CN107365571B - Preparation process of carbon tube nano fluid and microchannel heat transfer working medium - Google Patents
Preparation process of carbon tube nano fluid and microchannel heat transfer working medium Download PDFInfo
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of carbon tube nanometer fluid and a microchannel heat transfer working medium, comprising the following steps: (1) preparing raw materials: weighing the carbon nano tube, the TNWDIS water dispersing agent and deionized water for later use, and dissolving the TNWDIS water dispersing agent in base liquid water to form a dispersing agent water solution; (2) adding the carbon nano tube into a dispersant aqueous solution, adding deionized water, and stirring; (3) emulsifying and shearing; (4) and (4) ultrasonic dispersion. The carbon tube nano fluid prepared by adding the dispersing agent, emulsifying and shearing and ultrasonic dispersing has better stability and dispersibility and is suitable to be used as a micro-channel heat transfer working medium. Under the laminar flow state, the field cooperativity of the carbon tube nano fluid prepared by the invention is higher than that of Cu and SiO2A nanofluid. When the mass fraction of the carbon nano tube is 1 percent and the Reynolds number is 15, the carbon nano tube nano fluid, the Cu nano fluid and the SiO are2The field cooperating angles of the nanofluids are 65.13 °, 74.54 ° and 77.84 °, respectively.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to heat transfer fluids in the field of solar energy utilization. More particularly, it relates to a preparation process of carbon tube nano fluid and microchannel heat-transfer working medium.
Background
With the continuous development of research on the enhanced heat transfer technology, single heat exchange working media such as water, oil, alcohol and the like cannot completely adapt to the current high-efficiency heat transfer technology due to relatively low heat conductivity of the single heat exchange working media, and the appearance of the nano fluid can make up for the vacancy of a new generation of enhanced heat transfer technology in the aspect of materials. Due to the small size effect of the nano particles, the shape of the nano particles is more similar to that of pure liquid molecules, the nano particles have good liquidity, small frictional resistance, difficult blockage and good heat-conducting property, and therefore the nano particles have stronger applicability.
Elena and the like add different active agents when preparing the oil-based silicon dioxide nano fluid, fully mix the oil-based silicon dioxide nano fluid in a magnetic rod stirring and ultrasonic oscillation mode, and research the change rule of thermophysical properties of the oil-based silicon dioxide nano fluid along with the active agents and mass fractions at different temperatures. Preparing copper oxide nanofluid by Madhusree and the like, adding oleic acid into gear oil serving as base liquid, measuring the particle size of primary particles of copper oxide to be 40nm, and measuring the agglomeration condition by using FTIR and DLS; after 1% by mass of oleic acid is added, the liquid dispersion is more stable, and after 4h of ultrasonic oscillation and 2h of magnetic stirring, the obtained nanofluid still has no obvious particle agglomeration after 30 days of standing. The preparation method of the conduction oil nano fluid comprises a two-step method, and a KD2pro tester and a rotational viscometer are respectively adopted to test and research the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the prepared nano fluid; and a test bed is arranged, and the heat exchange characteristic in the closed circulation circular pipe in a laminar flow state in a medium-high temperature range is analyzed. Dan Li et al prepared copper nanoparticles by a one-step method, and synthesized lipophilic copper nanoparticles by a surface modification method to improve dispersion stability thereof. The heat-conducting property of the prepared nanofluid is researched by taking oleic acid as an active agent and kerosene, toluene and decalin as base liquids. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) were originally discovered as a novel material by Iijima, Japan, and have a theoretical thermal conductivity of 6600W/m.K, and experimental values of 3000W/m.K are also possible. The Maxwell theory indicates that the high thermal conductivity of the nanofluid is mainly due to the high thermal conductivity of the added particles, so that more and more attention of related researchers is focused on the carbon tube nanofluid, a new generation of enhanced heat exchange working medium. The Marianxiang and the like adopt a method of adding a surfactant, namely Arabic Gum (GA), to prepare a carbon tube nanofluid, and research on the thermophysical properties of the carbon tube nanofluid subjected to ball milling and acidification treatment. The carbon tubes are treated by the mechanical ball milling technology in the standing fly, and the obtained carbon tube particles are dispersed into glycol, glycerol and silicone oil to prepare the nano fluid, and the prepared nano fluid has good stability and dispersibility.
