CN107362648B - An industrial air purification system - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于大气污染物治理领域，具体涉及无组织排放场所产生的粉尘净化除尘技术领域，特别是涉及一种工业用空气净化系统。The invention belongs to the field of air pollutant control, specifically relates to the technical field of dust purification and dust removal generated in unorganized discharge places, and in particular relates to an industrial air purification system.
背景技术Background technique
工业生产(冶金、开采、机械制造、耐火材料加工、纺织、包装等行业)过程中形成的生产性粉尘，能够长时间浮游于作业场所空气中，是污染作业环境、损害劳动者健康的重要的职业病危害因素，可引起包括尘肺在内的多种职业性肺部疾病。“十三五”期间，环保部决定对钢铁、建材、有色、火电、锅炉、焦化等行业的污染物排放标准和《大气污染物综合排放标准》进行修订，增加“无组织排放控制措施”，保证生产过程粉尘排放达到国家环保和安全卫生标准。The productive dust formed in the process of industrial production (metallurgy, mining, machinery manufacturing, refractory material processing, textile, packaging, etc.) can float in the air of the workplace for a long time, which is an important factor that pollutes the working environment and damages the health of workers. Occupational hazards can cause a variety of occupational lung diseases including pneumoconiosis. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the Ministry of Environmental Protection decided to revise the pollutant discharge standards for iron and steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, thermal power, boilers, coking and other industries and the "Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants", adding "unorganized emission control measures", Ensure that the dust emission in the production process meets the national environmental protection and safety and health standards.
无组织排放主要是大气污染物不通过排气筒，或者排气筒低于15米的无规则排放，其广泛存在于钢铁、采石场、冶金、电厂、堆场等工业领域，作业场所物料堆放、开放式输送管道、挥发性气体泄漏等都会造成无组织排放污染问题。现有的无组织排放处理措施主要以下几种：①各类颗粒团聚技术促进颗粒自然沉降，如CN201310732184.6公开的一种无组织排放超细颗粒粉尘泡沫干雾抑尘工艺，CN201310128862.8公开的一种水雾除尘器以及CN201620392970.5公开的一种生物纳膜抑尘脱硫除尘装置；②过滤技术，代表性的有如CN201610080302.3公开的过滤组件、过滤装置及除尘装置，CN201310671444.3公开的一种工业废气过滤除尘器，以及CN201410693729.1公开的一种电炉排烟除尘装置；③静电除尘技术，如CN201320497675.2公开的一种屋顶式静电除尘排风装置，以及CN201310328223.6公开的一种工业废气静电除尘器等。Unorganized emissions are mainly the irregular discharge of air pollutants that do not pass through the exhaust pipe, or the exhaust pipe is less than 15 meters. Stacking, open pipelines, volatile gas leakage, etc. will all cause fugitive emission pollution problems. The existing unorganized emission treatment measures are mainly as follows: ①All kinds of particle agglomeration technologies promote the natural settlement of particles, such as a kind of fugitive emission of ultrafine particle dust foam dry fog dust suppression technology disclosed in CN201310732184.6, disclosed in CN201310128862.8 A kind of water mist dust collector and a kind of biological nanofilm dust suppression desulfurization dedusting device disclosed in CN201620392970.5; ② Filtration technology, the representative filter assembly, filter device and dust removal device disclosed in CN201610080302.3, CN201310671444.3 disclosed A kind of industrial exhaust gas filter and dust collector, and a kind of electric furnace smoke exhaust dust removal device disclosed in CN201410693729.1; ③ electrostatic dust removal technology, such as a roof type electrostatic dust removal exhaust device disclosed in CN201320497675. An electrostatic precipitator for industrial waste gas, etc.
无组织排放处理措施中，工业静电除尘器以其低压损、高效率低运行成本等优点在各类大型工业生产过程尤其冶金、铸造行业得到广泛应用。但静电除尘设备普遍采用间隔机械振打清灰方式以保证设备安全运行，例如专利申请CN201310328223.6一种工业废气静电除尘器、CN200420017200.X矿热炉屋顶电除尘装置。然而，静电除尘器使用中及采用机械振打清灰期间易发生颗粒二次返混排入大气，导致设备出口颗粒排放超标，或者虽然有少数采用湿式清灰，但清灰过程中存在设备间断运行和冲洗废液排放问题，同时设备大多采用钢结构件、设备重、体积庞大，占地面积大，静电除尘效率也有待进一步提高。Among fugitive emission treatment measures, industrial electrostatic precipitators are widely used in various large-scale industrial production processes, especially metallurgy and foundry industries, due to their low pressure loss, high efficiency and low operating costs. However, electrostatic precipitators generally adopt the method of interval mechanical vibration to remove dust to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. For example, patent application CN201310328223.6 is an electrostatic precipitator for industrial waste gas, and CN200420017200.X is an electric precipitator for the roof of an ore arc furnace. However, during the use of the electrostatic precipitator and the use of mechanical vibration to clean the dust, the particles are prone to secondary back-mixing and discharged into the atmosphere, resulting in excessive particle discharge at the equipment outlet, or although a small number of wet cleaning methods are used, there are equipment interruptions during the cleaning process Operation and flushing waste liquid discharge problems. At the same time, most of the equipment adopts steel structure parts, heavy equipment, bulky, and occupies a large area. The efficiency of electrostatic dust removal needs to be further improved.
此外，钢铁、冶金工业生产过程产生的粉尘，例如球团生产中原料贮运、原料破碎、配料混料、破碎筛分等过程产生的粉尘，分析结果表明：逸散到大气中粉尘浓度瞬时可高达几十克～几百克/立方米，颗粒粒度分布1～1000微米，铁精粉含量高达90％，这部分粉尘以无组织排放进入大气不仅造成污染，而且造成资源浪费和成本损失，如若能予以回收利用，对于降低吨矿成本具有较大的降耗潜力。In addition, the dust generated in the production process of iron and steel and metallurgical industries, such as the dust generated in the process of raw material storage and transportation, raw material crushing, batching and mixing, crushing and screening in the production of pellets, the analysis results show that the concentration of dust in the atmosphere can be reduced instantly As high as tens of grams to several hundred grams per cubic meter, the particle size distribution is 1 to 1000 microns, and the content of iron powder is as high as 90%. This part of dust enters the atmosphere through unorganized discharge, which not only causes pollution, but also causes resource waste and cost loss. If It can be recycled and has great potential for reducing consumption per ton of ore cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
对于无组织排放防控面临的技术问题，本发明针对钢铁、采石场、冶金、电厂、堆场等工业领域的不同行业无组织排放烟尘成分和构成特性，提出简单可行易操作的颗粒控制措施以及粉尘回收利用工艺，这对于大幅削减无组织排放，切实改善生产作业环境，有效提升能源利用效率，促进环境空气质量提升具有重要意义。For the technical problems faced by fugitive emission prevention and control, the present invention proposes simple, feasible and easy-to-operate particle control measures for the composition and composition characteristics of fugitive emission smoke and dust in different industries such as iron and steel, quarry, metallurgy, power plant, storage yard, etc. And the dust recycling process, which is of great significance for greatly reducing fugitive emissions, effectively improving the production and operating environment, effectively improving energy utilization efficiency, and promoting the improvement of ambient air quality.
本发明的目的之一是针对上述工业生产过程产生的无组织排放烟尘主要物化及粒度分布特性，提出了一种工业用空气净化系统。本发明采用百叶窗+高效分离槽板+静电一体化三级颗粒捕获方法，提出喷淋+液膜冲洗两级颗粒清灰工艺，最终实现工业生产过程无组织烟尘的高效捕获，彻底改善作业环境。One of the objectives of the present invention is to propose an industrial air purification system aiming at the main physical and chemical properties and particle size distribution characteristics of the unorganized emission smoke produced in the above-mentioned industrial production process. The invention adopts the three-stage particle capture method of louver + high-efficiency separation tank plate + electrostatic integration, and proposes a two-stage particle cleaning process of spraying + liquid film washing, finally realizes the efficient capture of unorganized smoke and dust in the industrial production process, and thoroughly improves the working environment.
本发明的目的之二是针对上述工业生产过程产生的无组织排放烟尘在防控除尘基础上的资源化利用问题，提供一种工业用空气净化系统，在“百叶窗+高效分离槽板+静电一体化三级颗粒捕获”以及“喷淋+液膜冲洗两级颗粒清灰”的基础上，进一步采用“过滤提浓+压滤颗粒原料回收”实现粉尘颗粒资源化利用并工业水循环利用。The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of industrial air purification system for the resource utilization of the unorganized emission smoke and dust produced in the above-mentioned industrial production process on the basis of prevention and control and dust removal. On the basis of "three-stage particle capture" and "spray + liquid film flushing two-stage particle cleaning", "filtration concentration + filter press particle raw material recovery" is further adopted to realize resource utilization of dust particles and industrial water recycling.
本发明的目的之三在于上述工业用空气净化系统的应用。The third object of the present invention is the application of the above-mentioned industrial air purification system.
具体的，本发明公开了一下技术方案：Specifically, the present invention discloses the following technical solutions:
首先，本发明公开了一种工业用空气净化系统，包括多效除尘装置、冲洗装置，多效除尘装置包括百叶窗除尘段、高效分离槽板除尘段、静电除尘单元，底部设置用于收集废液的废液收集结构；多效除尘装置还包括风机，风机设置在多效除尘装置的气体入口或气体出口位置，含粉尘气体依次经百叶窗除尘段、高效分离槽板除尘段、静电除尘单元进行除尘；冲洗装置包括喷淋冲洗装置和水膜冲洗装置，喷淋冲洗装置通过喷淋方式，将百叶窗除尘段和高效分离槽板除尘段粘附的颗粒冲洗至多效除尘装置底部的废液收集结构，水膜冲洗装置采用持续液滴浸润静电除尘单元的阳极板的方式，形成均匀冲洗水膜将捕获到阳极板的颗粒冲洗至废液收集结构中。First, the invention discloses an industrial air purification system, which includes a multi-effect dust removal device and a flushing device. The multi-effect dust removal device includes a louver dust removal section, a high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section, and an electrostatic dust removal unit. The bottom is used to collect waste liquid The waste liquid collection structure; the multi-effect dust removal device also includes a fan, which is set at the gas inlet or gas outlet of the multi-effect dust removal device, and the dust-containing gas passes through the louver dust removal section, the high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section, and the electrostatic dust removal unit for dust removal. The flushing device includes a spray flushing device and a water film flushing device. The spray flushing device flushes the particles adhered to the dust removal section of the louver and the dust removal section of the high-efficiency separation tank plate to the waste liquid collection structure at the bottom of the multi-effect dust removal device by spraying. The water film flushing device adopts the method of continuous droplet infiltration of the anode plate of the electrostatic precipitator unit to form a uniform flushing water film to flush the particles captured on the anode plate into the waste liquid collection structure.
高效分离槽板除尘段由多排同规格槽钢交错排列而成，槽钢开口方向一致，同排槽钢等距排列，同排相邻两个槽钢的间距小于或等于槽钢的腰高，上下层槽钢的距离小于或等于槽钢的腿宽。The high-efficiency separation channel plate dust removal section is composed of multiple rows of channel steels of the same specification staggered. The opening direction of the channel steels is the same. The distance between the upper and lower channel steel is less than or equal to the leg width of the channel steel.
优选的，静电除尘单元还包括扩高压发生器，如高压电源。Preferably, the electrostatic precipitator unit further includes an expanded voltage generator, such as a high voltage power supply.
