CN107362054A - A kind of bleaching agent and its method for bleaching - Google Patents
A kind of bleaching agent and its method for bleaching Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107362054A CN107362054A CN201710784198.0A CN201710784198A CN107362054A CN 107362054 A CN107362054 A CN 107362054A CN 201710784198 A CN201710784198 A CN 201710784198A CN 107362054 A CN107362054 A CN 107362054A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bleaching agent
- bleaching
- titanium dioxide
- agent
- lamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/24—Phosphorous; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/25—Silicon; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
- A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/55—Phosphorus compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/48—Thickener, Thickening system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of bleaching agent, above-mentioned problem of the prior art is overcome, there is good extended storage stability, be easy to be applied on the tooth of discoloration and obtained in actual applications enough bleaching effects without declining original photocatalytic activity, it is also splendid in terms of security in addition;Present inventor is directed to combining the research of above-mentioned bleaching agent and being subsequently found contains inorganic thickening agent and phosphoric acid in bleaching agent, it is easy to be applied on discored tooth surface and have also obtained in practical application gratifying bleaching effect without declining original photocatalytic activity, it is also splendid in terms of security in addition;Stabilizer is added, extended storage stability can be improved;The present invention includes following content:Bleaching agent, described bleaching agent include following component:Titanium dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, inorganic thickening agent, phosphoric acid, stabilizer, distilled water.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to whitening field, and in particular to a kind of bleaching agent and its method for bleaching.
Background technology
In recent years, in terms of beauty, the pigment (i.e. so-called whitening) for removing tooth and skin has caused extensive concern,
But whitening product on the market has the defects of certain, thus must further integrate improve bleaching agent blanching effect and its
Security.The demand for such as improving tooth contour, Dental Aesthetic as arrangement and integrality improves is existed in tooth therapy
It is stepped up.Particularly there is demand to make teeth whiter in women young in more situations to this kind of tooth therapy
For the important component of beauty.
In general, tooth discoloration or pigmentation or pollution the reason for belong to following classes:(1) external cause, such as
The deposition of coloring matter (tobacco, tea, pollutant etc.), the pigment for producing bacterium, filler (mainly composite resin) and gold
Belong to the discoloration of salt (mainly mercury alloy, silver nitrite and ammonia silver);(2) internal cause, such as aging, chemical substance or medicine
(such as fluorine, tetracycline etc.), dysbolism and heredity and injury of teeth.
The position that the reason for skin is also exogen or endogenous is easily colored.As the coloration reason of external cause,
There is the coloring of the calmness, pigment generation bacterium of coloring matter;As the coloration reason of endogenous, has age increase, pigment deposition, generation
Thank exception and genetic disease, the injury of skin etc..
However, in the bleaching agent of routine or method, main bleaching agent is that 30wt%-35wt% hydrogen peroxide is water-soluble
Liquid and its oxidation characteristic are the bases of bleaching teeth.Therefore, had difficulties in terms of ease of handling and security.In the presence of use
10wt% urea peroxides solution substitutes other method for bleaching of 30wt%-35wt% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution;However, this method
The problem of in terms of there is also medical efficacy and security.
In existing method, Japanese correlative study person has found:It is splendid as being showed in terms of security and simplification
And to must tooth and nonessential tooth show remarkable efficacy in a short time and without using highly toxic 30wt%-35wt% mistakes
Aoxidize the new bleaching agent and method for bleaching of aqueous solution of hydrogen:Titanium dioxide and low concentration peroxide with photocatalysis is applied in combination
It is effective to change the bleaching agent of aqueous solution of hydrogen;However, the storage stability of dental bleaching agent and inadequate;20% hydrogen peroxide into
Divide after being stored 1 month in the refrigerator of 5 DEG C~8 DEG C temperature shielded (varnishes);In addition, show by because of thickener
Effect reduces and causes to apply the insufficient situation generation of difficult and caused bleaching effect in dental surface;Therefore, it is necessary to have
There is the preferable dental bleaching agent of storage stability.
Hereafter Japanese correlative study person has invented the formula of bleaching agent, configuration technique and application method in more detail.But
Scheme of this method due to having used A, B agent, before Clinical practice mix rear can be used, be just inevitably generated with
Lower problem points:
1st, due to having used the scheme of A, B agent, manually mixed before Clinical practice, just necessarily cause bleaching agent denseness not
Greatly, easily slid from tooth.
2nd, due to having used A, B agent so that the hydrogen peroxide keeping concentration of the A agent containing hydrogen peroxide increases at double, and
This legal restriction transported certainly again.
3rd, A, B agent manually mixes before Clinical practice, cause medicament mixing it is uneven, have impact on effect.Increase doctor
The workload of business personnel.