Through a plurality of researches on the nanofluid, the problems of lack of consistency of experimental results of the nanofluid, insufficient deep understanding of mechanism of the nanofluid, low efficiency of preparing stable nanofluid and the like are still to be solved, and therefore, the research on the preparation method of the high-stability nanofluid and the research on the mechanism of change of physical properties of the nanofluid through experiments become hot spots in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation process of a carbon tube nanofluid which is good in stability and dispersity and excellent in heat conduction performance, and provides a microchannel heat transfer working medium suitable for a radiator in a solar power generation system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation process of carbon tube nanometer fluid includes the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: weighing the carbon nano tube, the TNWDIS water dispersing agent and deionized water for later use, and dissolving the TNWDIS water dispersing agent in base liquid water to form a dispersing agent water solution;
(2) adding the carbon nano tube into a dispersant aqueous solution, adding deionized water, and stirring;
(3) emulsifying and shearing;
(4) and (4) ultrasonic dispersion.
The preparation process of the carbon tube nanofluid comprises the following steps of (1): the amount of the TNWDIS water dispersant is 15-25wt% of the mass of the carbon nano tube; the amount of the carbon nano tube is 0.5-5wt% of the total mass of the carbon nano fluid; the base liquid water is deionized water, and the dosage of the base liquid water is limited to be capable of just dissolving the TNWDIS water dispersant.
The preparation process of the carbon tube nanofluid comprises the following steps of (2): before adding the carbon nano tube into the dispersant water solution, firstly carrying out activation treatment on the carbon nano tube: weighing carbon nanotubes, adding the carbon nanotubes into 50mL of sodium hydroxide solution, using 10mL of sodium hydroxide solution for every 0.03g of carbon nanotubes, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 8wt%, heating and evaporating to dryness under the condition of stirring, keeping the obtained solid at the constant temperature of 800 ℃ for 3 hours under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, and washing the obtained solid with distilled water until the washing liquid is neutral; drying the washed solid, and adding the dried solid into 100mL of ethanol-water solution of manganese sulfate; in an ethanol-water solution of manganese sulfate, the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1:8, the mass fraction of manganese sulfate is 20wt%, heating and refluxing are carried out for 5 hours, and after filtration, the obtained solid is washed by distilled water to remove manganese sulfate.
The preparation process of the carbon tube nanofluid comprises the following steps of (3): soaking the carbon nano tube washed with the manganese sulfate in the sorbitan laurate emulsion for 5-10 hours, wherein the volume ratio of the sorbitan laurate to water in the sorbitan laurate emulsion is 1: 5-10.
The preparation process of the carbon tube nanofluid comprises the following steps of (1): the dissolving of the TNWDIS water dispersant is assisted by a water bath heating method, and the water bath temperature is 50-70 ℃.
The preparation process of the carbon tube nanofluid comprises the following steps of (3): after emulsifying and shearing for 10 minutes, taking out the dispersion liquid, standing in cooling water, cooling, defoaming, and continuing shearing.
The preparation process of the carbon tube nanofluid comprises the following steps of (4): and cooling and removing bubbles after ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 3-5 minutes, wherein the total accumulated ultrasonic time is more than or equal to 30 minutes.
The preparation process of the carbon tube nanofluid comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the carbon nano tube, the TNWDIS water dispersing agent and the deionized water by using an electronic balance, wherein the using amount of the water dispersing agent is 20 percent of the mass of the carbon nano tube, dissolving the TNWIDS water dispersing agent in base liquid water, and simultaneously adopting a water bath heating method to assist the dissolution, wherein the water bath heating temperature is less than or equal to 70 ℃;
(2) adding carbon nano tube powder into a dispersant aqueous solution, adding into deionized water, and stirring by using a glass rod to ensure that the carbon nano tube is completely immersed into the dispersant aqueous solution;
(3) after emulsifying and shearing for 10 minutes, taking out the dispersion liquid, standing in cooling water, cooling, defoaming, and continuing shearing;
(4) and (3) ultrasonic dispersion, namely cooling and removing bubbles after ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 3-5 minutes, and the total accumulated ultrasonic treatment time is more than or equal to 30 minutes.
The microchannel heat transfer working medium consists of carbon nano tubes, TNWDIS water dispersing agents and deionized water, wherein the using amount of the TNWDIS water dispersing agents is 15-25wt% of the mass of the carbon nano tubes, and the using amount of the carbon nano tubes is 0.5-5wt% of the total mass of the microchannel heat transfer working medium.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention selects the non-metallic oxide SiO2The particles and the carbon nano tube particles are used as raw materials, the deionized water is used as a base liquid to prepare the nano fluid, and the change rule of the basic physical properties of the nano fluid and the application and optimization of the nano fluid in the reinforced heat exchange in the micro channel are discussed from the aspects of dispersion stability, heat conduction performance and the like.
The invention is to SiO2And carbon tube nanometer fluid, through the change law of its basic thermophysical property of experimental study, and combine the theory of field synergy to carry on the optimization to the heat transfer working medium in the microchannel. The results show that SiO is prepared by high pressure microjet dispersion2Compared with the nano fluid prepared by ultrasonic crushing, the nano fluid has the advantages that the overall heat conductivity coefficient is increased, but the increase amplitude is not more than 2.89%; when the nano fluid is prepared by adopting an ultrasonic crushing method, the particle size of the nano fluid is reduced, the Zeta potential is increased, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is increased along with the extension of the ultrasonic crushing time in a certain range. The Zeta potential of the carbon tube nano fluid with the concentration of 2 percent is increased by 10mV after the water dispersant is added, and the heat conductivity coefficient is increased by 0.038W/m.K. After the nano particles are added into water, the cooperativity of the heat exchange field is obviously improved, and the field cooperativity of the carbon tube nano fluid is higher than that of Cu and SiO in a laminar flow state2A nanofluid. When the mass fraction is 1 percent and the Reynolds number is 15, the carbon tube nano fluid, the Cu nano fluid and the SiO2Of nanofluidsThe field cooperating angles are 65.13 °, 74.54 ° and 77.84 °, respectively.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1a shows a carbon nanotube nanofluid after ultrasonic oscillation,
FIG. 1b shows a carbon nanotube nanofluid without ultrasonic oscillation;
FIG. 2a ultrasonic vibration 0.5h nanoparticle size distribution,
FIG. 2b ultrasonic vibration 2h nanoparticle size distribution;
FIG. 3 influence of dispersant on particle size and Zeta potential;
FIG. 4 different preparation methods for SiO2The influence of the nanofluid thermal conductivity;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of thermal conductivity with mass fraction for different types of nanofluids;
FIG. 6 is the effect of dispersant on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube nanofluid;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of temperature on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes nanofluid;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of time on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes;
FIG. 9 shows the law of variation of field synergy angle and temperature with Reynolds number;
FIG. 10 shows the variation law of field synergy angles with Reynolds numbers for different cooling media.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
1 experiment
1.1 materials and reagents
The Carbon Nano Tube (CNTs) nano particles are black powder, the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, the outer diameter OD is more than 50nm, the length is 10-20 mu m, and the specific surface area SSA >, is60m2(ii)/g, the manufacturer is the institute of organic chemistry of Chinese academy of sciences; the TNWDIS water dispersant is light yellow transparent liquid, does not contain APEO, contains a nonionic surfactant with aromatic groups, has 90 wt% of active substance and 10 wt% of water content, and is produced by the organic chemistry institute of Chinese academy; silicon dioxide (SiO)2) The nano particles are white powder, the particle size is more than or equal to 100nm, and the manufacturer is Shanghai Kent instruments GmbH.
1.2 laboratory instruments and apparatus
An electronic balance, model JA31002, with the precision of 0.01 g; an ultrasonic pulverizer, model YM-1200Y; high speed emulsification shears, model B25; high pressure micro-jet nanometer dispersing instrument, model M-110P; malvern particle size and Zeta potential analyzer, model Nano ZS 90; hot Disk thermal constant analyzer, model TPS 2500S.
1.3 preparation of nanofluids
(1) Water-based SiO2Preparation of nanofluids
The method comprises the following steps: the optimized two-step preparation method is adopted, firstly, silicon dioxide powder is added into deionized water, the mixture is stirred by a glass rod, after the initial dispersion is determined to be uniform, the mixture is cut for 10 minutes by a high-speed emulsification shearing machine, then an ultrasonic cell dispersing instrument is used for further uniform and stable, and the influence of ultrasonic vibration crushing time on the particle size and the Zeta potential is analyzed, so that the nano fluid with better quality is obtained.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: on the basis of the first method, a high-pressure micro-jet nano dispersing instrument is used for replacing an ultrasonic cell crusher, and prepared SiO is contrastively analyzed by different dispersing instruments2Influence of the heat-conducting property and stability of the nano fluid.
(2) Preparation of water-based carbon tube nano-fluid
Aiming at the problem that the carbon nano tubes are easy to intertwine with each other to generate agglomeration compared with other non-metal and metal oxides due to large length-diameter ratio, a water dispersant TNWDIS is added during preparation to ensure the stable dispersion of the carbon tubes in a base solution. Based on the problem that carbon tube nanofluid is easy to block in a microchannel, a high-pressure microjet method is not selected for preparation, and an ultrasonic dispersion method is only used for preparation.
The experiment specifically comprises the following preparation steps:
a. weighing a certain mass of carbon nano tube, TNWDIS water dispersant and deionized water (the amount of the water dispersant is 20% of the mass of the carbon tube) by using an electronic balance, and dissolving a certain amount of TNWIDS in base liquid water, wherein the TNWDIS has low solubility at room temperature, and a water bath heating method is adopted to assist the dissolution, but the temperature is controlled to be not more than 70 ℃ (the cloud point temperature);
b. weighing carbon nanotube powder in proportion, adding into deionized water, and stirring with a glass rod to completely immerse the carbon nanotube into the dispersant aqueous solution;
c. emulsifying and shearing at a high speed for 10 minutes, wherein the dispersion liquid can generate heat and foam in the shearing process, so that after shearing for 5 minutes, the dispersion liquid can be taken out and placed in cooling water for cooling and defoaming, and then shearing is continued;
d. and (3) ultrasonic dispersion, namely, the dispersion liquid generates heat and generates bubbles in the ultrasonic crushing process, so that the temperature on the display panel and the amount of the bubbles in the beaker need to be observed, the temperature is reduced and the bubbles are removed every 3-5 minutes, and the total ultrasonic time is not less than 30 minutes.
Stability of 2 nanofluids
2.1 stationary Observation of Nanofluids
The dispersion stability of the nanofluid can be preliminarily judged by a sedimentation observation method, wherein the stability is good when the sedimentation time is long, and the dispersion stability is poor when the sedimentation time is short.
FIG. 1a shows a carbon nanotube nanofluid with 2% mass fraction of carbon nanotubes, which is prepared by adding water dispersant TNWDIS, and subjecting the mixture to high-speed shearing for 10 minutes and ultrasonic oscillation for 2 hours. Fig. 2b shows the nanofluid after dissolving carbon nanotube powder directly in deionized water, stirring with a glass rod, and standing for a moment. As can be seen from the figure, the nano fluid prepared by the processes of high-speed shearing, ultrasonic crushing and the like has uniform black color and good stability; the nano fluid which is prepared by simple mixing and stirring without any preparation process has a large amount of suspended black particles in water and poor dispersion stability. From this, it is understood that the ultrasonic pulverization greatly contributes to the dispersion stability of the nanofluid.
2.2 particle size of Nanofluid particle and Zeta potential
2.2.1 Effect of ultrasonication time
The stability of the nanofluid can be characterized by testing the Zeta potential and the grain diameter of the fluid, the prepared nanofluid with the carbon nano tube mass fraction of 2% and different ultrasonic crushing time is selected, the Zeta potential and the grain diameter are tested, and the influence of the ultrasonic crushing time on the grain diameter and the Zeta potential in the preparation process is discussed.
FIG. 2 shows the particle size distribution of a carbon nanotube nanofluid prepared by adding water dispersant TNWDIS, wherein the particle diameter distribution is not concentrated and the average particle size reaches 54.52nm when the ultrasonic vibration time is 30min in FIG. 2a, and the particle size distribution is concentrated and the average value is 10.23nm when the ultrasonic vibration time reaches 2h and the particle size distribution is concentrated in FIG. 2 b. It can be seen that the average particle size of the nanoparticles gradually decreases and the particle size distribution becomes more concentrated as the ultrasonic pulverization time increases.
2.2.2 Effect of dispersants
FIG. 3 shows the effect of dispersant on particle size and Zeta potential of carbon nanotube fluid, and the preparation process includes high speed shearing for 10 min and ultrasonic crushing. For nanofluid, which is prepared by adding a dispersing agent and has the mass fraction of 2% (the adding amount of the dispersing agent is 20wt% of the adding amount of the carbon nano tubes), the particle size value is gradually reduced along with the increase of the ultrasonic vibration time within 1-3 h, the average particle size of carbon nano tube particles is 8.62nm at the minimum within about 1.5h, the change of the particle size value is small along with the increase of the ultrasonic vibration time, the Zeta potential shows the trend of increasing and then reducing, and the maximum value is-41.13 mV after about 1.5h of ultrasonic vibration; the addition of the dispersing agent has little influence on the particle size value of the newly prepared nano fluid, but has larger influence on the potential value, and the Zeta potential value of the nano fluid without the dispersing agent is relatively lower and is-31.39 mV, which shows that the mutual repulsion strength of particles is increased after the dispersing agent is added, so that the whole system is relatively more stable.
3 Heat conductivity
3.1 preparation method differences
The Hot Disk thermal constant analyzer is adopted in the test to test the thermal conductivity of different working media. In order to verify the accuracy of the test, the deionized water is firstly sampled and tested at the temperature of 20 ℃, the test result is 0.593W/mK, the test result is consistent with the data of 0.599W/mK in the literature, and the experimental instrument meets the measurement requirement. The test environment was 22 ℃ at room temperature and 49% indoor humidity.
FIG. 4 shows different preparation methods for SiO2The effect of the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid can be seen in the SiO produced by high pressure microfluidization2Nanofluid with SiO produced by ultrasonic pulverization2Compared with nanofluid, the heat conductivity coefficient is integrally increased, the average increasing amplitude is 2.89%, the two instruments are different in working principle, the high-pressure microfluid instrument is characterized in that the fluid completely enters a high-pressure shearing stage through a feed inlet and then flows out, an ultrasonic cell crusher transmits ultrasonic waves through an amplitude transformer to disperse liquid in a beaker, and the liquid does not uniformly flow through a dispersing device, so that the phenomenon of non-uniform particle dispersion is generated, the stability is relatively low, and therefore, compared with ultrasonic crushing, the high-pressure microfluid has better heat conductivity.
3.2 different kinds of Nanofluids
FIG. 5 shows the variation of thermal conductivity of different types of nanofluids with mass fraction, and the nanofluids are prepared by ultrasonic pulverization for 1.5 h. From the test results, SiO2SiO in a concentration of 0.1 wt%2The heat conductivity coefficient of the nano fluid is 0.615W/mK, the heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon nano tube nano fluid with the carbon nano tube concentration of 0.1 wt% is 0.672W/mK when SiO2When the concentration is increased to 5wt%, SiO2The heat conductivity coefficient of the nano fluid is increased to 0.631W/m.K, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon tube nano fluid with the carbon nano tube concentration of 5wt% is increased to 0.771W/m.K, which shows that the heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon tube nano fluid is obviously higher than that of water and SiO as a whole2This is because the material of carbon tube particles has much higher thermal conductivity than SiO2And water, and as the proportion of nanoparticles increases, carbonTube and SiO2The heat conductivity coefficient of the nanofluid is gradually increased, and the growth rate of the nanofluid is greater than that of the nanofluid.
3.3 dispersing Agents
FIG. 6 shows the influence of dispersant on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube nanofluid, the preparation process was carried out by ultrasonic pulverization for 1.5 h. It can be seen that the carbon nanotube nanofluid prepared by adding the water dispersant TNWDIS has a high overall thermal conductivity (the addition of the water dispersant TNWDIS is 20wt% of the mass of the carbon nanotube), and when the concentration of the carbon nanotube is 0.1 wt%, the thermal conductivity is increased by 4.8% compared with the carbon nanotube nanofluid without the dispersant; when the concentration of the carbon nano tube is 5wt%, the thermal conductivity coefficient is increased by 9.8%, which shows that the thermal conductivity coefficient growth rate is higher than that of the carbon nano tube without the dispersant, because the addition of the dispersant increases the repulsive force among particles in the nano fluid and the Zeta potential is increased, the stability and the dispersibility of the nano fluid are better, and the exertion of the thermal conductivity is more facilitated.
3.4 Effect of temperature
FIG. 7 shows the variation of thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube nanofluid with particle size under different temperature conditions, using ultrasonic pulverization method, for 1.5h at room temperature 20 deg.C and particle size 79nm, the thermal conductivity is 0.669W/m.K, when the particle size is 10nm, the thermal conductivity is 0.687W/m.K, which is increased by 2.4%, and it can be seen that the thermal conductivity gradually increases with the decrease of particle size; when the temperature of the fluid is increased from 20 ℃ to 60 ℃, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the fluid at 10nm is increased from 0.687W/m.K to 0.756W/m.K, and is increased by 10%, which indicates that the influence of the temperature on the thermal conductivity is larger, because the Brownian motion and the micro-convection effect among particles are enhanced due to the suspension along with the increase of the temperature, the collision frequency among the particles is increased, and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the particles is increased.
3.5 standing time
FIG. 8 shows the effect of the standing time on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube nanofluid, wherein the nanofluid was prepared by adding dispersant and ultrasonically pulverizing for 1.5h at room temperature of 22 deg.C. It can be seen that the thermal conductivity of the carbon nanotube nanofluid after being left for 15 days is slightly lower than that measured during new preparation, which indicates that the heat conductivity of the nanofluid is affected by the length of the left time, because the nanofluid is agglomerated after standing, the stability of the nanofluid is reduced, but the reduction range of the thermal conductivity is only 1%, thus the prepared carbon nanotube nanofluid has good stability, and the agglomeration phenomenon is not obvious in a short time.
4 heat exchange working medium optimization and field synergy analysis
In order to optimize a heat exchange working medium of a radiator in a Fresnel CPVT system and analyze the cooling performance of a micro-channel radiator by combining a field synergy theory, firstly, the field synergy of deionized water in the micro-channel radiator is analyzed. As can be seen from fig. 9, when the reynolds number of deionized water is increased from the extremely low reynolds number of 14.5 to 101.7, the field synergy angle is increased from 78.3 ° to 84.2 °, and it can be seen that the field synergy is good at the extremely low reynolds number, but the field synergy angle is increased rapidly in the extremely low reynolds number range, and the field synergy angle is already increased to 84 ° or more at the reynolds number of 100 or more. When the Reynolds number is extremely low, the corresponding flow velocity of water is small, the surface temperature of the solar cell is high, when the Reynolds number is 20, the surface temperature of the solar cell is 399K, the working temperature of the GaAs cell is generally 233.15K-373.15K (-40 ℃ -100 ℃), and obviously, the surface temperature of the cell exceeds the normal working range. Therefore, under the condition of high-power three-level condensation, the deionized water is used as the heat exchange working medium for heat dissipation of the battery chip in the CPVT system, and the effect is not ideal.
FIG. 10 shows the variation of field synergy angles with Reynolds numbers for different cooling media. It can be seen that the cooperativity of the heat exchange field is obviously improved after the nano particles are added into the water, and the field cooperativity of the carbon tube nano fluid is higher than that of Cu and SiO in a laminar flow state2β when the mass fraction is 1% and the Reynolds number is 15CNT＝65.13°，βCu＝74.54°，
β when the Reynolds number rises to 200CNT＝74.88°，βCu＝83.62°，
It can be seen that as the Reynolds number increases, the field synergy angles of the deionized water and the three nanofluid cooling working media are increased, the field synergy is reduced, and when Re is 200, SiO is2The field synergy angle of the carbon nanotube nanofluid and the Cu nanofluid is increased to more than 80 degrees, but the field synergy angle of the carbon nanotube nanofluid is still below 75 degrees, the increase is gentle, the field synergy is kept better, and the heat exchange performance is improved.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: before adding the carbon nano tube into the dispersant water solution, firstly carrying out activation treatment on the carbon nano tube: weighing carbon nanotubes, adding the carbon nanotubes into 50mL of sodium hydroxide solution, using 10mL of sodium hydroxide solution for every 0.03g of carbon nanotubes, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 8wt%, heating and evaporating to dryness under the condition of stirring, keeping the obtained solid at the constant temperature of 800 ℃ for 3 hours under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, and washing the obtained solid with distilled water until the washing liquid is neutral; drying the washed solid, and adding the dried solid into 100mL of ethanol-water solution of manganese sulfate; in an ethanol-water solution of manganese sulfate, the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1:8, the mass fraction of manganese sulfate is 20wt%, heating and refluxing are carried out for 5 hours, and after filtration, the obtained solid is washed by distilled water to remove manganese sulfate.
Under the same conditions, the thermal conductivity of the obtained carbon nanotube nanofluid is improved by at least 10%, and the thermal conductivity is reduced by less than 0.5% after the carbon nanotube nanofluid is placed for 15 days, so that the carbon nanotube on the market needs to be subjected to activation treatment.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that:
before adding the carbon nano tube into the dispersant water solution, firstly carrying out activation treatment on the carbon nano tube: weighing carbon nanotubes, adding the carbon nanotubes into 50mL of sodium hydroxide solution, using 10mL of sodium hydroxide solution for every 0.03g of carbon nanotubes, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 8wt%, heating and evaporating to dryness under the condition of stirring, keeping the obtained solid at the constant temperature of 800 ℃ for 3 hours under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, and washing the obtained solid with distilled water until the washing liquid is neutral; drying the washed solid, and adding the dried solid into 100mL of ethanol-water solution of manganese sulfate; in an ethanol-water solution of manganese sulfate, the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1:8, the mass fraction of manganese sulfate is 20wt%, heating and refluxing are carried out for 5 hours, and after filtration, the obtained solid is washed by distilled water to remove manganese sulfate.
Soaking the carbon nano tube washed with the manganese sulfate in the sorbitan laurate emulsion for 5-10 hours, wherein the volume ratio of the sorbitan laurate to water in the sorbitan laurate emulsion is 1: 5-10.
Under the same other conditions, the thermal conductivity of the obtained carbon nanotube nanofluid is improved by at least 20%, and the reduction range of the thermal conductivity after the carbon nanotube nanofluid is placed for 15 days is lower than 0.2%.
Conclusion
The invention is to SiO2And carbon tube nanometer fluid is prepared, the change rule of the basic thermophysical property is researched through experiments, and the heat transfer working medium in the micro-channel is optimized by combining the field synergy theory, and the research conclusion is as follows:
(1) the ultrasonic crushing time has certain influence on the particle size and the Zeta potential of the nano fluid, the average particle size of the nano particles is gradually reduced along with the increase of the ultrasonic crushing time in a certain range, the distribution of the particle size is more and more concentrated, and the Zeta potential is gradually increased. When the ultrasonic vibration time of the carbon tube nano fluid with the mass fraction of 2 wt% is 30min, the particle diameter distribution is not concentrated, the average particle diameter reaches 54.52nm, the ultrasonic vibration time reaches 2h, the particle diameter distribution is concentrated, and the average value is 10.23 nm; at about 1.5h, the average particle diameter of the carbon nanotube particles was 8.62nm at the minimum, at which time the Zeta potential reached a maximum of-41.13 mV.
(2) The addition of the TNWDIS dispersing agent has little influence on the particle size value of the nano fluid, but has larger influence on the potential value, the Zeta potential maximum value of the nano fluid with the dispersing agent is-41.13 mV, and the Zeta potential value of the nano fluid without the dispersing agent is relatively lower and is-31.39 mV.
(3) The heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon tube nano fluid is obviously higher than that of SiO2SiO in a concentration of 0.1 wt%2The heat conductivity coefficient of the nano fluid is 0.615W/mK, the heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon tube nano fluid is 0.672W/mK, and when the concentration is increased to 5 percent, SiO2The heat conductivity coefficient of the nano fluid is increased to 0.631W/mK, the heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon tube is increased to 0.771W/mK, and the carbon tube and the SiO are increased along with the increase of the share of the nano particles2The heat conductivity coefficient of the nanofluid is gradually increased, and the growth rate of the nanofluid is greater than that of the nanofluid. Different preparation methods have certain influence on the heat-conducting property of the nanofluid, and the SiO prepared by a high-pressure micro-jet nano-disperser2The nanofluid, compared to that prepared by ultrasonic pulverization, had an overall increase in thermal conductivity of not more than 2.89%.
(4) The thermal conductivity of the carbon nanotube nanofluid is proportional to the temperature thereof and inversely proportional to the particle size of the particles. The heat conductivity coefficient of the nanofluid with the particle size of 85nm is increased by 2.4 percent compared with that of 10nm at the temperature of 20 ℃, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the nanofluid with the particle size of 10nm is increased by 10 percent compared with that of the nanofluid with the particle size of 20 ℃ at the temperature of 60 ℃; the heat conductivity of the nanofluid after being placed for 15 days at the temperature of 20 ℃ is remarkably reduced compared with that of a freshly prepared nanofluid, and the reduction amplitude is increased along with the increase of the concentration.
