and deformations carry out multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation mould
Intend, this method comprises the following steps：
S1, by way of dynamic data modeling, metal increasing material manufacturing process data model is established, including increasing material material number
According to storehouse, process database, technological parameter database, equipment technical parameters database, technological standards normative database and lack
Fall into diagnostic data base etc.；
S2, on a microscopic scale, based on quantum-mechanical theory, first principle meter is carried out by first-principles calculations software
Calculate, obtain the microphysics property for increasing material metal material；
S3, based on first-principles calculations result, the N × N × N super cell's model for increasing material metal material is established, is further used
Molecule power theory, Molecular Dynamics are carried out by Molecular Dynamics software and calculated, obtain fusing, the vapour of metal
Change and solidification phase-change characteristic, obtain processing gas composition influence mechanism, and obtain hole, crackle, residual stresses and deformations this
Defect characteristic is seen slightly；
S4, on meso-scale, based on plasma theory and PIC（Particle-in-cell）Algorithm, to electron beam or
Caused plasma is studied during laser heating fusion of metal powder, obtains the electron energy of plasma, inertia gathers
Become energy, plasma acceleration effect and its caused influencing mechanism；
S5, on a macroscopic scale, metal increasing material manufacturing 3-D geometric model is created using 3 d geometric modeling software, use is limited
First mesh generation software divides finite element grid；Gu using stream-heat-- magnetic multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform, increasing material manufacturing is simulated
During flow field, temperature field, magnetic field, stress field and malformation characteristic, study the fusing of metal material and solidification, metal powder
The sputtering of last particle, the formation of hole and crackle and development and residual stresses and deformations situation；
S6, based on multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation result, the hole during metal increasing material manufacturing, crackle, remnants are answered
Power carries out qualitative and quantitative analysis with deforming these defects, and is classified and induction-arrangement；Establish for different defect kinds and
The technological parameter feedback control model of distribution situation, optimize metal increasing material manufacturing technological parameter.
For typical laser or electron beam constituency heating metal molten increases material manufacturing technology, metal dust is in high-strength energy
Melted under amount Shu Jiare, with metallic plasma and steam volatilization phenomenon, form small metal on metal powder bed surface and melt
Pond；Meanwhile under intense high energy beam snap sputtering phenomenon occurs for metal dust；As molten metal gradually cools down, formed
Continuous metal structure, so as to realize the target of metal increasing material manufacturing.It is related to heat transfer, the microstructure of complexity during this
The physical process such as transformation, microstress and deformation, metal dust sputtering, causes metal increasing material manufacturing product to be highly susceptible to add
Work environment, technological parameter etc. influence, and the defects of hole, crackle, stress are with deformation occur.
Further, in the step S1, it is described increase material material database include increasing material metal material parameter and
Microscopic metal crystal structure etc.；The technological parameter database includes energy source category, energy source power, metal dust matter
Amount, powdering thickness, scanning pattern, sweep speed, protective gas, base reservoir temperature and cooldown rate etc., wherein Laser Power Supply kind
Class includes laser and electron beam, and metal increasing material manufacturing working process parameter plays decisive role to product quality, for difference
The part of metal material and forming requirements, specific working process parameter must be used；Wrapped in the equipment technical parameters database
Include and shape chamber size, forming accuracy and forming efficiency etc..
Further, the step S2 is specifically included：From the microphysics property for increasing material metal material, using first
Property principle software for calculation, such as VASP softwares, based on density functional theory plane wave pseudopotential, by sewing plus projection wave method
（Projector-augmented wave method, PAW）Interaction between ion core and valence electron is described, using wide
Adopted gradient is approximate（GGA）Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof（PBE）Scheme handles the exchange correlation of electronic interaction
Energy；The plane wave in reciprocal space is set to block energy；The integral and calculating of geometry optimization and the density of states in full Brillouin zone is adopted
With k point Monkorst-Park trellis schemes；During structure optimization, the energy convergence for meeting computational accuracy requirement is set
With interatomic interaction force convergence, the spy for increasing material metal material under high temperature action is obtained by first-principles calculations
Parameter is levied, the characteristic parameter includes one or more in lattice constant, bulk modulus, electron density distribution and band structure
Individual parameter, illustrates the relation of material structure and performance, and research increases thermokinetics of the material metal material in fusion process is heated
Matter, the thermodynamic property include thermal linear expansion coefficient and thermal capacitance.