Existing technology has proposed that a variety of methods, but, can as the aesthstic ameliorative way to discored tooth and skin
A certain degree of color reversal etc. can be present.This method for bleaching substantially takes off coloring matter by chemical reaction
The method of color.Have in the past various on including various chemical substances based on required method for bleaching and nonessential method for bleaching
Bleaching agent and using this kind of reagent method for bleaching report.
The content of the invention
In order to solve various problems existing for bleaching agent in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of bleaching agent, overcome
Above-mentioned problem of the prior art, there is good extended storage stability, be easy to be applied in discoloration in actual applications
Tooth on and obtain enough bleaching effects without declining original photocatalytic activity, in addition in terms of security
It is splendid.Present inventor is directed to combining the research of above-mentioned bleaching agent and being subsequently found contains inorganic thickening in bleaching agent
Agent and phosphoric acid, it is easy to that gratifying bleaching effect is applied on discored tooth surface and have also obtained in practical application
It is also splendid in terms of security in addition without declining original photocatalytic activity;Stabilizer is added, can be improved long-term
Storage stability.
The present invention includes following content:Bleaching agent, described bleaching agent include following component:Titanium dioxide, hydrogen peroxide,
Inorganic thickening agent, phosphoric acid, stabilizer, distilled water;
Described titanium dioxide be anatase class, rutile class and brockite class in one or several kinds, described two
Titanium oxide can trigger photocatalysis by light irradiation;
Described inorganic thickening agent is selected from inorganic clay ore deposit:Talcum powder, montmorillonite, magnesium-rich smectite, hectorite, treasure
One or several kinds in pearl clay and sepiolite;
Described stabilizer is the one or several kinds in sodium metasilicate, phytic acid, organic phosphonate, EDTA;
Mass content of the described titanium dioxide in this bleaching agent is 0.001~10%;
Mass content of the described hydrogen peroxide in this bleaching agent is 1~35%;
Mass content of the described inorganic thickening agent in this bleaching agent is 0.1%~10%;
Mass content of the described phosphoric acid in this bleaching agent is 0.1%~10%;
Mass content of the described stabilizer in this bleaching agent is 0.1%~10%.
Preferably, the titanium dioxide in described bleaching agent is to obtain photocatalytic activity by being deposited thereon platinum
Improved anatase titanium dioxide;Or handled, thus with the rutile titania of visible light-initiated photocatalysis using plasma etc.
Type titanium dioxide.
Preferably, the titanium dioxide in described bleaching agent use by be dispensed into aqueous medium and obtain powder-type or
The titanium dioxide of colloidal sol type;The titanium dioxide particle diameter is 1nm~50nm.
Preferably, mass content of the titanium dioxide in described bleaching agent in this bleaching agent is 0.01~1%.
Preferably, mass content of the hydrogen peroxide in described bleaching agent in this bleaching agent is 1~10%.
Preferably, the mass content of the phosphoric acid in described bleaching agent is preferably 0.1~1%.
Preferably, the mass content of the inorganic thickening agent in described bleaching agent is preferably 1~10%.
A kind of method for bleaching using heretofore described bleaching agent, bleaching agent is applied in and treats surface at whitening, then
With light irradiation once more than.
Preferably, the light source that the illumination described in described method for bleaching uses includes incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, Halogen lamp LED
Bubble, blackout, metal halide lamp, xenon lamp, mercury vapor lamp, UV lamp, LED (light emitting diode) lamp, semiconductor laser lamp.
Preferably, the illumination in described method for bleaching uses the light of 380nm~480nm wavelength.
The bleaching agent of the present invention can keep its long-term storage stability, can also maintain its viscosity without from patient
Come off on tooth and keep enough bleach on tooth.The viscosity of the bleaching agent is O.OO1Pa.S-100Pa.S, preferably
0.002Pa, S-50Pa-S;When the viscosity is kept in the above range, in addition by bleaching agent to be in 45 degree of angles with horizontal line
In the case of on tooth surfaces, described bleaching agent also will not fall off.Although can be at room temperature by the drift of the present invention
White agent stores for a long time, it is preferred that they are stored in into the dark place at a temperature of 1 DEG C -10 DEG C.Kept away furthermore it is preferred that they are stored in
In the condition of light.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, following examples be explanation of the invention and
The invention is not limited in following examples.
Embodiment 1
2g montmorillonites, 0.03g anatase titanium dioxides (UG-TA18H), 6g 30% peroxide will be added in distilled water
Changing turns into the colloidal solution for amounting to 50g in hydrogen, 1.5gEDTA mixture, then the acid that phosphorates adjusts PH to 5.5 or so.Protected at 4 DEG C
Deposit three months, bleaching effect experiment is carried out on brown egg shell, aberration △ E=4.93 are determined with electronics color difference meter.
