CN107358220A - A kind of human heart rate and the contactless measurement of breathing - Google Patents
A kind of human heart rate and the contactless measurement of breathing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107358220A CN107358220A CN201710668880.3A CN201710668880A CN107358220A CN 107358220 A CN107358220 A CN 107358220A CN 201710668880 A CN201710668880 A CN 201710668880A CN 107358220 A CN107358220 A CN 107358220A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/40—Scenes; Scene-specific elements in video content
- G06V20/46—Extracting features or characteristics from the video content, e.g. video fingerprints, representative shots or key frames
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/16—Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions
- G06V40/161—Detection; Localisation; Normalisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/15—Biometric patterns based on physiological signals, e.g. heartbeat, blood flow
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of human heart rate and the contactless measurement of breathing, belong to heart rate and breath measuring method technical field.Purpose is to realize the robustness for improving signal acquisition with fast track algorithm using Face datection；By suitably reducing the sample rate of video camera, sliding window is set to realize heart rate and the real-time of breathing and the purpose continuously measured, method includes step 1 gathered data；Step 2 pretreatment operation；Step 3 obtains heart rate and respiratory rate.The measuring method and medical cardiographic detector measurement result of the present invention is basically identical, and compared with prior art, method of the invention reduces the artifact moved and brought using Face datection and CSK fast tracks algorithm, improves the robustness of collection signal.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of human heart rate and the contactless measurement of breathing, belong to heart rate and respiration measurement
Method and technology field.
Background technology
Breathing and heart rate are the most important physiological parameters of human body, and they reflect the physiological status and health letter of human body in real time
Breath.Its stability directly reflects the quality of heart and lung functions, is two important physical signs of health.：Report
It has been shown that, at present, estimates that national cardiovascular patient there are about 2.9 hundred million, wherein hyperpietic about 2.7 hundred million, myocardial infarction patient
About 2,500,000, heart failure patient about 4,500,000, just there is 1 people to suffer from angiocardiopathy in being grown up every about 5.By monitor heart rate,
The generation of many angiocardiopathies can be prevented in advance, as acute myocardial infarction AMI, hypertension, chronic heart exhaustion etc..It is obstructive
OSAS, it is a kind of common and very big to Human health effects disease, its illness rate is about in adult
For 2%-4%, beaten when clinical symptoms are to sleep it is ripe, based on apnea.The sensor of contact is generally used in research clinically
Heartbeat and the breathing situation of subject is recorded, these measuring methods would generally bring the very big burden of subject, therefore clinical anxious
Be essential the physiological parameter measurement method for asking a kind of lossless, contactless.
Conventional breathing detection means probably have following several：1. exhaled by being placed on the thermocouple record at the ventilation of nostril
The measurement of breathing is realized in the change of air themperature when gas and air-breathing.2. by tie up put chest sensor record chest exhale and
The measurement of breathing is realized in the change of chest pressure and moving displacement during air-breathing.
The detection method of conventional heart rate mainly has following several：1. finger tips volumetric blood is detected by photoelectric method
Change to realize heart rate measurement.2. realize the measurement of heart rate by being placed on the potential change of skin surface electrode.It is 3. logical
Pressure change when crossing the pressure sensor record blood vessel pulsation being placed at C Pneumoniae realizes the measurement of heart rate.4. use microwave
The methods of Doppler, laser-Doppler, ultrasound, it is the method traced based on heart vibration that it is mostly, mainly detects heartbeat and causes
Vibration, so as to detect heart rate.A kind of heart rate lossless detection method based on infrared sequence image is proposed in the prior art, is led to
The infrared sequence image that infrared sensing obtains subject's lateral aspect of face is crossed, then selects temple and the sense of nostril lower end two respectively
Region of interest structure clock signal carries out numerical computations, finally realizes that three kinds of modes measure breath signal and with measurement heart rate with exhaling
Inhale signal.
