CN107367279B - High-precision navigation and berthing method for large ship - Google Patents
High-precision navigation and berthing method for large ship Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large ship high-precision navigation and berthing method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a coordinate system; secondly, respectively calculating coordinates of four vertexes of a rectangle where the ship is located according to coordinate data of a port point A, a starboard point B and a ship head point B1 and a polar coordinate origin O; thirdly, calculating the distance from the bow and the stern to the wharf and the traversing speed; and fourthly, calculating the ship fore direction. The invention realizes the accurate control of the position parameters and the movement parameters when the ship is berthed, and the driving direction and the speed when the ship is berthed can be accurately controlled according to all data obtained by the method, so as to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship navigation, in particular to a high-precision navigation and berthing method for a large ship.
Background
After the intelligent ship concept is provided, shipborne equipment is continuously updated, novel large ships are equipped with walking aid equipment, the equipment can provide certain information support for drivers, but old ships, shipborne equipment is slowly updated, and the walking aid equipment is insufficient in information assistance, so that portable navigation equipment carried by pilots appears in the field of vision of people, the piloting person is enabled to drive, the navigation is not only dependent on the ship self equipment for navigation, and more effective information support for ships can be realized by means of modern portable equipment.
The shipborne portable navigation aid equipment is divided into two categories, one is a shore-based navigation aid instrument arranged beside a wharf, such as an auxiliary berthing device [2] utilizing infrared rays, sonar and radar [1] or a laser technology, and the other is a ship-based navigation aid instrument carried by a pilot on a ship, such as an auxiliary berthing device facilitating differential positioning. The shore-based berthing auxiliary equipment is short in action distance and difficult to meet information support in the whole berthing process of a large ship.
The factors for determining whether the large ship can realize safe berthing in the berthing process are the transverse speed of the ship, the steering rate of the ship, the distance between the bow and the stern from the quay line and the transverse moving speed of the ship according to the analysis of the berthing process of the large ship, so that the berthing of the large ship is mainly controlled by the parameters, namely the motion state of the large ship in the horizontal plane during berthing. Therefore, the invention provides a method for carrying out high-precision navigation and berthing on a large ship by establishing a plane motion mathematical model in a two-dimensional space when the large ship is berthed, starting from a large ship motion model.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision navigation and berthing method for a large ship, which can accurately control the transverse speed, the steering rate, the head-tail distance and the distance between the ship and a shoreline of the large ship and guide the large ship to safely berth.
To achieve the above technical object, the technical method of the present invention is as follows:
the high-precision navigation and berthing method for the large ship comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a coordinate system
Establishing a polar coordinate system by using a rectangle in which a ship is positioned, wherein the rectangle can just sleeve the ship, a ship port point A, a ship starboard point B and a ship head point B1 are positioning terminal placing points, and measuring the coordinates of the ship port point A and the ship starboard point B in real time through the positioning terminals;
secondly, respectively calculating coordinates of four vertexes of a rectangle where the ship is located according to coordinate data of a port point A, a starboard point B and a ship head point B1 and a polar coordinate origin O;
step three, calculating the distance between the bow and the stern to the wharf and the traversing speed
Obtaining a linear equation of the wharf by measuring two coordinate points of the wharf;
respectively calculating the distance between the ship and the wharf and the distance between the stern and the wharf at two adjacent moments in the running process of the ship according to the coordinates of the four vertexes of the rectangle and a linear equation where the wharf is located, and calculating the transverse moving speed of the bow and the transverse moving speed of the stern according to the distance between the two moments and the time difference;
step four: heading calculation
Selecting two rectangular vertexes M (M) on one side of the berthX,MY)、N(NX,NY) Obtaining a straight line MN passing through two vertexes according to the vertex coordinates of the straight line MN, wherein the vector of the straight line MN isLet the vector of true north be the unit vectorThe fore direction of the ship isRotate counterclockwise toAngle θ of (d);
Step five: ship steering ratio calculation
Calculating two adjacent moments T according to the step four1And T2And (3) calculating the steering rate of the ship according to the following formula:
wherein theta is2And theta1Divided into adjacent times T2And T1The measured heading angle at that moment.