Comparative example 1
2g methylcellulose, 0.03g anatase titanium dioxides (UG-TA18H), 6g 30% will be added in distilled water
Turn into the colloidal solution for amounting to 50g in the mixture of hydrogen peroxide, then the acid that phosphorates adjusts PH to 5.5 or so.One is preserved at 4 DEG C
Month, bleaching effect experiment is carried out on brown egg shell, aberration △ E=2.35 are determined with electronics color difference meter.
Embodiment 2:
As bleaching model test, test liquid is filled with to every side 1cm quartz cell, wherein described test liquid is led to
Cross and 10ppm methylenum careuleum (blue pigment) is dissolved in the bleaching agent in embodiment 1 to prepare;Then using has 380nm-500nm ripples
Long light irradiation 5 minutes.The result is that 91% methylenum careuleum is decomposed.
Embodiment 3
Using step same as Example 2, but use anatase titanium dioxide (UG05) substitution anatase titanium dioxide
(UG-TA18H).The result is that 79% methylenum careuleum is decomposed.
Embodiment 4
Using step same as Example 2, but using rutile-type oxidation, (UG-T02H) substitutes anatase type titanium oxide by the emperor himself
(UG-TA18H).The result is that 74% methylenum careuleum is decomposed.
Embodiment 5
Discored tooth (tooth of extraction) can be bleached as follows by using the bleaching agent in embodiment 1:
1) with the electronics color difference meter measure initial color range of tooth;
2) subjects wearing goggles, it is intraoral that opener is put into subject;
3) preliminary cleaning, dental plaque, tartar etc. are removed by using tooth-cleaning machine;
4) bleaching agent is applied to dental surface;
5) light irradiation of the use with 380nm or 380nm wavelengths above 20 minutes;
6) opener, goggles are extractd, subject washes one's face and rinses one's mouth to remove Residuals;
7) with the tooth color range after the measure bleaching of electronics color difference meter.
Its result shows tooth color range lifting △ E=4.63
Comparative example 2
By using method same as Example 5 but the bleaching agent of comparative example 1 is used to the discored tooth (tooth of extraction
Tooth) bleaching, its result shows tooth color range lifting △ E=1.95.
Embodiment 6
Skin can be bleached as follows by using the bleaching agent in embodiment 1:
1) position skin to be measured is tentatively cleaned;
2) the initial color range in position to be measured is determined with electronics color difference meter
3) bleaching agent is applied to skin surface to be measured;
4) light irradiation of the use with 380nm or 380nm wavelengths above 20 minutes;
5) subject is cleaned to remove Residuals;
6) with the skin color range after the measure bleaching of electronics color difference meter.
Its result shows skin color range lifting △ E=6.78
Furthermore, it is necessary to illustrate, the specific embodiment, its raw material named title etc. described in this specification can not
Together;The equivalent or simple change that all principles according to described in inventional idea of the present invention are done, is included in the protection of patent of the present invention
In the range of.Those skilled in the art described specific embodiment can be made it is various modification or
Supplement is substituted using similar mode, without departing from structure of the invention or surmounts model defined in the claims
Enclose, protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. bleaching agent, it is characterised in that:Described whitening agent includes following component:Titanium dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, inorganic increasing Thick dose, phosphoric acid, stabilizer, distilled water;Described titanium dioxide be anatase class, rutile class and brockite class in one or several kinds, described titanium dioxide Titanium can trigger photocatalysis by light irradiation;Described inorganic thickening agent is selected from inorganic clay ore deposit:Talcum powder, montmorillonite, magnesium-rich smectite, hectorite, pearl pottery One or several kinds in soil and sepiolite;Described stabilizer is the one or several kinds in sodium metasilicate, phytic acid, organic phosphonate, EDTA;Mass content of the described titanium dioxide in this bleaching agent is 0.001~10%;Mass content of the described hydrogen peroxide in this bleaching agent is 1~35%;Mass content of the described inorganic thickening agent in this bleaching agent is 0.1%~10%;Mass content of the described phosphoric acid in this bleaching agent is 0.1%~10%;Mass content of the described stabilizer in this bleaching agent is 0.1%~10%.
- 2. bleaching agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described titanium dioxide is by being deposited thereon platinum And the anatase titanium dioxide for being improved photocatalytic activity;Or handled using plasma etc., thus drawn with visible ray The anatase titanium dioxide of luminous catalytic action.