优选的，喷淋冲洗装置由水泵、阀门、喷淋管、喷嘴构成，喷淋管包括主管和多个支管，支管上安装有喷嘴。Preferably, the spray flushing device is composed of a water pump, a valve, a spray pipe, and a nozzle. The spray pipe includes a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes, and nozzles are installed on the branch pipes.
优选的，水膜冲洗装置包括水膜冲洗主管、阳极布水管，水膜冲洗主管与若干阳极布水管相连通，阳极布水管底部设有出水孔，出水孔出水浸润静电除尘单元的阳极板，形成均匀冲洗水膜将捕获到阳极板的颗粒进行冲洗。Preferably, the water film flushing device comprises a water film flushing main pipe and an anode water distribution pipe, the water film flushing main pipe is connected with several anode water distribution pipes, a water outlet hole is provided at the bottom of the anode water distribution pipe, and water from the water outlet hole infiltrates the anode plate of the electrostatic precipitator unit to form The uniform flushing water film will flush the particles trapped on the anode plate.
优选的，废液收集结构为废液槽。此外，废液收集结构还设有电加热装置，用于防治冬季废液冻结。Preferably, the waste liquid collecting structure is a waste liquid tank. In addition, the waste liquid collection structure is also equipped with an electric heating device to prevent the waste liquid from freezing in winter.
风机优选的为斜流风机。优选的，斜流风机设置在多效除尘装置的气体出口位置。The fan is preferably a diagonal flow fan. Preferably, the diagonal flow fan is arranged at the gas outlet position of the multi-effect dust removal device.
优选的，多效除尘装置中百叶窗除尘段、高效分离槽板除尘段、静电除尘单元自下而上设置，气体在多效除尘装置内自下而上流动，除尘效果更优。Preferably, in the multi-effect dust removal device, the louver dust removal section, the high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section, and the electrostatic dust removal unit are arranged from bottom to top, and the gas flows in the multi-effect dust removal device from bottom to top, so that the dust removal effect is better.
其次，本发明公开的工业用空气净化系统，还包括废液浓缩装置、压滤装置、清液循环管路，废液收集结构通过废液浓缩装置进行浓缩，然后经压滤装置处理，滤饼回收资源化利用，废液浓缩装置和压滤装置产生的清液经清液循环管路返回至冲洗装置进行循环利用。Secondly, the industrial air purification system disclosed in the present invention also includes a waste liquid concentration device, a filter press device, and a clear liquid circulation pipeline. The waste liquid collection structure is concentrated by the waste liquid concentration device, and then processed by the filter press device, and the filter cake Recycling and resource utilization, the clear liquid produced by the waste liquid concentration device and the filter press device is returned to the flushing device through the clear liquid circulation pipeline for recycling.
优选的，针对粉尘废液的特点，本发明采用多管过滤器进行废液的浓缩，多管过滤器由废液泵、过滤器、浓液排出管、反冲洗泵构成，。Preferably, in view of the characteristics of dusty waste liquid, the present invention uses a multi-tube filter to concentrate the waste liquid. The multi-tube filter is composed of a waste liquid pump, a filter, a concentrated liquid discharge pipe, and a backwash pump.
优选的，压滤装置为板框压滤机，分离出的滤饼进入原料仓进行资源化回收。Preferably, the filter press device is a plate and frame filter press, and the separated filter cake enters the raw material warehouse for recycling.
优选的，本发明公开的工业用空气净化系统，还包括集中控制系统，水膜冲洗装置、喷淋冲洗装置、电加热装置、废液浓缩装置、压滤装置、风机均可按照预先设置条件通过集中控制系统实现自动启停。Preferably, the industrial air purification system disclosed in the present invention also includes a centralized control system, water film flushing device, spray flushing device, electric heating device, waste liquid concentrating device, filter press device, and fan can pass through according to preset conditions The centralized control system realizes automatic start and stop.
此外，本发明还公开了上述工业用空气净化系统在除尘及粉尘资源化回收利用中的应用。In addition, the present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned industrial air purification system in dust removal and dust recycling.
基于该应用，本发明公开了一种无组织排放烟尘的控制工艺，其采用上述工业用空气净化系统，其特征在于：Based on this application, the present invention discloses a control process for unorganized emission of smoke and dust, which adopts the above-mentioned industrial air purification system, and is characterized in that:
无组织排放烟尘随环境气流在风机的吸风或吹风作用下，进入多效除尘装置的入口处；Unorganized exhaust smoke and dust enter the entrance of the multi-effect dust removal device under the suction or blowing action of the fan with the ambient airflow;
在百叶窗除尘段将50微米以上颗粒物拦截在设备进口处实现一级除尘；In the louver dust removal section, particles above 50 microns are intercepted at the equipment inlet to achieve first-level dust removal;
经百叶窗除尘段后的含尘气流流经高效分离槽板除尘段，将10微米以上颗粒物拦截在静电除尘单元的静电场前进行二级除尘；The dust-laden air after passing through the louver dust removal section flows through the high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section, and intercepts particles above 10 microns in front of the electrostatic field of the electrostatic dust removal unit for secondary dust removal;
残余较细颗粒物进入静电除尘单元的静电场，在高压电源的作用下，细颗粒物荷电后在电场力的作用下运动到阳极表面被高效捕获，实现三级除尘，处理后的气流满足清洁排放要求进行排放；The residual fine particles enter the electrostatic field of the electrostatic precipitator unit. Under the action of high-voltage power supply, the fine particles are charged and moved to the surface of the anode under the action of the electric field force to be efficiently captured, realizing three-stage dust removal, and the treated airflow meets clean discharge requirements. require discharge;
百叶窗除尘段和高效分离槽板除尘段捕获的灰尘颗粒物，通过喷淋冲洗装置喷出的冲洗水冲洗至废液收集结构中；静电除尘单元阳极上的灰尘颗粒物被水膜冲洗装置冲洗到废液收集结构中，实现废液汇集。The dust particles captured by the louver dust removal section and the high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section are washed into the waste liquid collection structure by the flushing water sprayed by the spray flushing device; the dust particles on the anode of the electrostatic precipitator unit are washed into the waste liquid by the water film flushing device In the collection structure, the collection of waste liquid is realized.