The second step specifically comprises: for any vertex X (P, θ), the coordinate calculation formula is as follows:
p2=L2+p1 2-2Lp1cos(∠XAO) (1)
wherein, P is the length of XO; l is the AX length, a known amount; p is a radical of1Is the AO length, also a known amount;
according to equation (1), to find P, ∠ XAO, i.e. θ, is first found, and the vertex X coordinate has the following solving cases:
case 1 whenWhen the included angle with the positive direction of the X axis is 0 degrees or 360 degrees, the coordinate of the X point is (X1,) Wherein X is the abscissa of point A is the point directly obtained by measurement,the distance from the cab to the bow or stern is a known quantity;
case 2 whenWhen the included angle between the X-axis positive direction and the X-axis positive direction is (0 degree and 90 degrees), the inclination angle of the straight line where AB is located is theta AB, then
Wherein (x)1,y1)(x2,y2) The coordinates of the rectangular coordinate system where the point A and the point B are respectively located can be converted from polar coordinates;
case 3 whenWhen the included angle between the X axis and the positive direction is 90 degrees, the coordinate of the X point is (X1, AX + y 1);
case 4 whenWhen the included angle with the positive direction of the X axis is (90 degrees and 180 degrees):
case 5 whenThe coordinate of the X point is (X) when the included angle with the positive direction of the X axis is 180 degrees1,Y1-L);
Case 6 whenWhen the angle is (180 DEG, 270 DEG) with the positive direction of the X axis, ∠ XAO is theta1-90°-θAB;
Case 7 whenThe coordinate of the X point is (X) when the positive included angle with the X axis is 270 degrees1-L,Y1);
Case 8 whenWhen the angle is (270 degrees, 360 degrees) with the positive direction of the X axis, ∠ XAO is equal to theta1+θAB-90°。
The third step specifically comprises:
1) let two rectangular vertexes near the side of the berth be M (M)X,MY)、N(NX,NY) The equation of the straight line where the wharf is located is L: ax + by + c is 0;
2) the distance between the bow and the wharf and the traversing speed calculation process are as follows:
the distance from M to L at time T isLet T1Time and T2The distances from the time M to the time L are respectively S1、S2;
3) the distance between the stern and the wharf and the traversing speed calculation process are as follows:
the distance from M to L at time T isLet T1Time and T2The distances from the time M to the time L are S ″, respectively1、S`2;
ThenWherein VsRepresenting the speed of stern transverse movement, S2Represents T2Distance from point N to L, S ″, time1Represents T1The distance from point N to L.
After the method is adopted, the invention has the positive effects that: according to the invention, a polar coordinate system is established by a rectangle in which a ship is positioned, four vertex coordinates of the rectangle are calculated by utilizing the ship length, the ship width (known quantity) and the positioning coordinates (obtained by a positioning terminal) of a port point A and a starboard point B of the ship on the basis of the polar coordinate system, dynamic data during berthing of the ship, including the transverse moving speed from the ship head and the ship tail to the wharf and the ship steering rate, are obtained according to the relative position change of the four vertex coordinates and the ship and the change of the ship fore direction, so that the position parameters and the moving parameters during berthing of the ship can be accurately controlled, and the running direction and the running speed during berthing of the ship can be accurately controlled according to each item of data obtained by the method, so that safety accidents are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an algorithm simulation coordinate system of the berthing instrument of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the high-precision navigation and berthing method for large ships of the invention comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a coordinate system
As shown in fig. 1, a polar coordinate system is established by a rectangle in which a ship is located, the rectangle can just sleeve the ship, a ship port point a, a ship starboard point B and a ship head point B1 are positioning terminal placing points, and coordinates of the ship port point a and the ship starboard point B are measured in real time through the positioning terminals;
secondly, respectively calculating coordinates of four vertexes of a rectangle where the ship is located according to coordinate data of a port point A, a starboard point B and a ship head point B1 and a polar coordinate origin O; the second step specifically comprises: x (P, θ) in intention, the vertex coordinates are calculated as follows:
p2=L2+p1 2-2Lp1cos(∠XAO) (1)
wherein, P is the length of XO; l is the AX length, a known amount; p is a radical of1Is the AO length, also a known amount;
according to equation (1), to find P, ∠ XAO, i.e. θ, is first found, and the vertex X coordinate has the following solving cases:
case 1 whenThe X point coordinates when the positive angle with the X axis is 0 or 360 deg. (X1,) Wherein X is the abscissa of point A is the point directly obtained by measurement,the distance from the cab to the bow is a known quantity;
case 2 whenWhen the positive included angle with the X axis is 0-90 degrees (anticlockwise rotation), the inclination angle of the straight line where AB is located is theta AB, then
Wherein (x)1,y1)(x2,y2) Respectively are rectangular coordinates of the point A and the point BCoordinates of the system can be converted from polar coordinates;
case 3 whenWhen the included angle with the positive direction of the X axis is 90 degrees, the coordinates of the X point are (X1,);
case 4 whenWhen the included angle with the positive direction of the X axis is (90 degrees and 180 degrees):
case 5 whenWhen the positive included angle with the X axis is 180 degrees, the coordinate of the X point is (X1, Y1-L);
case 6 whenWhen the angle is (180 DEG, 270 DEG) with the positive direction of the X axis, ∠ XAO is theta1-90°-θAB;
Case 7 whenWhen the positive included angle with the X axis is 270 degrees (anticlockwise), the coordinate of the X point is (X1-L, Y1);
case 8 whenWhen the angle is (270 °, 360 °) with respect to the X axis, ∠ XAO (counterclockwise) is θ1+θAB-90°。
Theta in all the above cases1∈[90,180]If the angle is a specific value such as 0 °, 90 ° or 180 °, the above can be converted to any one of the above cases, and if θ is1∈[0,90]Then it needs to be determined first and then classified asOne of the above cases. The other three vertex points of the rectangle can be obtained in the same way, and the straight line of the wharf front can be obtained by measuring two points of the wharf front.
Thirdly, calculating the distance between the bow and the stern to the wharf and the traversing speed
Obtaining a linear equation of the wharf by measuring two coordinate points of the wharf;
respectively calculating the distance between the ship and the wharf and the distance between the stern and the wharf at two adjacent moments in the running process of the ship according to the coordinates of the four vertexes of the rectangle and a linear equation where the wharf is located, and calculating the transverse moving speed of the bow and the transverse moving speed of the stern according to the distance between the two moments and the time difference; the third step specifically comprises:
1) let two rectangular vertexes near the side of the berth be M (M)X,MY)、N(NX,NY) The equation of the straight line where the wharf is located is L: ax + by + c is 0;
2) the distance between the bow and the wharf and the traversing speed calculation process are as follows:
the distance from M to L at time T isLet T1Time and T2The distances from the time M to the time L are respectively S1、S2;
3) the distance between the stern and the wharf and the traversing speed calculation process are as follows:
the distance from M to L at time T isLet T1Time and T2The distances from the time M to the time L are S ″, respectively1、S`2;
ThenWherein VsRepresenting the speed of stern transverse movement, S2Represents T2Distance from point N to L, S ″, time1Represents T1The distance from point N to L.
Fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: heading calculation
Selecting two rectangular vertexes M (M) on one side of the berthX,MY)、N(NX,NY) Obtaining a straight line MN passing through two vertexes according to the vertex coordinates of the straight line MN, wherein the vector of the straight line MN isLet the vector of true north be the unit vectorThe fore direction of the ship isRotate counterclockwise toAngle θ of (d);
Step five: ship steering ratio calculation
Calculating two adjacent moments T according to the step four1And T2And (3) calculating the steering rate of the ship according to the following formula:
wherein theta is2And theta1Divided into adjacent times T2And T1The measured heading angle at that moment.