The measuring method that appeal is introduced has a wide range of applications in laboratory and hospital, and still, contact type measurement can cause
The discomfort of patient body, stimulation or pain are brought, or even the accuracy for causing physiological change to influence measurement result.And these
Device is also unsuitable for Long Term Contact human body, is not suitable for measurement for a long time and daily monitoring at any time.Especially to large-area burns
Patient, the patient with mental illness, infant etc. be unable to the patient of self-cooperation, be also not suitable for being connect with electrode or sensor
Its body is touched, contact heart rate and the measurement of breathing have obvious limitation.
And the methods of microwave Doppler, laser-Doppler, ultrasound poor anti jamming capability, the shifting between measured and sensor
It is dynamic to bring considerable influence, radiation hazradial bundle be present, and general device is expensive, operation specialty, therefore seldom apply in daily heart rate
The field of measurement.Thermal infrared technology can be used to capture human body surface information, does not contact body surface, has no side effect, but in general is infrared
Detection device is expensive, and the uncommon thus influence detection scope of application.
The content of the invention
Therefore, a kind of human heart rate and the contactless survey of breathing are provided for the above mentioned problem of prior art, the present invention
Amount method, to realize the robustness for improving signal acquisition with fast track algorithm using Face datection；By suitably reducing shooting
The sample rate of machine, sliding window is set to realize heart rate and the real-time of breathing and the purpose continuously measured, shone without additional source of light
The measurement of physiological signal is realized under the conditions of bright, overcomes existing vital sign detecting system complicated, involves great expense, be not suitable for
The defects of especial patient, and poor anti jamming capability, it is impossible to contactless real-time continuous measurement in 7 × 24 hours, it is impossible to when long
Between reflect vital sign change the defects of.
Specifically, methods described specifically includes：
Step 1 gathered data
Camera obtains the video flowing of detected face and video is streaming into computer, soft by the MATLAB on computer
Part carries out the processing of subsequent step two and step 3；
Step 2 pretreatment operation
Video flowing the first frame human face region is detected, follows the trail of the face in subsequent video stream, selects ROI region, separates ROI
The Color Channels of RGB tri- in region, extraction G components do image space average value processing as raw image data to all ROI,
Obtain primary light Power Capacity pulse wave data；
Step 3 obtains heart rate and respiratory rate
Primary light Power Capacity pulse wave data is normalized, removes its flip-flop, only gather alternating component, using bar
Special Butterworth bandpass filtering filters out low frequency and HFS in original iPPG data, obtains 0.7-4Hz passband signal, uses 10s
Rectangular window interception time domain iPPG signals, time domain iPPG signals are converted into by frequency domain iPPG signals by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT),
The peak value of frequency-region signal, as heartbeat frequency are found, obtains 0.15-0.6H passband signal, is cut using 10s rectangular window
Time domain iPPG signals are taken, time domain iPPG signals are converted into by frequency domain iPPG signals by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), find frequency domain letter
Number peak value, as respiratory rate.
Further, camera frame per second is 10 frames/s in methods described, and camera supports two kinds of color spaces of RGB and YCbCr, phase
Machine ultimate resolution is 1920 × 1286 pixels, and minimum resolution is 160 × 120 pixels, three kinds of colors in two kinds of color spaces
Equal 12 of passage encodes, manual-lock camera white balance.
Further, video flowing is gathered using the sliding time window for being fixed as 10s in methods described, is gathered when first time
After size of the duration of data full of window, the data processing in later stage is carried out, heart rate and breath signal is obtained, then often obtains one
Frame video image, then the first two field picture in window is cast out, using the second frame as the first frame, that frame of acquisition is as last
One frame, control window size it is constant, meanwhile, after the first frame video image obtained before, using CSK track algorithms with
Face in the video image that track newly obtains, and ROI is extracted, identical data analysis is carried out to next window, extracts heart rate
With breath signal, reach continuous, the purpose measured in real time.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention provides a kind of human heart rate and the contactless measurement of breathing,
Based on the principle of reflection type photoelectricity pulse tracing, under the irradiation of lamp, face is gathered using common camera
Continuous videos image, realize contactless heart rate and the real-time continuous measurement of breathing.