优选的，所述无组织排放烟尘的控制工艺还包括：废液收集结构中汇集的废液通过废液浓缩装置被初步提浓，浓液浓度约为10-20％，提浓处理后的清液接入水膜冲洗装置的入口，进行循环利用，浓液进入压滤装置，分离出的滤饼进入原料仓进行资源化回收利用，压滤装置分离出的清液接入水膜冲洗装置的入口进行循环利用。Preferably, the control process of fugitive emission of smoke and dust also includes: the waste liquid collected in the waste liquid collection structure is initially concentrated by the waste liquid concentration device, the concentration of the concentrated liquid is about 10-20%, and the clear liquid after the concentration treatment The liquid is connected to the inlet of the water film washing device for recycling, the concentrated liquid enters the filter press device, the separated filter cake enters the raw material warehouse for resource recycling, and the clear liquid separated by the filter press device is connected to the water film washing device. The entrance is recycled.
本发明取得了以下有益效果：The present invention has obtained following beneficial effect:
(1)无组织排放烟尘经本发明工业用空气净化系统处理后，设备出口无超标排放，无二次扬尘，气体满足烟气清洁排放要求。本发明采用百叶窗+高效分离槽板+静电一体化三级颗粒捕获方法，利用百叶窗将粒径50微米以上颗粒物拦截在设备进口内，采用高效分离槽板将10微米以上颗粒物拦截在静电场前，残余较细颗粒物进入静电场被高效捕获，通过合理设置的逐级降尘方式，使得设备出口无超标排放，而且通过喷淋+液膜冲洗两级颗粒清灰工艺，进一步抑尘降低了设备出口粉尘溢出及可能产生的超标排放。(1) Unorganized emission of smoke and dust after being treated by the industrial air purification system of the present invention, there is no excessive emission at the equipment outlet, no secondary dust, and the gas meets the requirements for clean emission of flue gas. The present invention adopts the louver+high-efficiency separation trough+electrostatic integrated three-stage particle capture method, uses the louver to intercept particles with a particle size of 50 microns or more in the equipment inlet, and uses a high-efficiency separation trough to intercept particles with a particle size of 10 microns or more before the electrostatic field. Residual fine particles enter the electrostatic field and are efficiently captured. Through the reasonable setting of the step-by-step dust reduction method, the equipment outlet does not exceed the standard discharge, and through the two-stage particle cleaning process of spraying + liquid film washing, the dust is further suppressed and the dust at the equipment outlet is reduced. Spills and possible excess emissions.
(2)本发明针对无组织排放烟尘的特点进行设计除尘，除尘效率高。本发明设置逐级降尘方式并有效的清灰工艺，初始含尘气流(浓度几十克～几百克/立方米)经百叶窗除尘段处理后气流(浓度几百毫克～几克/立方米)进入高效分离槽板除尘段，将10微米以上的颗粒物拦截下来，此时的气流(浓度几十毫克～几百毫克/立方米)更有利于静电除尘单元的有效静电吸附除尘(不仅避免了阳极板过度积灰，而且降低了风速、相对延长了粉尘在静电场的停留时间，并且降低粉尘浓度、粒度对电晕特性的影响，提升阳极板收尘效率)。(2) The present invention is designed to remove dust according to the characteristics of unorganized emission of smoke and dust, and the dust removal efficiency is high. The present invention is equipped with a step-by-step dust reduction method and an effective dust removal process. The initial dust-laden airflow (concentration of tens of grams to hundreds of grams/cubic meter) is treated by the louver dust removal section and the airflow (concentration of several hundred milligrams to several grams/cubic meter) Enter the dust removal section of the high-efficiency separation tank plate, and intercept the particles above 10 microns. The plate is excessively dusted, and the wind speed is reduced, the residence time of the dust in the electrostatic field is relatively prolonged, and the influence of the dust concentration and particle size on the corona characteristics is reduced, and the dust collection efficiency of the anode plate is improved).
(3)本发明的三级除尘工艺并两级清灰工艺，设备简单高效，一体化程度高，装置轻便，可布置在生产场所的顶部、侧墙、外部或内部，避免了现有除尘设备重、体积庞大的问题；在提升颗粒物总的捕获效率的基础上，进一步的降低后续静电场的工作负荷，降低了工业耗能。(3) The three-stage dust removal process and the two-stage dust removal process of the present invention have simple and efficient equipment, a high degree of integration, and a portable device that can be arranged on the top, side wall, outside or inside of the production site, avoiding the need for existing dust removal equipment Heavy and bulky problems; on the basis of improving the overall capture efficiency of particulate matter, it further reduces the workload of the subsequent electrostatic field and reduces industrial energy consumption.