Further, the step S3 is specifically included：N × N × N super cell's the model for increasing material metal material is established, is set
Periodic boundary condition, in selected assemblage（NVE, NVT, NPT）Under, system is progressively heated in the process until fusing, is then melted
Metal progressively cooled until crystallization；Using Velocity-Verlet Algorithm for Solving newton's equation of motion, set and calculate the time
Step-length and total simulated time.Carry out Molecular Dynamics by Molecular Dynamics software to calculate, such as LAMMPS softwares,
To fusing volume of the metal material in the equilibrium melting point in heating fusion process, thermal equation of state, fusion curve, phase transition process
Quantitative analysis is carried out with the microscopic appearance, hole and crackle formed after fusion entropy, solid liquid interface energy and cooling down；Establish gold
Belong to the microcosmic gas componant model of increasing material manufacturing, study influence of the gas componant to forming quality in process.
Preferably, the step S3 also includes：Based on obtained in the step S2 increasing material metal material characteristic parameter,
Description atom in Molecular Dynamics and the potential function of interaction between atoms are optimized, so as to improve molecule power
Learn the precision of emulation.
Further, in the step S4, the plasma effect model established during metal molten, calculated based on PIC
Method is using the plasma during metal molten as by the granular model of electromagnetism field interactions, and by the following method to electricity
Plasma caused by beamlet or laser heating metal is studied：First, by the enterprising row interpolation of grid calculate to
The particle source information such as grain number amount, electric charge, current density is configured；Secondly, based on information such as current densities, by solving Mike
This Wei Fangcheng obtains electric field, Magnetic Field；Finally, based on Newton's second law and Lorentz force, to particle in electromagnetic field
Motion is tracked.
Further, in the step S5, SolidWorks Geometric Modelings software can be used to create metal increasing material manufacturing
3-D geometric model, finite element grid is divided using Gambit softwares, to the 3 d geometric modeling of bulky metals increasing material manufacturing and
FEM meshing is according to increasing material manufacturing process, technological parameter, increases material metal material attribute and increasing material metal powder
Last particle parameter is carried out；Gu stream-the heat-- magnetic multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform is that the primary based on step S2 is former
What the material constitutive relation that reason calculates and step S3 Molecular Dynamics obtain was developed.
Further, Gu the calculating side of the stream-heat of independent development of the present invention-- magnetic multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform
Method is as follows：
In fluid calculation, based on continuous media Fluid Mechanics Computation governing equation, metal dust high temperature melting model is established, and
Quality, the energy source item of each phase during metal molten and solidification phase transformation are modified, emulation boundary condition, research gold are set
Belong to fusion temperature, molten bath flow regime；
In heat calculates, the energy conversion model for different-energy source is established, studies the energy between energy source and metal dust
Transformation efficiency；Establish heat transfer model, Study of Fluid domain, solid domain inside and the mutual coefficient of heat transfer and heat flow density；
In Structural Dynamics calculating, based on transient structural dynamics governing equation, metal powder granulates are established in high-energy beam
Sputtering phenomenon under heating state, Influencing Mechanism and rule of the research metal dust sputtering to increasing material manufacturing product quality；Establish
Strees strain model in molten metal condensation process, study under different cooling, thermograde operating mode, metal increasing material manufacturing
The distribution of the hole, crack defect of product, residual stresses and deformations situation；
In being calculated in magnetic field, based on Maxwell equation, kinetic characteristic of the metal dust in magnetic field under high temperature action is established, is led to
Cross and strong magnetic field action is applied to metal dust, the sputtering of metal dust under high temperature action is reduced, so as to improve metal increasing material manufacturing
The microstructure morphology and performance of product.