- 3. bleaching agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described titanium dioxide use is by being dispensed into aqueous medium In and obtain powder-type or colloidal sol type titanium dioxide;The titanium dioxide particle diameter is 1nm~50nm.
- 4. bleaching agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Quality of the described titanium dioxide in this bleaching agent contains Measure as 0.01~1%.
- 5. bleaching agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Quality of the described hydrogen peroxide in this bleaching agent contains Measure as 1~10%.
- 6. bleaching agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The mass content of described phosphoric acid is preferably 0.1~ 1%%.
- 7. bleaching agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The mass content of described inorganic thickening agent is preferably 1 ~10%%.
- 8. it is a kind of using the claims 1 into claim 7 any bleaching agent method for bleaching, it is characterised in that: Bleaching agent is applied in and treats surface at bleaching, then with light irradiation once more than.
- 9. method for bleaching according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:The light source that described illumination uses include incandescent lamp, Fluorescent lamp, halogen bulb, blackout, metal halide lamp, xenon lamp, mercury vapor lamp, UV lamp, LED (light emitting diode) lamp, semiconductor swash Light lamp.
- 10. method for bleaching according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:Described illumination uses 380nm~480nm wavelength Light.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710784198.0A CN107362054A (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | A kind of bleaching agent and its method for bleaching |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710784198.0A CN107362054A (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | A kind of bleaching agent and its method for bleaching |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107362054A true CN107362054A (en) | 2017-11-21 |
Family
ID=60311430
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710784198.0A Pending CN107362054A (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | A kind of bleaching agent and its method for bleaching |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107362054A (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1270508A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-10-18 | 日本国通商产业省工业技术院 | Method for bleaching discolored tooth by titanium idoixide photocatalyst |
CN1358085A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2002-07-10 | 石桥卓郎 | Tooth bleaching compositions and method of bleaching discored tooth |
CN1489453A (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2004-04-14 | ������ѧ��ʽ���� | Tooth bleaching agents and method thereof |
CN1505676A (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2004-06-16 | 有限会社环境设备研究所 | Bleaching composition and method of bleaching tooth |
WO2006112500A1 (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-10-26 | Ecodevice Corporation | Tooth-bleaching composition and tooth-bleaching method |
-
2017
- 2017-09-04 CN CN201710784198.0A patent/CN107362054A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1270508A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-10-18 | 日本国通商产业省工业技术院 | Method for bleaching discolored tooth by titanium idoixide photocatalyst |
CN1358085A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2002-07-10 | 石桥卓郎 | Tooth bleaching compositions and method of bleaching discored tooth |
CN1489453A (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2004-04-14 | ������ѧ��ʽ���� | Tooth bleaching agents and method thereof |
CN1505676A (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2004-06-16 | 有限会社环境设备研究所 | Bleaching composition and method of bleaching tooth |
WO2006112500A1 (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-10-26 | Ecodevice Corporation | Tooth-bleaching composition and tooth-bleaching method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
汪多仁: "《绿色油脂深加工产品》", 28 February 2007, 科学技术文献出版社 * |
董永春: "《纺织助剂化学》", 31 January 2010, 东华大学出版社 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU771948B2 (en) | Tooth bleaching compositions and method of bleaching discolored tooth | |
EP1356804B1 (en) | Tooth bleaching agents and method of bleaching teeth | |
JP3030380B2 (en) | Discolored tooth bleaching method using titanium dioxide photocatalyst | |
CN111759751B (en) | Whitening toothpaste excited by blue light LED and preparation method thereof | |
JP2004292429A (en) | Bleaching agent set for teeth and method for bleaching teeth | |
CN107362054A (en) | A kind of bleaching agent and its method for bleaching | |
JP5615968B1 (en) | Tooth bleach and tooth bleaching method | |
JP4852714B2 (en) | Tooth bleaching material | |
JP2006169121A (en) | Tooth bleaching material and method for bleaching tooth | |
JP4903943B2 (en) | Tooth bleaching material | |
JP2005343813A (en) | Teeth bleaching material and teeth-bleaching method | |
JP4392440B2 (en) | Bleaching agent and tooth bleaching method using the same. | |
WO2017109889A1 (en) | Composition for bleaching teeth and method for bleaching teeth | |
JP2008189548A (en) | Tooth-bleaching composition and tooth-bleaching method | |
JP6376748B2 (en) | Teeth bleaching material composition and tooth bleaching method | |
Chaudhary et al. | Bleaching in the Clinical Practice of Dentistry: An Overview | |
Mulder et al. | Comparing cytocompatibility of two fluoride-containing solutions and two resin-based restorative materials—a pilot study | |
JP2004323417A (en) | Bactericidal composition for dental use and bactericidal method for dental use |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20171121 |