The measuring method and medical cardiographic detector measurement result of the present invention is basically identical, compared with prior art, this hair
Bright method reduces the artifact moved and brought using Face datection and CSK fast tracks algorithm, improves the sane of collection signal
Property.By suitably reducing the sample frequency of camera, a certain size dynamic sliding window is set, while each two field picture is carried out
Face tracking, ROI extractions, signal transacting, reach continuous measurement in real time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the experiment scene schematic diagram in embodiment.
Fig. 2 is pretreatment operation flow chart in embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the original iPPG signal transactings schematic diagram in embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the continuous instrumentation plan in embodiment.
Fig. 5 is that R, G, B triple channel separate schematic diagram in embodiment.
Fig. 6 is ECG and iPPG the signal data contrast schematic diagram of 20 groups of testers.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is illustrated below：
In the present embodiment, by way of the method for the present invention measures contrast experiment with medical cardiographic detector, propose
The embodiment of the inventive method, while carry out compliance test result.
Experimental design
20 volunteers have been invited in this experiment, and wherein men and women respectively accounts for 10 people, and the age is between 19-22 year.Before experiment starts
Experiment flow is introduced to testee in detail, obtains after they agree to and carries out related experiment.Every group of Therapy lasted about 1-2min,
The clock alarm program shown a C language is adopted as timer, every the iPPG data and the heart of 5s synchronous recording primary measured persons
Electromyographic data, 10 groups of data of every group of record.
In experimentation, measured requires that nature is sitting in the position of 1m or so before camera, normal respiration, and camera passes through
USB interface is connected with computer.Cardiographic detector is connected by standard with measured, startup program, through working as iPPG after a while
Start recording when data are synchronous with electrocardiogram (ECG) data, the measuring electrode of cardiographic detector is changed after being completed, carries out next group of survey
Examination.
20 groups of experimental subjects are divided into group on daytime and evening group, select to test on daytime and evening respectively, field experiment
Scape is as shown in figure 1, figure includes participant 1, camera 2, cardiographic detector 3, computer 4, vision signal 5.Experiment flow is constant.
After experiment terminates, next group of experiment is carried out by identical flow.
Material
Continuously acquired in experiment using cheap CMOS cameras (Logitech HD 720p) as light device is caught to realize
Data, camera frame per second are set as 10 frames/s.Camera support two kinds of color spaces (RGB and YCbCr), ultimate resolution be 1920 ×
1286 pixels, minimum resolution are 160 × 120 pixels, equal 12 codings of three kinds of Color Channels in each color space.Meanwhile by
Light compensation is had in the white balance of camera, certain interference is produced to iPPG signals, therefore, in experimentation, camera is put down in vain
Weighing apparatus is artificially closed.Cardiographic detector (Cardiac Trigger Monitor 3100, sample rate：It 1000Hz) be used to measure
Human body electrocardio figure, in experiment as a control group.IPPG data obtain input computer (Window10,64 bit manipulation systems by camera
System), handled online by MATLAB softwares (The MathWorks, Inc).
Pretreatment operation
As shown in Fig. 2 whole system is made up of image procossing and signal transacting two parts.In short, Face datection part
The first frame human face region in video flowing is detected, by the characteristic point in face, the region of face in subsequent video frame is followed the trail of, selects
Select appropriate area (capillary enriches) and be used as ROI.Because the iPPG signals contained by G passages are most strong, by extracting the G in ROI
Component, the higher primary signal of signal to noise ratio can be obtained.Original iPPG x (t) signal can be by G_ROI in all video flowings
The spatial averaging of (the G components of ROI image) obtains.
Preprocessing Algorithm in Fig. 2 mainly includes：(a) Face datection goes out video flowing the first frame human face region.(b) after following the trail of
Face in continuous video flowing, appropriate area is selected as ROI.(c) the G Color Channels of ROI region are extracted as original image number
According to.(d) image space average, original iPPG data are obtained.
Bio signal processing extraction heart rate signal
To obtain more clean pulse wave signal, interference of the surrounding tissue reflected light to pulse wave signal is reduced, is reduced simultaneously
Gaussian noise caused by collecting device, its flip-flop x is removed by carrying out space average to primary signalDC(t), so as to gathering
To higher proportion of alternating component xAC(t)：
xAC(t)=x (t)-μ formula 1
Fig. 3 is original iPPG signal transactings schematic diagram.Fig. 4 includes plus rectangular window 5, time domain xB(t) 6, frequency domain xB(t)7。
μ represents the space average of original iPPG signals.Butterworth filter bio signal processing in as commonly use
Filtering mode, the present invention filter out low frequency and HFS in original iPPG signals using Butterworth bandpass filtering, obtain
The passband signal x of [0.7-4Hz]B(t).Time domain iPPG signals are intercepted using 10s rectangular window, will by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Time domain iPPG signals are converted into frequency domain iPPG signals, find the peak value of frequency-region signal, as heartbeat frequency.Similarly, exist
Its peak value is found in the frequency-region signal of [0.15-0.6Hz], frequency corresponding to the peak value is respiratory rate.
F (ω)=FFT (xB(t)) formula 2
Continuous measurement heart rate in real time and the realization of breathing
We set the sliding window of 10s length in experiment, after first time gathered data is full of the size of window, carry out
The data processing in later stage, obtain heart rate signal.A frame video image is often then obtained, then is given up the first two field picture in window
Go, using the second frame as the first frame, for that frame of acquisition as last frame, control window size is constant, sliding to reach dynamic
The purpose of dynamic window.Meanwhile based on the video image obtained before after, use the video that newly obtains of CSK track algorithms tracking
Face in image, and ROI is extracted, data analysis is carried out to next window, heart rate and breath signal is extracted, makes heart rate with exhaling
The measurement of suction is continuously measured in time-domain, as shown in figure 4, Fig. 4 includes sliding window 8.
Original iPPG signals are made up of the Color Channel signal of R, G, B tri-, are the difference of more preferable comparison signal, to it
It is normalized, its otherness is shown by rectangle block diagram, as shown in figure 5, left side is time-domain signal in Fig. 5, right side
For frequency-region signal.As can be seen that the heart rate signal of G passages is relatively stronger.
To verify the uniformity of measuring method of the present invention and medical cardiographic detector measurement result, 20 groups of measurement data are entered
Row Mathematical Statistics Analysis.All measurement data are all recorded in table .1, its reacted daytime with night to measured ECG with
The measurement result of iPPG signals, describe the measurement data and average heart rate of continuous 10 groups of each tester.Fig. 6 shows 20 groups
The analysis result of measured's ECG and iPPG data, both mean errors are 1.73bpm.
Table 1
Fig. 6 is ECG and iPPG the signal data contrast schematic diagram of 20 groups of testers, mean error 1.73bpm.(a) generation
The data that vindication day measures.(b) data measured at night are represented.In figure as shown by data simultaneously the human body iPPG signals that collect with
The ECG signal goodness of fit is very high, and (a) (b) figure is drawn round the clock to the measurement data of 10 groups of testers respectively.
In this area, part researcher proposes image light Power Capacity pulse tracing (image Photo
Plethysmography, iPPG, i.e., the face that people is absorbed using common camera obtains color video, to skin face therein
Color change is amplified and therefrom extracts volumetric blood pulse wave, and it is that a kind of video using remote non-contact shooting obtains
The method for taking PPG signals.During heart contraction, peripheral blood volume increase；Conversely, during diastole, peripheral blood volume reduces.Due to
Blood is stronger to the absorbability of light than surrounding tissue, and the cycle of pulsating nature can be presented in the luminous intensity of surface reflection with heartbeat
Property change.Research shows that PPG signals can be obtained by detecting human face's color change by camera.Current research be all by regarding
The red, green, blue color channel values of pixel do space frame by frame respectively in area-of-interest (Regionof Interest, ROI) in frequency
It is average, PPG signals are therefrom extracted then with ICA, the methods of PCA, cICA, but these methods are all based on the side of statistics
Method, it is necessary to data volume it is big, it is impossible to be used in transient measurement, and calculate that complicated, stability is poor.The present invention proposes one kind and utilizes people
Face identifies and tracer technique, and sets dynamic slide window implementation heart rate and the stabilization of breathing, in real time, continuous measurement.So that
The technology can be suitably used for wider crowd.
Above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art,
Under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as this
The protection domain of invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of human heart rate and the contactless measurement of breathing, it is characterised in that methods described specifically includes：
Step 1 gathered data
Camera obtains the video flowing of detected face and video is streaming into computer, is entered by the MATLAB softwares on computer
The processing of row subsequent step two and step 3；
Step 2 pretreatment operation
Video flowing the first frame human face region is detected, follows the trail of the face in subsequent video stream, selects ROI region, separates ROI region
The Color Channels of RGB tri-, extraction G components be used as raw image data, image space average value processing is done to all ROI, acquisition
Primary light Power Capacity pulse wave data；
Step 3 obtains heart rate and respiratory rate
Primary light Power Capacity pulse wave data is normalized, removes its flip-flop, alternating component is only gathered, is irrigated using Bart
This bandpass filtering filters out low frequency and HFS in original iPPG data, obtains 0.7-4Hz passband signal, uses 10s square
Shape window intercepts time domain iPPG signals, and time domain iPPG signals are converted into frequency domain iPPG signals by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), finds
The peak value of frequency-region signal, as heartbeat frequency, 0.15-0.6H passband signal is obtained, when being intercepted using 10s rectangular window
Domain iPPG signals, time domain iPPG signals are converted into by frequency domain iPPG signals by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), find frequency-region signal
Peak value, as respiratory rate.
2. human heart rate as claimed in claim 1 and the contactless measurement of breathing, it is characterised in that in methods described
Camera frame per second is 10 frames/s, and camera supports two kinds of color spaces of RGB and YCbCr, and camera ultimate resolution is 1920 × 1286 pictures
Element, minimum resolution are 160 × 120 pixels, equal 12 codings of three kinds of Color Channels in two kinds of color spaces, manual-lock phase
Machine white balance.
3. human heart rate as claimed in claim 1 and the contactless measurement of breathing, it is characterised in that in methods described
Video flowing is gathered using the sliding time window for being fixed as 10s, after the duration of first time gathered data is full of the size of window,
The data processing in later stage is carried out, heart rate and breath signal is obtained, then often obtains a frame video image, then by first in window
Two field picture is cast out, and using the second frame as the first frame, as last frame, control window size is constant for that frame of acquisition, meanwhile,
After the first frame video image obtained before, the face in the video image newly obtained using the tracking of CSK track algorithms,
And ROI is extracted, identical data analysis is carried out to next window, heart rate and breath signal is extracted, reaches continuous, in real time measurement
Purpose.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109247923A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-22 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Contactless pulse real-time estimation method and equipment based on video |
| CN109363630A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-02-22 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | A kind of vital sign information measurement method and device |
| CN109431767A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-03-08 | 东北大学 | A kind of intelligent control method of rehabilitation medical air cushion clothes |
| CN109480808A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-03-19 | 深圳市君利信达科技有限公司 | A kind of heart rate detection method based on PPG, system, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN109363630A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-02-22 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | A kind of vital sign information measurement method and device |
| CN109480808A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-03-19 | 深圳市君利信达科技有限公司 | A kind of heart rate detection method based on PPG, system, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN109247923A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-22 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Contactless pulse real-time estimation method and equipment based on video |
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| CN111127511A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-05-08 | 玄云子智能科技(深圳)有限责任公司 | Non-contact heart rate monitoring method |
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