CN107355540B - Gap self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure - Google Patents
Gap self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107355540B CN107355540B CN201710711300.4A CN201710711300A CN107355540B CN 107355540 B CN107355540 B CN 107355540B CN 201710711300 A CN201710711300 A CN 201710711300A CN 107355540 B CN107355540 B CN 107355540B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
- F16J15/3284—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings characterised by their structure; Selection of materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a clearance self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure, which comprises a plurality of sections of sealing blocks connected into a ring by a circumferential spring, wherein the sealing blocks are embedded in a sealing block mounting groove of a stator, a plurality of rings of sealing teeth are axially arranged on an inner ring of the sealing blocks, a conical slope is arranged on the outer circumference of a rotor matched with the sealing teeth, a conical surface is formed on the outer circumference of the conical slope around the rotor, and the sealing teeth are arranged along a direction parallel to the conical slope; the sealing block is positioned in the sealing block mounting groove through an axial spring which is axially arranged, and an axial yielding space is arranged between the sealing block and the sealing block mounting groove. The sealing structure can adaptively adjust the sealing gap along with the increase of the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the seal, and in the adjusting process, the sealing block can act along the axial direction (the fluid flowing direction) and is matched with the slope structure of the surface of the rotor, so that the sealing gap is reduced, and finally the leakage is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a sealing structure, in particular to a sealing structure adopted in rotary machinery, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure capable of gradually reducing a gap along with the increase of pressure difference between fluid at the upstream and downstream of sealing.
Background
Seals employed in rotary machines achieve the goal of reducing fluid leakage by increasing the resistance to fluid flow. The method is characterized in that a series of non-contact throttling gaps and vortex chambers are arranged on a channel through which fluid flows, when the fluid flows through a narrow channel formed by the sealing teeth and the corresponding rotor surface, the fluid is continuously throttled, gradually depressurized and expanded to accelerate, the fluid dissipates kinetic energy of the fluid with high speed into heat energy through turbulent vortex through rotation and friction in the vortex chambers, the heat energy is absorbed by the fluid, the specific volume of the fluid is increased, and the initial speed reaching the inlet of the next gap is reduced. For multi-tooth sealing, the pressure difference of each sealing tooth is gradually reduced, and the lower the flow velocity flowing through each sealing tooth is, the specific volume of gas is gradually increased, so that the air leakage of sealing is greatly reduced, and the sealing effect is achieved.
Sealing synergy in rotary machines has long been a focus of attention of researchers. The research on sealing synergy at home and abroad mainly focuses on the following aspects: turbulence increases resistance, blade tip or cylinder structure improves design and reduces seal clearance. Among them, the reduction of the seal clearance is the most direct and effective measure for reducing the seal leakage amount and improving the seal efficiency, and brush seals and the later-occurring fingertip and blade seals are typical representatives thereof. The seal teeth of the seal type adopt a flexible structure, and can be retracted to a limited extent when being contacted with a rotor, and the seal has a good sealing effect, but the friction between the seal and a rotating part is unavoidable due to a small clearance and even a negative clearance, and the seal and the rotating part can vibrate greatly in severe cases, and the clearance is always larger than that in the beginning of installation due to abrasion of a contact part when the seal type is used for a long time, so that the sealing effect is greatly reduced.
