CN107356479B - Metal material tensile property evaluation method based on selective laser melting technology - Google Patents
Metal material tensile property evaluation method based on selective laser melting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN107356479B CN107356479B CN201710565254.1A CN201710565254A CN107356479B CN 107356479 B CN107356479 B CN 107356479B CN 201710565254 A CN201710565254 A CN 201710565254A CN 107356479 B CN107356479 B CN 107356479B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the tensile property of a metal material based on a selective laser melting technology, which comprises the following steps: spreading material powder to be evaluated on a substrate, and performing additive manufacturing molding on a plurality of tensile samples by using selective laser melting equipment; randomly intercepting at least one tensile sample from the substrate, and calculating the nominal cross-sectional area of the tensile sample; placing the substrate and the rest of the tensile samples on a mechanical property testing machine for tensile test, and recording a tensile force-displacement curve of each tensile sample; and carrying out data processing and analysis on the recorded tension-displacement curve of each tensile sample to obtain the maximum value, the minimum value and the distribution rule of the mechanical property of the material to be evaluated corresponding to the process condition. The evaluation method not only greatly reduces the cost of raw material powder, but also can obviously shorten the test period, and is particularly suitable for the process evaluation of initial material selection and additive manufacturing in the product design stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for evaluating the tensile property of a metal material based on a selective laser melting technology.
Background
Additive manufacturing is a revolutionary process that has developed over the last three decades, including selective laser melting, electron beam melting, and the like. It is not only a method for forming a member but also a method for preparing a material. Compared with the traditional manufacturing method, the heating and cooling speeds of the material in the additive manufacturing process are higher, and the microstructure of the obtained material is finer and more uniform.
At present, the method for evaluating the tensile property of the additive manufacturing material is to print a traditional tensile sample by using an additive manufacturing device, cut the tensile sample from a substrate and perform a tensile test. The process requires a long time and more raw materials, the number of printed samples on one substrate is limited, the number of samples for tensile test cannot be enough, the tensile property of the material prepared by the used process parameters cannot be comprehensively mastered, and the obtained tensile property has certain contingency. Longer cycles, more powder, increased time and cost are required if the number of samples to be tested is to be expanded. Therefore, how to coordinate the contradiction between the test period and the cost and the number of samples is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the contradiction between the tensile property test period and the cost of the additive manufacturing material and the number of test samples, the invention provides a metal material tensile property evaluation method based on a selective laser melting technology, which is realized by the following technical scheme and specifically comprises the following steps:
spreading material powder to be evaluated on a substrate, and performing additive manufacturing molding on a plurality of tensile samples by using selective laser melting equipment; randomly cutting at least one tensile sample from the substrate, and calculating the nominal cross-sectional area of the tensile sample; placing the substrate and the rest of the tensile samples on a mechanical property testing machine for tensile test, and recording a tensile force-displacement curve of each tensile sample; and carrying out data processing and analysis on the recorded tension-displacement curve of each tensile sample to obtain the maximum value, the minimum value and the distribution rule of the mechanical property of the material to be evaluated corresponding to the process condition.
Further, the material powder to be evaluated is melted point by point from point to line to face under the action of a heat source and accumulated layer by layer, the gauge length part of the tensile sample is a cylinder, and the scanning path of each layer is a unique triangle in the circular cross section outline of the tensile sample. The length of the gauge length part is integral multiple of the thickness of the powder laying layer in the selective laser melting forming process.
Further, the calculating the nominal cross-sectional area of the tensile specimen comprises the steps of: and after inlaying, grinding, polishing and corroding the intercepted at least one tensile sample, photographing and measuring the tensile sample by using a metallographic microscope, and then calculating the nominal cross section area of the tensile sample.
Optionally, the number of the taken tensile specimens is one, and the cross-sectional area of the tensile specimen is the nominal cross-sectional area. If the number of the tensile specimens cut out is more than one, the average of the cross-sectional areas of all the tensile specimens cut out is the nominal cross-sectional area.
Further, when the substrate and the rest of the tensile samples are placed in a mechanical property testing machine, the substrate is fixed by a clamp, and the tensile test of each tensile sample on the substrate is completed in sequence by moving the objective table.
Preferably, the remaining tensile specimens are at least 30 for tensile testing.