Further, the step S6 is specifically included：The defects of metal increasing material manufacturing is divided into hole, crackle and stress should
Become three classes, research different materials powder particle size, internal impurity content, laser energy density, scanning pattern and sweep speed
These technological parameters to hole, crackle, the class defect of ess-strain three affecting laws, establish Alternative parameter and defect characteristic
Quantify correlation model, further optimization increases material material database, process database, technological parameter database, equipment and technology
Parameter database, technological standards normative database and defect diagonsis database；Amount based on Alternative parameter and defect characteristic
Change correlation model, the porosity that multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation is calculated, hole size, crack length, remnants should
The results such as power establish metal increasing material manufacturing powder injection molding feedback regulation model compared with desired value, and optimization metal increases material system
Make controllable process parameters.
Further, as shown in figure 3, the step S2-S5 of present invention execution sequence is not limited to hold successively from S2 to S5
OK, its order can change, and multiple steps can be carried out simultaneously, so as to combine first principle, molecular dynamics and
Macroscopical multiple physical field coupling Simulation realizes that either the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field of synchronization couples from top to bottom or up and down from bottom to top
Modeling and simulation is analyzed.This structure of the metal material obtained based on quantum mechanics first-principles calculations and Molecular Dynamics
Relation, macroscopic finite unit Simulation Control equation is modified；It is microcosmic with reference to actual condition and macroscopic finite unit simulation result
First-principles calculations and Molecular Dynamics Calculation provide boundary condition.On this basis, multi-Scale Data interactive algorithm is developed,
Realize metal increasing material manufacturing synchronous multiple dimensioned multiple physical field Coupling method emulation up and down.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing, for being produced during metal increasing material manufacturing Microstructure evolution, metallurgical imperfection formation and development, processing gas composition influence mechanism, metal powder granulates sputtering and Residual stresses and deformations carry out multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation simulation, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：S1, by way of dynamic data modeling, metal increasing material manufacturing process data model is established, including increasing material material number According to storehouse, process database, technological parameter database, equipment technical parameters database, technological standards normative database and lack Fall into diagnostic data base；S2, on a microscopic scale, based on quantum-mechanical theory, first principle meter is carried out by first-principles calculations software Calculate, obtain the microphysics property for increasing material metal material；S3, based on first-principles calculations result, the N × N × N super cell's model for increasing material metal material is established, is further used Molecule power theory, Molecular Dynamics are carried out by Molecular Dynamics software and calculated, obtain fusing, the vapour of metal Change and solidification phase-change characteristic, obtain processing gas composition influence mechanism, and obtain hole, crackle, residual stresses and deformations this Defect characteristic is seen slightly；S4, on meso-scale, based on plasma theory and PIC algorithms, electron beam or laser heating metal dust are melted Caused plasma is studied during change, and the electron energy, inertial fusion energy, plasma for obtaining plasma accelerate effect Should and its caused influencing mechanism；S5, on a macroscopic scale, metal increasing material manufacturing 3-D geometric model is created using 3 d geometric modeling software, use is limited First mesh generation software divides finite element grid；Gu using stream-heat-- magnetic multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform, increasing material manufacturing is simulated During flow field, temperature field, magnetic field, stress field and malformation characteristic, study the fusing of metal material and solidification, metal powder The sputtering of last particle, the formation of hole and crackle and development and residual stresses and deformations situation；S6, based on multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling Simulation result, the hole during metal increasing material manufacturing, crackle, remnants are answered Power carries out qualitative and quantitative analysis with deforming these defects, and is classified and induction-arrangement；Establish for different defect kinds and The technological parameter feedback control model of distribution situation, optimize metal increasing material manufacturing technological parameter.
- 2. the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described In step S1, the material material database that increases includes increasing the material parameter and microscopic metal crystal structure of material metal；It is described Technological parameter database includes energy source category, energy source power, metal dust quality, powdering thickness, scanning pattern, scanning Speed, protective gas, base reservoir temperature and cooldown rate；The equipment technical parameters database includes shaping chamber chi Very little, forming accuracy and forming efficiency.
- 3. the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Step S2 is specifically included：From the microphysics property for increasing material metal material, by first-principles calculations software, increased Characteristic parameter of the material metal material under high temperature action, the characteristic parameter include lattice constant, bulk modulus, electron density One or more of distribution and band structure parameter, illustrate the relation of material structure and performance, and research increases material metal material and existed The thermodynamic property in fusion process is heated, the thermodynamic property includes thermal linear expansion coefficient and thermal capacitance.