(4)本发明不仅有效的实现了无组织排放烟尘的控制，而且结合本发明除尘、清灰工艺的特点，通过过滤提浓+压滤颗粒原料回收工艺，实现了粉尘颗粒(尤其是钢铁、冶金工业生产过程产生的粉尘，例如球团生产中原料贮运、原料破碎、配料混料、破碎筛分等过程产生的粉尘)的资源化回收利用，并进一步实现了部分水处理的循环利用，贴合工业生产实际，具备广阔的市场应用前景。(4) The present invention not only effectively realizes the control of unorganized emission of smoke and dust, but also combines the characteristics of the present invention's dedusting and ash removal process, and realizes dust particles (especially steel, iron and steel, etc.) The dust generated in the production process of the metallurgical industry, such as the dust generated in the process of raw material storage and transportation, raw material crushing, batching and mixing, crushing and screening in the production of pellets), is recycled and utilized, and further realizes the recycling of part of the water treatment, It fits the actual industrial production and has broad market application prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1实施例1工业用空气净化系统示意图Fig. 1 embodiment 1 industrial air cleaning system schematic diagram
图2实施例2工业用空气净化系统示意图Fig. 2 embodiment 2 industrial air purification system schematic diagram
图3高效分离槽板除尘段截面及流场示意图Figure 3 Schematic diagram of cross-section and flow field of dust removal section of high-efficiency separation tank plate
图中1为斜流风机、2为静电除尘单元、3为高压电源、4为高效分离槽板除尘段、5为百叶窗除尘段、6为废液槽、7为电加热装置、8为废液泵、9为水膜冲洗装置、10为喷淋冲洗装置、11为水泵、12为多管过滤器、13为泥浆泵、14为压滤机。In the figure, 1 is a diagonal flow fan, 2 is an electrostatic precipitator unit, 3 is a high-voltage power supply, 4 is a high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section, 5 is a louver dust removal section, 6 is a waste liquid tank, 7 is an electric heating device, and 8 is a waste liquid Pump, 9 is a water film washing device, 10 is a spray washing device, 11 is a water pump, 12 is a multi-tube filter, 13 is a mud pump, and 14 is a filter press.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明列举实施例如下,对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The present invention enumerates the following examples to further describe the present invention in detail, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and changes, and within the spirit and principle of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement, etc., should be included in the protection scope of the present invention within.
诚如本发明背景技术所述，对于无组织排放防控面临的技术问题，本发明针对钢铁、采石场、冶金、电厂、堆场等工业领域的不同行业无组织排放烟尘成分和构成特性，提出简单可行易操作的颗粒控制措施以及粉尘回收利用工艺。As stated in the background technology of the present invention, for the technical problems faced by the prevention and control of fugitive emissions, the present invention is aimed at the components and composition characteristics of fugitive emissions from different industries in the industrial fields of iron and steel, quarries, metallurgy, power plants, and storage yards. Put forward simple, feasible and easy-to-operate particle control measures and dust recycling process.
本发明的一个具体实施方式公开了一种工业用空气净化系统，包括多效除尘装置、冲洗装置，多效除尘装置包括百叶窗除尘段、高效分离槽板除尘段、静电除尘单元，底部设置用于收集废液的废液收集结构；多效除尘装置还包括风机，风机设置在多效除尘装置的气体入口或气体出口位置，含粉尘气体依次经百叶窗除尘段、高效分离槽板除尘段、静电除尘单元进行除尘；冲洗装置包括喷淋冲洗装置和水膜冲洗装置，喷淋冲洗装置通过喷淋方式，将百叶窗除尘段和高效分离槽板除尘段粘附的颗粒冲洗至多效除尘装置底部的废液收集结构，水膜冲洗装置采用持续液滴浸润静电除尘单元的阳极板的方式，形成均匀冲洗水膜将捕获到阳极板的颗粒冲洗至废液收集结构中。A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses an industrial air purification system, including a multi-effect dust removal device and a flushing device. The multi-effect dust removal device includes a louver dust removal section, a high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section, and an electrostatic dust removal unit. The waste liquid collection structure for collecting waste liquid; the multi-effect dust removal device also includes a fan, which is set at the gas inlet or gas outlet of the multi-effect dust removal device, and the dust-containing gas passes through the shutter dust removal section, the high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section, and the electrostatic dust removal The unit performs dust removal; the flushing device includes a spray flushing device and a water film flushing device. The spray flushing device flushes the particles adhered to the dust removal section of the louver and the dust removal section of the high-efficiency separation tank plate to the waste liquid at the bottom of the multi-effect dust removal device by spraying The collection structure, the water film flushing device adopts the method of continuous droplet infiltration of the anode plate of the electrostatic precipitator unit, forming a uniform flushing water film to flush the particles captured on the anode plate into the waste liquid collection structure.
本发明所述百叶窗除尘段为百叶窗惯性除尘器，通过含粉尘气流冲击在百叶窗挡板上，气流方向发生急剧转变，借助尘粒本身的惯性力作用，使其与气流分离。本发明百叶窗除尘段可将50微米以上颗粒物拦截，初步处理使得浓度几十克～几百克/立方米含尘气流净化至浓度几百毫克～几克/立方米的含尘气流，处理过程压力损失较小。The louver dust removal section of the present invention is a louver inertial dust collector. When the dust-containing airflow impacts on the louver baffle, the direction of the airflow changes sharply, and is separated from the airflow by virtue of the inertial force of the dust particles themselves. The dust removal section of the louver of the present invention can intercept particles above 50 microns, and the preliminary treatment makes the dusty airflow with a concentration of tens of grams to several hundred grams per cubic meter purified to a dusty airflow with a concentration of several hundred milligrams to several grams per cubic meter. The loss is small.
高效分离槽板除尘段由多排同规格槽钢交错排列而成，槽钢开口方向一致，同排相邻两个槽钢的间距小于或等于槽钢的腰高，上下层槽钢的距离小于或等于槽钢的腿宽，以使气体通过同排相邻两个槽钢的间隙时遇到另一排交错排列的槽钢从而产生气流转向，借助惯性力、离心力的作用，使得粉尘颗粒分离，其截面及流场示意图如图3所示。The high-efficiency separation channel plate dust removal section is composed of multiple rows of channel steel with the same specification staggered. The opening direction of the channel steel is consistent. The distance between two adjacent channel steels in the same row is less than or equal to the waist height of the channel steel. It is equal to the leg width of the channel steel, so that when the gas passes through the gap between two adjacent channel steels in the same row, it encounters another row of staggered channel steel to cause the airflow to divert. With the help of inertial force and centrifugal force, the dust particles are separated. Its cross-section and flow field diagram are shown in Figure 3.