(5) After the nano particles are added into water, the cooperativity of the heat exchange field is obviously improved, and the field cooperativity of the carbon tube nano fluid is higher than that of Cu and SiO in a laminar flow state2A nanofluid. When the mass fraction is 1 percent and the Reynolds number is 15, the carbon tube nano fluid, the Cu nano fluid and the SiO2The field cooperating angles of the nanofluids are 65.13 °, 74.54 ° and 77.84 °, respectively.
(6) The carbon nano-tube is activated, especially soaked after being activated, which is beneficial to improving the heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon nano-tube fluid.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation process of the carbon tube nanofluid is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing raw materials: weighing the carbon nano tube, the TNWDIS water dispersing agent and deionized water for later use, and dissolving the TNWDIS water dispersing agent in base liquid water to form a dispersing agent water solution; the amount of the TNWDIS water dispersant is 15-25wt% of the mass of the carbon nano tube; the amount of the carbon nano tube is 0.5-5wt% of the total mass of the carbon nano fluid; the base liquid water is deionized water, and the dosage of the base liquid water is limited by being capable of just dissolving the TNWDIS water dispersant;
(2) adding the carbon nano tube into a dispersant aqueous solution, adding deionized water, and stirring; before adding the carbon nano tube into the dispersant water solution, firstly carrying out activation treatment on the carbon nano tube: weighing carbon nanotubes, adding the carbon nanotubes into 50mL of sodium hydroxide solution, using 10mL of sodium hydroxide solution for every 0.03g of carbon nanotubes, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 8wt%, heating and evaporating to dryness under the condition of stirring, keeping the obtained solid at the constant temperature of 800 ℃ for 3 hours under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, and washing the obtained solid with distilled water until the washing liquid is neutral; drying the washed solid, and adding the dried solid into 100mL of ethanol-water solution of manganese sulfate; in an ethanol-water solution of manganese sulfate, the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1:8, the mass fraction of manganese sulfate is 20wt%, heating and refluxing are carried out for 5 hours, and after filtration, the obtained solid is washed by distilled water to remove manganese sulfate;
(3) emulsifying and shearing;
(4) and (4) ultrasonic dispersion.
2. The process for producing a carbon nanotube nanofluid according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2): soaking the carbon nano tube washed with the manganese sulfate in the sorbitan laurate emulsion for 5-10 hours, wherein the volume ratio of the sorbitan laurate to water in the sorbitan laurate emulsion is 1: 5-10.
3. The process for producing a carbon nanotube nanofluid according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1): the dissolving of the TNWDIS water dispersant is assisted by a water bath heating method, and the water bath temperature is 50-70 ℃.
4. The process for producing a carbon nanotube nanofluid according to claim 1, wherein in step (3): and after emulsifying and shearing for 10 minutes, taking the dispersion out, standing in cooling water, cooling, defoaming, and continuing shearing until the carbon nano tubes are uniformly dispersed.
5. The process for producing a carbon nanotube nanofluid according to claim 1, wherein in step (4): and after 3-5 minutes of ultrasonic dispersion, cooling and removing bubbles, wherein the total ultrasonic time is accumulated for 1-3 hours.
6. The process for producing a carbon nanotube nanofluid according to claim 5, wherein in the step (4): and (4) cooling and removing bubbles after ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 3-5 minutes, and the total ultrasonic time is accumulated to be 1.5 hours.
7. The process for preparing a carbon nanotube nanofluid according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the carbon nano tube, the TNWDIS water dispersing agent and the deionized water by using an electronic balance, wherein the using amount of the water dispersing agent is 20 percent of the mass of the carbon nano tube, dissolving the TNWIDS water dispersing agent in base liquid water, and simultaneously adopting a water bath heating method to assist the dissolution, wherein the water bath heating temperature is less than or equal to 70 ℃;
(2) adding carbon nano tube powder into a dispersant aqueous solution, adding into deionized water, and stirring by using a glass rod to ensure that the carbon nano tube is completely immersed into the dispersant aqueous solution;
(3) after emulsifying and shearing for 10 minutes, taking out the dispersion liquid, standing in cooling water, cooling, defoaming, and continuing shearing until the carbon nano tubes are uniformly dispersed;
(4) ultrasonic dispersion: and after carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3-5 minutes, cooling and removing bubbles, wherein the total ultrasonic treatment time is more than or equal to 30 minutes.
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