- 4. the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described Step S3 is specifically included：N × N × N super cell's the model for increasing material metal material is established, is carried out by Molecular Dynamics software Molecular Dynamics calculate, to equilibrium melting point of the metal material in fusion process is heated, thermal equation of state, fusion curve, The microscopic appearance that is formed after fusing volume and fusion entropy, solid liquid interface energy and cooling down in phase transition process, hole are with splitting Line carries out quantitative analysis；The microcosmic gas componant model of metal increasing material manufacturing is established, gas componant is to shaping in research process The influence of quality.
- 5. the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：It is described Step S3 also includes：Based on the characteristic parameter of the increasing material metal material obtained in the step S2, in Molecular Dynamics Description atom and the potential functions of interaction between atoms optimize, so as to improve the precision of Molecular Dynamics.
- 6. the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described In step S4, based on PIC algorithms using the plasma during metal molten as by the granular model of electromagnetism field interactions, And plasma caused by electron beam or laser heating metal is studied by the following method, analyze plasma effect Microcosmic effect mechanism：First, by being calculated in the enterprising row interpolation of grid to sources of particles such as amounts of particles, electric charge, current densities Information is configured；Secondly, based on information such as current densities, electric field, Magnetic Field are obtained by solving Maxwell equation；Most Afterwards, based on Newton's second law and Lorentz force, motion of the particle in electromagnetic field is tracked.
- 7. the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described In step S5,3 d geometric modeling and FEM meshing to bulky metals increasing material manufacturing are according to increasing material manufacturing technique side Method, technological parameter, increase material metal material attribute and increasing material metal powder granulates parameter to carry out；Gu stream-the heat-- magnetic Multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform is that the Molecular Dynamics of first-principles calculations and step S3 based on step S2 obtain Material constitutive relation developed.
- 8. the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is described Gu the computational methods of stream-heat-- magnetic multiple physical field coupling Simulation platform are as follows：In fluid calculation, based on continuous media Fluid Mechanics Computation governing equation, metal dust high temperature melting model is established, and Quality, the energy source item of each phase during metal molten and solidification phase transformation are modified, emulation boundary condition, research gold are set Belong to fusion temperature, molten bath flow regime；In heat calculates, the energy conversion model for different-energy source is established, studies the energy between energy source and metal dust Transformation efficiency；Establish heat transfer model, Study of Fluid domain, solid domain inside and the mutual coefficient of heat transfer and heat flow density；In Structural Dynamics calculating, based on transient structural dynamics governing equation, metal powder granulates are established in high-energy beam Sputtering phenomenon under heating state, Influencing Mechanism and rule of the research metal dust sputtering to increasing material manufacturing product quality；Establish Strees strain model in molten metal condensation process, study under different cooling, thermograde operating mode, metal increasing material manufacturing The distribution of the hole, crack defect of product, residual stresses and deformations situation；In being calculated in magnetic field, based on Maxwell equation, kinetic characteristic of the metal dust in magnetic field under high temperature action is established, is led to Cross and strong magnetic field action is applied to metal dust, the sputtering of metal dust under high temperature action is reduced, so as to improve metal increasing material manufacturing The microstructure morphology and performance of product.
- 9. the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Step S6 is specifically included：Study influence rule of the metal increasing material manufacturing technological parameter to hole, crackle, the class defect of ess-strain three Rule, the quantization correlation model of Alternative parameter and defect characteristic is established, the quantization based on Alternative parameter and defect characteristic is closed Gang mould type, metal increasing material manufacturing powder injection molding feedback regulation model is established, optimize metal increasing material manufacturing controllable process parameters.
- 10. the multiple dimensioned multiple physical field coupling simulation method of metal increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：Institute Stating step S6 also includes：According to Alternative parameter and the quantization correlation model of defect characteristic, further optimization increases material material data Storehouse, process database, technological parameter database, equipment technical parameters database, technological standards normative database and defect Diagnostic data base.
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