本发明新设计的高效分离槽板除尘段是一种高效的惯性除尘器，其独特的凹槽结构使得气流转向性更强，其相较于常规的反转式惯性除尘器，对于净化密度和粒径稍大的金属或矿物性粉尘(10～20μm以上)除尘效果良好，尤其是在本发明百叶窗除尘段已进行一级除尘的基础上，其对于10-50μm范围内的颗粒粉尘净化效率可达90％以上。本发明高效分离槽板除尘段压力损失100～300Pa，降低了粉尘气体风速，以便后续静电场除尘相对延长粉尘在静电场的停留时间、提升静电除尘效率。The newly designed high-efficiency separation groove plate dust removal section of the present invention is a high-efficiency inertial dust collector. Its unique groove structure makes the airflow more divergent. Compared with the conventional reverse inertial dust collector, it is better for purification density and Metallic or mineral dust (above 10-20 μm) with a slightly larger particle size has a good dust removal effect, especially on the basis of the first-level dust removal in the louver dust removal section of the present invention, its purification efficiency for particle dust within the range of 10-50 μm can be improved. Up to 90% or more. The pressure loss of the dust removal section of the high-efficiency separation tank plate of the present invention is 100-300 Pa, which reduces the wind speed of the dust gas, so that the subsequent electrostatic field dust removal relatively prolongs the residence time of the dust in the electrostatic field and improves the efficiency of electrostatic dust removal.
本发明静电除尘单元的工作原理是利用高压电场使烟气发生电离，气流中的粉尘荷电在电场作用下与气流分离，通常阴极由不同断面形状的金属导线制成，阳极由不同几何形状的金属板制成(阳极板，亦称集尘板)。静电除尘单元还包括扩高压发生器，如高压电源。The working principle of the electrostatic dust removal unit of the present invention is to use a high-voltage electric field to ionize the flue gas, and the dust charge in the airflow is separated from the airflow under the action of the electric field. Usually, the cathode is made of metal wires with different cross-sectional shapes, and the anode is made of metal wires with different geometric shapes. Made of metal plate (anode plate, also known as dust collection plate). The electrostatic precipitator unit also includes an expanded voltage generator, such as a high voltage power supply.
现有静电除尘器的使用中阳极板积灰严重，严重影响极板的收尘效率并加剧反电晕现象的发生，并且粉尘在电场内的二次扬尘现象严重，积灰可能随气流一起外排，从而造成外排超标(静电除尘器中机械振打清灰期间也易发生颗粒二次返混排入大气造成外排超标)，同时含尘气体性质(压力、温度等)和粉尘特性(气流中要捕获的粉尘的浓度、粒度)等也极大影响静电场除尘效率，针对上述分析，本发明以优化提高粉尘捕获效率为目的，结合无组织排放粉尘的特点，从含尘气体性质(压降)、粉尘特性(粉尘的浓度、粒度)、工业耗能综合进行优化组合改良，最终采用百叶窗+高效分离槽板+静电一体化三级颗粒捕获方法，实现了粉尘颗粒的全部高效捕获。During the use of the existing electrostatic precipitator, the anode plate has serious dust accumulation, which seriously affects the dust collection efficiency of the plate and aggravates the occurrence of back corona phenomenon, and the secondary dusting phenomenon of dust in the electric field is serious, and the dust accumulation may flow out together with the airflow. Excessive discharge, resulting in excessive external discharge (during mechanical vibrating dust removal in the electrostatic precipitator, it is also easy to cause secondary back-mixing of particles into the atmosphere, resulting in excessive external discharge), and at the same time, the properties of dust-containing gas (pressure, temperature, etc.) and dust characteristics ( The concentration and particle size of the dust to be captured in the airflow also greatly affect the dust removal efficiency of the electrostatic field. For the above analysis, the present invention aims to optimize and improve the dust capture efficiency, and combines the characteristics of fugitive dust discharge from the properties of the dusty gas ( Pressure drop), dust characteristics (dust concentration, particle size), and industrial energy consumption were optimized and combined. Finally, the three-stage particle capture method of shutter + high-efficiency separation tank plate + electrostatic integration was adopted to achieve high-efficiency capture of all dust particles.
此外，本发明采取了有效的措施，不仅实现了捕获颗粒(积灰)的清除，而且通过喷淋+液膜冲洗+废液收集工艺(尤其是喷淋+废液的及时收集)实现了处理过程中的抑尘效果。。In addition, the present invention takes effective measures to not only realize the removal of captured particles (dust accumulation), but also realize the treatment by spraying + liquid film flushing + waste liquid collection process (especially spraying + timely collection of waste liquid) Dust suppression effect in the process. .
本发明优选的实施例中，喷淋冲洗装置由水泵、阀门、喷淋管、喷嘴构成，喷淋管包括主管和多个支管，支管上安装有喷嘴。在百叶窗除尘段和高效分离槽板除尘段均通过喷淋方式，将其粘附的颗粒冲洗下来。水泵加压通过高压雾化喷嘴形成喷淋，有效的将百叶窗除尘段和高效分离槽板除尘段的粉尘颗粒冲洗下来，提高洗尘效率。本发明喷淋冲洗装置的另一作用是将高温烟尘进行熄火降温，以防损坏后续设备，便于工业安全生产。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spray flushing device is composed of a water pump, a valve, a spray pipe, and a nozzle. The spray pipe includes a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes, and nozzles are installed on the branch pipes. Both the louver dust removal section and the high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section wash down the adhered particles by spraying. The water pump is pressurized to form a spray through the high-pressure atomizing nozzle, which effectively washes down the dust particles in the dust removal section of the louver and the dust removal section of the high-efficiency separation tank plate, and improves the dust cleaning efficiency. Another function of the spraying and flushing device of the present invention is to turn off the high-temperature smoke and dust to cool down, so as to prevent damage to subsequent equipment and facilitate industrial safety production.