Another idea for solving the contradiction between leakage and wear resistance is to design the sealing gap to be adjustable. The specific method is that the sealed dynamic and static gap is changed by directly measuring the sealed gap or monitoring acoustic emission signals, temperature signals and the like and applying feedback force by piezoelectric crystals, compressed air, hydraulic oil, electromagnets and the like. The seal type is represented by an adjustable seal designed by the Blaine company in the United states, the Blaine seal replaces a flat spring at the back of a traditional seal ring with a spiral spring, and fluid at the upstream of the seal directly acts on the back of the seal ring to enable the seal to reach a closed position, and a seal radial clearance set value is maintained. The adjustable sealing structure of the Bladeon seal is complex, the seal is required to be capable of freely expanding and contracting in the radial direction, when the sealing body contracts in the radial direction, a certain contraction gap is reserved between two adjacent seals, the leakage amount is easy to increase due to the fact that the gap is too large, the gap is easy to be blocked due to the fact that the contraction and blocking of the sealing block occur due to dirt, the reliability is low in practical application, and after the adjustable sealing structure is introduced into China, faults of sealing gap imbalance occur in many units.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: aiming at the defect that the existing Briden sealing structure is easy to cause clearance imbalance, the self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure which can gradually reduce the clearance along with the increase of the pressure difference between the upstream and the downstream of the sealing is provided, and when the self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure works, the action direction is different from the radial shrinkage movement of the traditional adjustable sealing, but the self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure acts along the axial direction (the fluid flow direction) and is matched with the slope treatment of the surface of the rotor, so that the sealing clearance is reduced, and finally the leakage is greatly reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the clearance self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure comprises a plurality of sections of sealing blocks 2 which are connected into a ring by a circumferential spring 5, wherein the sealing blocks 2 are embedded in a sealing block mounting groove 11 of a stator 1, a plurality of rings of sealing teeth 21 are axially arranged on the inner ring of the sealing blocks 2, a conical slope 41 is arranged on the outer circumference of the rotor 4 matched with the sealing teeth 21, a conical surface is formed on the outer circumference of the conical slope 41 around the rotor, and the sealing teeth 21 are arranged along the direction parallel to the conical slope; the sealing block 2 is positioned in the sealing block mounting groove 11 through an axial spring 3 which is axially arranged, and an axial relief space 12 is arranged between the sealing block 2 and the sealing block mounting groove 11.
Further, the lower end of the conical ramp 41 is located upstream of the sealing fluid and the upper end of the conical ramp 41 is located downstream of the sealing fluid.
Further, the axial spring 3 is compressed and arranged between one side of the sealing block 2 near the high end of the conical slope and the sealing block mounting groove 11.
Preferably, the axial spring 3 is a coil spring.
In the clearance self-adaptive sealing structure, the conical slope 41 is a conical surface machined on the surface of a cylindrical rotor or a section of the rotor adopting an integral conical structure.
Preferably, the inclination angle of the conical slope 41 is 5 to 10 °.
Compared with the prior art, the clearance self-adaptive adjustment sealing structure provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the sealing structure provided by the invention, the axial spring is arranged on the side surface of the sealing block, a certain yielding space is reserved in the sealing block mounting groove and the axial direction of the sealing block, and the sealing block is matched with the conical slope surface of the rotor, so that the sealing block and the sealing teeth can achieve the purposes of adaptively reducing the sealing gap and reducing the sealing leakage under the action of the upstream and downstream fluid pressure difference and the side axial spring force between the rotor and the stator.
(2) The rotor surface of the sealing structure is subjected to slope treatment, and when the sealing teeth of the sealing block rub against the rotor surface, the axial component force of the rubbing force can lead the sealing to automatically retract away from the slope surface of the rotor, so that the abrasion of the sealing teeth caused by the aggravation of rubbing is avoided;
(3) The sealing structure provided by the invention is simple and easy to manufacture, and most of the sealing used in the field at present can be conveniently improved by modifying the sealing structure and performing slope treatment on the surface of the rotor.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an assembly schematic diagram of a gap-adaptive seal structure in an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of movement of a gap-adaptive seal structure in an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a force analysis diagram of a gap-adaptive seal structure in an embodiment.
Reference numerals in the drawings: the stator comprises a stator body, a sealing block mounting groove 11, an axial relief space 12, a sealing block 2, a sealing tooth 21, a spring 3, a rotor 4, a conical slope 41 and a circumferential spring 5.
Detailed Description
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the clearance self-adaptive adjustment sealing structure in the drawing is a preferred scheme of the invention, and the sealing structure is arranged on a stator 1 of a rotary machine shaft end or a blade top and the like where sealing is needed, and is matched with a rotor 4 to play a role in sealing.
Specifically, seal structure includes sealing block 2 and sets up the axial spring 3 in the sealing block side, sealing block 2 adopts broach seal structure, connect into the ring with the sealing block 2 of circular arc section by a plurality of sections circumference spring 5, and inlay sealing block 2 in the sealing block mounting groove 11 that stator 1 inner wall set up, be equipped with the seal tooth 21 that contacts with rotor outer circumference surface on sealing block 2, all sealing blocks 2 are installed round along the circumference of stator 1, connect through circumference spring 5 between the adjacent sealing blocks, and guarantee certain radial tight force, circumference spring 5 can guarantee the elasticity setting of sealing block 2 in radial direction, make the sealing block can possess certain elasticity allowance in the radial, when taking place to bump in the calm, realize the clearance adjustment between the seal tooth 21 on the sealing block and rotor 4.
In this embodiment, the outer circumference of the rotor 4 contacting with the seal teeth 21 is provided with a conical slope 41, the conical slope 41 forms a continuous conical surface around the outer circumference of the rotor, the seal teeth 21 are arranged in the axial direction by a plurality of circles, and the corresponding circles of seal teeth 21 are arranged in the direction parallel to the conical slope, that is, the tip connecting line of the seal teeth 21 is parallel to the conical slope, so that when the seal block moves axially, the gaps between all seal teeth 21 and the conical slope can be ensured to be consistent.
In practical applications, the conical slope 41 may be a conical surface machined on the surface of a cylindrical rotor, or a section of a rotor with an integral conical structure.
The sealing block 2 is positioned and assembled in the sealing block mounting groove 11 through the axially arranged axial spring 3, and an axial yielding space 12 is arranged between the sealing block 2 and the sealing block mounting groove 11. In this embodiment, the lower end of the conical slope 41 is near the upstream of the sealing fluid, the higher end of the conical slope 41 is near the downstream of the sealing fluid, the axial spring 3 is compressed and arranged between one side of the sealing block 2 near the higher end of the conical slope and the sealing block mounting groove 11, the axial spring 3 adopts a spiral spring, one end of the axial spring is fixedly embedded in the sealing block mounting groove of the stator, the other end of the axial spring is compressed and contacted with the end face of the sealing block 2, the sealing block 2 is axially pressed and positioned in the sealing block mounting groove, the sealing teeth 21 on the sealing block 2 are ensured to be far away from the conical slope 41 under the thrust action of no sealing fluid, and the space between the sealing teeth 21 and the conical slope is the largest.
The axial spring 3 in this embodiment is a compressed spring, and maintains a certain axial pre-tightening force on the sealing block 2 after installation, when working, the pressure difference between the fluid at the upstream and downstream of the sealing block 2 overcomes the axial pre-tightening force, so that the axial spring 3 is further compressed, the elastic force of the axial spring 3 becomes larger, and finally, the axial spring is balanced with the axial fluid pressure borne by the sealing block 2, and in this process, when the sealing block 2 axially yields under the fluid pressure, the gap between the conical inclined surface 41 on the rotor 4 and the sealing teeth 21 is reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the leakage.
In general, the seal is operated with an upstream pressure P of the seal up Will be greater than the downstream pressure P down As shown in fig. 1, if the sealing block is not fixed in the flow direction, under the action of the upstream-downstream pressure difference, axial displacement (in the flow direction) will be generated, and if the technical scheme of the invention is matched, the slope treatment is performed on the surface of the rotor, so that the effect of reducing the sealing gap can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, the broken line indicates the position before the movement of the seal block, and the solid line indicates the position after the movement of the seal block. h is a 1 To seal the gap between the teeth 21 and the rotor surface conical ramp 41 when no movement is occurring; h is a 2 To seal the gap between the seal teeth 21 and the rotor surface conical ramp 41 after movement under the action of upstream and downstream pressure differences; θ is the surface slope angle of the conical ramp 41; l is the upstream-downstream pressure difference of the sealing block 2The horizontal displacement of the yielding movement occurs under the action. The expression of the gap variation Δh when the sealing block 2 moves axially under the pressure difference can be derived:
Δh＝h 1 -h 2 ＝L·sinθ
from the above, the clearance expression of the seal tooth 21 and the rotor surface conical slope 41 after the seal block is let out can be obtained:
h 2 ＝h 1 -L·sinθ
in actual operation, after the sealing block moves axially under the action of pressure difference, the gap h is sealed 2 Depending on the displacement L of the movement of the sealing block and the surface gradient angle theta of the conical slope of the surface of the rotor, the ideal matching size can be achieved by adjusting the sealing yielding horizontal distance L and the gradient angle theta of the conical slope of the surface of the rotor and the sealing matching surface in practical application.
The adjustable sealing type provided by the invention can also effectively avoid the influence of friction between the sealing teeth and the surface of the rotor caused by the reduction of the clearance, and the specific analysis is as follows:
as shown in the stress analysis chart of the sealing body in fig. 3, it is assumed that the resultant force of the fluid under the action of the upstream fluid pressure difference is
The elastic force of the axial spring (compression spring) is +.>
When the stability is reached, the pair of forces reach an equilibrium state, at which the clearance between the seal tooth 21 and the rotor surface conical ramp 41 is kept at a certain value. When the seal tooth 21 collides with the rotor surface conical slope 41, it is assumed that the seal tooth 21 is subjected to a friction force of +.>
The force direction is perpendicular to the rotor surface conical ramp 41 direction, the friction force +.>
Can be decomposed into radial force->
And axial force->
Radial force->
Balanced with the radial restraining force of the sealing back (provided by the circumferential spring), while the axial force +.>
The sealing block can move in the direction opposite to the fluid flow direction, and the sealing teeth are far away from the conical slope of the rotor surface, so that the friction is prevented from being aggravated, that is, when the sealing teeth and the rotor surface are rubbed, the sealing provided by the invention can automatically retract to eliminate the friction.
While the foregoing embodiments have described the basic underlying principles and features of the invention as well as the advantages thereof, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments and description merely illustrates the specific principles of the invention, but rather various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a clearance self-adaptation adjustment seal structure, includes sealing block (2) that a plurality of sections are connected into the ring by circumference spring (5), sealing block (2) inlay dress is in sealing block mounting groove (11) of stator (1), the inner circle of sealing block (2) is equipped with a plurality of rings of seal tooth (21), its characterized in that along the axial:
the outer circumference of the rotor (4) matched with the sealing teeth (21) is provided with a conical slope (41), the conical slope (41) forms a conical surface around the outer circumference of the rotor, and the sealing teeth (21) are arranged along the direction parallel to the conical slope;
the sealing block (2) is positioned in the sealing block mounting groove (11) through an axial spring (3) which is axially arranged, and an axial yielding space (12) is arranged between the sealing block (2) and the sealing block mounting groove (11).
2. The gap-adaptive seal arrangement of claim 1, wherein a low end of the conical ramp (41) is proximate an upstream of the sealing fluid and a high end of the conical ramp (41) is proximate a downstream of the sealing fluid.
3. The clearance self-adaptive sealing structure according to claim 2, wherein the axial spring (3) is compressively arranged between one side of the sealing block (2) near the high end of the conical slope and the sealing block mounting groove (11).
4. The gap-adaptive sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial spring (3) is a coil spring.
5. A gap-adaptive sealing arrangement according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the conical ramp (41) is a conical surface machined into the surface of a cylindrical rotor or a section of the rotor in a unitary conical structure.
6. The gap-adaptive sealing structure according to claim 4, wherein the inclination angle of the conical slope (41) is 5 to 10 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710711300.4A CN107355540B (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2017-08-18 | Gap self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710711300.4A CN107355540B (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2017-08-18 | Gap self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure |
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| CN107355540A CN107355540A (en) | 2017-11-17 |
| CN107355540B true CN107355540B (en) | 2023-07-14 |
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| CN201710711300.4A Active CN107355540B (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2017-08-18 | Gap self-adaptive adjusting sealing structure |
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| WO2014129371A1 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Shaft seal device and rotary machine |
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