According to the method for evaluating the tensile property of metal additive manufacturing based on the selective laser melting technology, the material powder to be evaluated is directly formed on a metal substrate through the selective laser melting technology, and then a plurality of obtained tensile samples for additive manufacturing are placed on a mechanical property testing machine for tensile property testing. Compared with the traditional mechanical property testing method, the method is simple to operate and convenient to use, not only greatly reduces the cost of raw material powder, but also can obviously shorten the testing period, provides more test samples and test data for evaluating the tensile property of the material under a certain process, can more fully master the repeatability and the discreteness of the process, and is particularly suitable for the process evaluation of initial material selection and material increase manufacturing in the product design stage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a method for evaluating tensile properties of a metallic material based on a selective laser melting technique according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the laser scan path of the gauge length portion of a tensile specimen.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the contents described herein are only for illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the tensile property of a metal material based on a selective laser melting technology according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, a method 100 for evaluating the tensile properties of a metal material based on a selective laser melting technique includes the following steps:
and step S1, spreading the material powder to be evaluated on the substrate, and performing additive manufacturing and molding on a plurality of tensile samples by using a selective laser melting device.
Firstly, modeling geometric characteristics and sample quantity of a tensile sample by using CAD software, storing the model as an STL file, slicing the STL file by using slicing software, setting process parameters, and transmitting the set file to selective laser melting equipment for additive manufacturing.
In the additive manufacturing process, the material powder to be evaluated is melted point by point from point to line to face under the action of a heat source and accumulated layer by layer, a gauge length part of a tensile sample is a cylinder, each layer has 3 laser scanning positions 1, and a laser scanning path 2 is a unique triangle in a circular cross section outline 3 of the gauge length part, as shown in fig. 2. The length of the gauge length part is integral multiple of the thickness of the powder layer in the selective laser melting forming process. Multiple tensile specimens were printed using the same process parameters. And after the printing and forming of the tensile sample are finished, taking the substrate and the tensile sample out of the selective laser melting equipment.
And step S2, randomly cutting at least one tensile sample from the substrate, and calculating the nominal cross-sectional area of the tensile sample.
Calculating the nominal cross-sectional area of the tensile specimen comprises the steps of: and after inlaying, grinding, polishing and corroding the intercepted at least one tensile sample, photographing and measuring the tensile sample by using a metallographic microscope, and then calculating the nominal cross section area of the tensile sample.
Alternatively, if there is one tensile specimen taken, the cross-sectional area of the tensile specimen is the nominal cross-sectional area. If the number of the cut tensile specimens is more than one, the average of the cross-sectional areas of all the cut tensile specimens is taken as the nominal cross-sectional area.
And step S3, placing the substrate and the rest tensile samples on a mechanical property testing machine for tensile test, and recording the tensile force-displacement curve of each tensile sample.
Wherein at least 30 residual tensile samples are used for tensile test so as to more fully grasp repeatability and discreteness of the process. When the substrate and the rest tensile sample are placed in the mechanical property testing machine together, the substrate is fixed by the clamp and does not move in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, the other end of the tensile sample is clamped by the clamping mechanism of the tensile testing module, the testing machine is started after the tensile speed and other parameters are set, and the tensile sample is applied with tensile force by the chuck until the sample is broken. After the tensile test of one tensile sample is completed, the other tensile sample is moved to the position right below the tensile test module through the movable object stage, the samples are centered, clamped, applied with tensile force and broken, and the mechanical property testing machine records the change of the tensile force and the displacement of each tensile sample piece in the tensile process in real time and forms a tensile force-displacement curve. After the tensile test of one tensile specimen is completed, this action is repeated to perform the tensile test of the next tensile specimen until the tensile test of all the tensile specimens on the substrate is completed.
And step S4, performing data processing and analysis on the recorded tension-displacement curve of each tensile sample to obtain the maximum value, the minimum value and the distribution rule of the mechanical property of the material to be evaluated corresponding to the process condition.
Specifically, the tensile-displacement curve can be converted into a stress-strain curve according to the tensile-displacement curve of each tensile sample, the nominal cross-sectional area of the tensile sample and the length of the tensile sample, and the mechanical performance parameters such as the elastic modulus, the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation of each tensile sample are obtained. And comprehensively analyzing according to the mechanical property parameters of the plurality of tensile samples, thereby obtaining the maximum value, the minimum value and the distribution rule of the mechanical property of the material to be evaluated corresponding to the process condition.