本发明的一个优选的实施例中，水膜冲洗装置包括水膜冲洗主管、阳极布水管，水膜冲洗主管与若干阳极布水管相连通，阳极布水管底部设有出水孔，出水孔出水浸润静电除尘单元的阳极板，形成均匀冲洗水膜将捕获到阳极板的颗粒进行冲洗。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water film flushing device includes a water film flushing main pipe and an anode water distribution pipe. The water film flushing main pipe is connected to several anode water distribution pipes. A water outlet hole is provided at the bottom of the anode water distribution pipe. The anode plate of the dust removal unit forms a uniform flushing water film to flush the particles captured on the anode plate.
废液收集结构为轻型化考量优选的为废液槽。此外，废液收集结构还设有电加热装置，用于防治冬季废液冻结。The waste liquid collection structure is preferably a waste liquid tank for light weight considerations. In addition, the waste liquid collection structure is also equipped with an electric heating device to prevent the waste liquid from freezing in winter.
优选的实施例中，风机为斜流风机。斜流风机主要由叶轮、机壳、进口集流器、出口导流片、电动机部件组成，可使得气体既做离心运动又做轴向运动，壳内空气的运动混合了轴流与离心两种运动形式，这种运动方式相较于轴流风机或离心风机(两者也基本能实现引风效果)，其不仅压力高、风量大，而且气流扰动性更强，与本发明两段惯性除尘段(百叶窗除尘段、高效分离槽板除尘段)配合除尘效果更优。优选的，斜流风机设置在多效除尘装置的气体出口位置。In a preferred embodiment, the fan is a diagonal flow fan. Diagonal flow fan is mainly composed of impeller, casing, inlet collector, outlet deflector, and motor components, which can make the gas move both centrifugally and axially. The movement of air in the casing is a mixture of axial flow and centrifugal flow. Movement form, compared with axial flow fan or centrifugal fan (both of which can basically achieve the effect of induced wind), it not only has high pressure and large air volume, but also has stronger air flow disturbance, which is different from the two-stage inertial dust removal of the present invention. Sections (louver dust removal section, high-efficiency separation tank plate dust removal section) cooperate with the dust removal effect to be better. Preferably, the diagonal flow fan is arranged at the gas outlet position of the multi-effect dust removal device.
优选的实施例中，考虑到本发明采用两级惯性除尘，多效除尘装置中百叶窗除尘段、高效分离槽板除尘段、静电除尘单元自下而上设置，气体可以在多效除尘装置内自下而上流动，借助惯性力、离心力和重力的多重作用，进一步提高粉尘颗粒分离效率。In a preferred embodiment, considering that the present invention adopts two-stage inertial dust removal, the louver dust removal section, the high-efficiency separation trough plate dust removal section, and the electrostatic dust removal unit are arranged from bottom to top in the multi-effect dust removal device, and the gas can flow automatically in the multi-effect dust removal device. Flowing from bottom to top, with the help of multiple effects of inertial force, centrifugal force and gravity, the separation efficiency of dust particles is further improved.
本发明的一个具体实施方案中还公开了一种粉尘颗粒资源化回收利用的工业用空气净化系统，除包括上述多效除尘装置和冲洗装置外，包括废液浓缩装置、压滤装置、清液循环管路，废液收集结构通过废液浓缩装置进行浓缩，然后经压滤装置处理，滤饼回收资源化利用，废液浓缩装置和压滤装置产生的清液经清液循环管路返回至冲洗装置进行循环利用。A specific embodiment of the present invention also discloses an industrial air purification system for resource recovery and utilization of dust particles. In addition to the above-mentioned multi-effect dust removal device and flushing device, it includes a waste liquid concentration device, a filter press device, a clear liquid Circulation pipeline, the waste liquid collection structure is concentrated through the waste liquid concentration device, and then processed by the filter press device, the filter cake is recycled and utilized, and the clear liquid produced by the waste liquid concentration device and the filter press device is returned to the The flushing device is recycled.
本发明的实施方案中，喷淋+液膜冲洗两级颗粒清灰方式，采用废液收集方式并后续过滤提浓+压滤颗粒原料回收，不仅实现了有效清灰，而且避免了常规干燥收灰处理时产生的再次扬尘问题，采用废液方式收集取得了良好的抑尘效果，并且进一步的有效衔接过滤提浓+压滤颗粒原料资源回收利用，实现了功用的有效配置。In the embodiment of the present invention, the spraying + liquid film flushing two-stage particle cleaning method adopts the waste liquid collection method and subsequent filtration concentration + filter press particle raw material recovery, which not only realizes effective dust removal, but also avoids conventional drying and collection. For the problem of re-elevating dust generated during ash treatment, the use of waste liquid collection has achieved good dust suppression effects, and further effective connection of filtration concentration + filter press particle raw material resource recycling has realized the effective allocation of functions.
优选的实施例中，废液浓缩装置为多管过滤器，多管过滤器由废液泵、过滤器、浓液排出管、反冲洗泵构成，针对粉尘废液的特点，本发明采用多管过滤器进行废液的浓缩，此外，多管过滤器的连续提浓功能，一方面维持水膜冲洗装置中冲洗水的循环供给，另一方面降低后续压滤装置(板框压滤机)的启停频次，节约工业耗能。In a preferred embodiment, the waste liquid concentration device is a multi-tube filter, and the multi-tube filter is composed of a waste liquid pump, a filter, a concentrated liquid discharge pipe, and a backwash pump. The filter concentrates the waste liquid. In addition, the continuous enrichment function of the multi-tube filter, on the one hand, maintains the circulating supply of flushing water in the water film flushing device, and on the other hand reduces the pressure of the subsequent filter press (plate and frame filter press). The frequency of start and stop saves industrial energy consumption.
优选的实施例中，压滤装置为板框压滤机，分离出的滤饼进入原料仓进行资源化。In a preferred embodiment, the filter press device is a plate and frame filter press, and the separated filter cake enters the raw material bin for recycling.
优选的实施例中，本发明公开的工业用空气净化系统，还包括集中控制系统，水膜冲洗装置、喷淋冲洗装置、电加热装置、废液浓缩装置、压滤装置、风机均可按照预先设置条件通过集中控制系统实现自动启停。In a preferred embodiment, the industrial air purification system disclosed by the present invention also includes a centralized control system, water film washing device, spray washing device, electric heating device, waste liquid concentration device, filter press device, and fan can The setting conditions realize automatic start and stop through the centralized control system.
实施例1Example 1
下面结合图1给出本发明的一个具体实施方式。A specific embodiment of the present invention is given below in conjunction with FIG. 1 .
如附图1所示，工业生产过程产生的含尘气流(浓度几十克～几百克/立方米)在1斜流风机的吸风作用下首先进入5百叶窗除尘段，将50微米以上的颗粒物拦截下来，百叶窗除尘段积累的灰尘在10喷淋冲洗装置的作用下进入6废液槽，10喷淋冲洗装置的水来源于厂区工艺水经11水泵进行补水；然后气流(浓度几百毫克～几克/立方米)进入4高效分离槽板除尘段，将10微米以上的颗粒物大部分拦截下来，高效分离槽板除尘段拦截的灰尘在10喷淋冲洗装置的作用下进入废液槽6；此时的气流(浓度几十毫克～几百毫克/立方米)进入2静电除尘单元，由3高压电源为2静电除尘单元的放电极提供高电压，2静电除尘单元的静电场产生负离子和电子，电子与细颗粒物碰撞，在电场力的作用下，完成静电吸附过程，清洁气体经出口排出。2静电除尘单元的阳极板积灰经水膜冲洗装置9将颗粒物冲洗至6废液槽，此处冲洗下料的废液与5百叶窗除尘段和4高效分离槽板除尘段的灰尘汇集。6废液槽中设置7电加热装置，防治冬季运行时6废液槽内的废液冻结，影响设备使用。As shown in Figure 1, the dust-laden airflow (concentration of tens of grams to hundreds of grams/cubic meter) produced in the industrial production process first enters the dust removal section of the 5 louvers under the suction of the 1 oblique flow fan, and the particles above 50 microns are removed. Particles are intercepted, and the dust accumulated in the dust removal section of the louver enters the 6 waste liquid tank under the action of the 10 spray flushing device. ~several grams/cubic meter) enters the dust removal section of the 4 high-efficiency separation tank plate, and intercepts most of the particles above 10 microns, and the dust intercepted by the dust removal section of the high-efficiency separation tank plate enters the
利用该空气净化系统，设备出口无超标排放，无二次扬尘，气体满足烟气清洁排放要求，且耗能比单一静电除尘器更少。With this air purification system, there is no excessive discharge at the outlet of the equipment, no secondary dust, the gas meets the clean emission requirements of flue gas, and the energy consumption is less than that of a single electrostatic precipitator.
实施例2Example 2
下面结合图2给出本发明的一个最佳具体实施方式。A best specific embodiment of the present invention is given below in conjunction with FIG. 2 .
如附图2所示，冶金工业生产过程产生的含尘气流(浓度10克～800克/立方米)在1斜流风机的吸风作用下首先进入5百叶窗除尘段，将50微米以上的颗粒物拦截下来，灰尘在10喷淋冲洗装置的作用下进入6废液槽，10喷淋冲洗装置的水来源于12多管过滤器的清液、14压滤机的清液和厂区工艺水经11水泵进行补水；然后气流(浓度100毫克～10克/立方米)进入4高效分离槽板除尘段，将10微米以上的颗粒物大部分拦截下来，拦截的灰尘在10喷淋冲洗装置的作用下进入6废液槽；此时的气流(浓度10毫克～200毫克/立方米)进入2静电除尘单元，由3高压电源为静电除尘单元2的放电极提供高电压，促使放电极将周围气体电离，产生负离子和电子，电子与细颗粒物碰撞，在电场力的作用下，完成静电吸附过程，清洁气体排入大气。9水膜冲洗装置将2静电除尘单元的阳极板颗粒物冲洗至6废液槽，与5百叶窗除尘段和4高效分离槽板除尘段的灰尘汇集。6废液槽中的废液在8废液泵的作用下进入12多管过滤器，在12多管过滤器内废液被提浓后经13泥浆泵输送到14压滤机内，灰饼进入原料库资源化利用，清液经泵回到9水膜冲洗装置进行阳极冲洗。6废液槽中设置7电加热装置，防治冬季运行时6废液槽内的废液冻结，影响废水提浓和固体物收集。As shown in Figure 2, the dust-laden airflow (with a concentration of 10 grams to 800 grams/cubic meter) produced in the production process of the metallurgical industry first enters the dust removal section of the 5 louvers under the suction of the 1 oblique flow fan, and the particles above 50 microns are removed. After being intercepted, the dust enters the 6 waste liquid tank under the action of the 10 spray flushing device, and the water of the 10 spray flushing device comes from the clear liquid of the 12 multi-tube filter, the clear liquid of the 14 filter press and the process water of the factory area through the 11 The water pump replenishes water; then the airflow (concentration 100 mg to 10 g/m3) enters the dust removal section of the 4 high-efficiency separation tank plate, and intercepts most of the particles above 10 microns, and the intercepted dust enters under the action of the 10
利用该空气净化系统，不仅有效的改善作业环境，而且颗粒资源换回收利用，而且至少节约成本5-10万元/年。The use of this air purification system not only effectively improves the working environment, but also replaces and recycles particle resources, and saves at least 50,000 to 100,000 yuan/year in cost.
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