Therefore, the transverse shifting speeds of the bow and the stern and the steering rate of the bow of the ship during berthing are obtained by the method, and the berthing speed of the ship is accurately controlled according to the parameters, so that safe berthing is realized.
Claims (3)
1. The large-scale ship navigation and berthing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, establishing a coordinate system
Establishing a polar coordinate system by using a rectangle in which a ship is positioned, wherein the rectangle can just sleeve the ship, a ship port point A, a ship starboard point B and a ship head point B1 are positioning terminal placing points, and measuring the coordinates of the ship port point A and the ship starboard point B in real time through the positioning terminals;
secondly, respectively calculating coordinates of four vertexes of a rectangle where the ship is located according to coordinate data of a port point A, a starboard point B and a ship head point B1 and a polar coordinate origin O;
step three, calculating the distance between the bow and the stern to the wharf and the traversing speed
Obtaining a linear equation of the wharf by measuring two coordinate points of the wharf;
respectively calculating the distance between the ship and the wharf and the distance between the stern and the wharf at two adjacent moments in the running process of the ship according to the coordinates of the four vertexes of the rectangle and a linear equation where the wharf is located, and calculating the transverse moving speed of the bow and the transverse moving speed of the stern according to the distance between the two moments and the time difference;
step four: heading calculation
Selecting two rectangular vertexes M (M) on one side of the berthX,MY)、N(NX,NY) Obtaining a straight line MN passing through two vertexes according to the vertex coordinates of the straight line MN, wherein the vector of the straight line MN isLet the vector of true north be the unit vectorThe fore direction of the ship isRotate counterclockwise toAngle θ of (d);
Step five: ship steering ratio calculation
Calculating two adjacent moments T according to the step four1And T2And (3) calculating the steering rate of the ship according to the following formula:
2. The large vessel navigation and berthing method according to claim 1, wherein the second step specifically comprises: for any vertex X (p, θ), the coordinate calculation formula is as follows:
p2=L2+p1 2-2Lp1cos(∠XAO) (1)
wherein p is the length of XO; l is the AX length, a known amount; p is a radical of1Is the AO length, also a known amount;
according to equation (1), to find p, ∠ XAO, i.e. θ, is first found, and the vertex X coordinate has the following solving cases:
case 1 whenWhen the included angle with the positive direction of the X axis is 0 degrees or 360 degrees, the coordinate of the X point is (X1,) Wherein X is the abscissa of point A is the point directly obtained by measurement,the distance from the cab to the bow or stern is a known quantity;
case 2 whenWhen the included angle between the positive direction of the X axis and the positive direction of the X axis is (0 degree, 90 degrees), the inclination angle of the line where the AB is positioned is thetaABThen, then
Wherein (x)1,y1)(x2,y2) The coordinates of the rectangular coordinate system where the point A and the point B are respectively located can be converted from polar coordinates;
case 3 whenWhen the included angle with the positive direction of the X axis is 90 degrees, the coordinates of the X point are (X1,);
case 4 whenWhen the included angle with the positive direction of the X axis is (90 degrees and 180 degrees):
case 5 whenThe coordinate of the X point is (X) when the included angle with the positive direction of the X axis is 180 degrees1,Y1-L);
Case 6 whenWhen the angle is (180 DEG, 270 DEG) with the positive direction of the X axis, ∠ XAO is theta1-90°-θAB;
Case 7 whenThe coordinate of the X point is (X) when the positive included angle with the X axis is 270 degrees1-L,Y1);
3. The large vessel navigation and berthing method according to claim 1, wherein the third step specifically comprises:
1) let two rectangular vertexes near the side of the berth be M (M)X,MY)、N(NX,NY) The equation of the straight line where the wharf is located is l: ax + by + c is 0;
2) the distance between the bow and the wharf and the traversing speed calculation process are as follows:
at time T the distance from M to l isLet T1Time and T2The distances from the time M to the time l are respectively S1、S2;
3) the distance between the stern and the wharf and the traversing speed calculation process are as follows:
at time T the distance from M to l isLet T1Time and T2The distances from the time M to the time l are S ″, respectively1、S`2;
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