The method 100 for evaluating the tensile property of the metal material based on the selective laser melting technology in the embodiment of the invention solves the contradiction between the test period and the cost and the number of test samples, provides more test samples and test data for evaluating the tensile property of the material under a certain process, can more fully master the repeatability and the discreteness of the process, and is particularly suitable for the process evaluation of initial material selection and additive manufacturing in the product design stage.
It should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for evaluating the tensile property of a metal material based on a selective laser melting technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
spreading material powder to be evaluated on a substrate, and performing additive manufacturing molding on a plurality of tensile samples by using selective laser melting equipment;
randomly cutting at least one tensile sample from the substrate, and calculating the nominal cross-sectional area of the tensile sample; when the intercepted tensile sample is one, the cross-sectional area of the tensile sample is the nominal cross-sectional area; when the number of the intercepted tensile samples is more than one, the average value of the cross section areas of all the intercepted tensile samples is the nominal cross section area; wherein said calculating the nominal cross-sectional area of the tensile specimen comprises the steps of: after inlaying, grinding, polishing and corroding the intercepted at least one tensile sample, photographing and measuring the tensile sample by using a metallographic microscope, and then calculating the nominal cross section area of the tensile sample;
placing the substrate and the rest of the tensile samples on a mechanical property testing machine, fixing the substrate by a clamp, sequentially completing the tensile test of each tensile sample on the substrate by moving an objective table, and recording the tension-displacement curve of each tensile sample; and
converting the tension-displacement curve into a stress-strain curve according to the recorded tension-displacement curve of each tension sample, the nominal cross-sectional area of each tension sample and the length of each tension sample, and obtaining the mechanical property parameters of each tension sample; and carrying out comprehensive analysis according to the mechanical property parameters of the plurality of tensile samples to obtain the maximum value, the minimum value and the distribution rule of the mechanical property of the material to be evaluated corresponding to the process condition.
2. The method for evaluating the tensile property of the metallic material according to claim 1, wherein the powder of the material to be evaluated is melted point by point from point to line to face under the action of a heat source and is accumulated layer by layer.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the gauge length portion of the tensile specimen is a cylinder and the scan path of each layer is a unique triangle within its circular cross-sectional profile.
4. The method for evaluating the tensile property of the metallic material according to claim 3, wherein the length of the gauge length part of the tensile sample is an integral multiple of the thickness of the powder laying layer in the selective laser melting forming process.
5. The method for evaluating the tensile property of a metallic material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of the remaining tensile specimens is at least 30 for the tensile test.
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| CN108593432B (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2021-07-30 | 同济大学 | Cross-shaped biaxial tension metal sheet test piece for yield behavior test and preparation method thereof |
| CN108982181B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-03-20 | 西南交通大学 | Additive material high-throughput sample preparation method, characterization platform and characterization experiment method |
| CN108982220B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2021-07-16 | 深圳意动航空科技有限公司 | Method for evaluating local mechanical property of metal additive manufacturing formed part |
| CN109856042A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-07 | 武汉理工大学 | The overall corrosion resistance detection method of SLM shaped metal articles |
| CN109839301A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-04 | 国家电网有限公司 | A kind of steel twists the detection method of aerial earth wire extent of corrosion |
| CN110243674A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-09-17 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of mechanical property lossless detection method of SLM shaped metal articles |
| CN110174309B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2022-02-22 | 宁波大学 | Sample design method for local melting of metal material fracture under fatigue load |
| CN113118458B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2023-04-07 | 江西省科学院应用物理研究所 | Prediction method for tensile property of metal component formed by selective laser melting |
| CN114216763A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-03-22 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Method for evaluating laser selective melting forming performance of titanium alloy material |
| CN114526993B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-09-15 | 北京理工大学重庆创新中心 | Quantitative evaluation method for repeatability of material fracture performance test under complex stress state |
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| CN102382998A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-03-21 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Method for preparing in situ titanium-based composite material and part |
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Effective date of registration: 20201010 Address after: 518000 303, room 5, Huiyuan, 1088, Xue Yuan Avenue, Taoyuan street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong. Patentee after: SHENZHEN YIDONG AVIATION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 1088 No. 518000 Guangdong city of Shenzhen province Nanshan District Xili Xueyuan Road Patentee before: SOUTH University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA |