CN107351730A - A kind of electric railway train does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system and its operation method - Google Patents
A kind of electric railway train does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system and its operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107351730A CN107351730A CN201710583704.XA CN201710583704A CN107351730A CN 107351730 A CN107351730 A CN 107351730A CN 201710583704 A CN201710583704 A CN 201710583704A CN 107351730 A CN107351730 A CN 107351730A
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- current sensing
- sensing device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60M3/00—Feeding power to supply lines in contact with collector on vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
- B60M3/04—Arrangements for cutting in and out of individual track sections
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of electric railway train and does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system, including four current sensing devices, two switch elements, voltage transformer and switch board, it is installed in electric split-phase areas adjacent, wherein, one current sensing device is installed respectively on the contact net lines of each power supply zone, two current sensing devices are installed on neutral section contact net lines；Two switch elements are connected across on the contact net lines of two phase-splitting insulation device both sides respectively, and voltage transformer is connected on neutral section contact net lines.Each current sensing device, switch element, voltage transformer are connected by cable with switch board.The system realizes the perception of train operation position and being switched fast for traction current phase sequence using Current Voltage detection technique and solid-state switch handoff technique, suitable for the electric railway of various forms electricity split-phase.The system architecture is simple, easy to use, and prior art is superior in terms of security, reliability, maintenance-free and economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway electrification technical field, more particularly to a kind of electric railway train not to power off automatically too
Phase system and its operation method.
Background technology
China's electric railway traction power supply uses single phase industrial frequency AC system formula, in order to balance three-phase ac power as far as possible
Each phase load of system, the traction power supply scheme of subregion rotation phase sequence is generally used at present.In order to prevent phase fault, different phases
Need to set one section of usually uncharged neutral section to carry out electric insulation separation between the adjacent power supply zone of sequence, referred to as electric split-phase or
Split-phase.The electric railway of early stage typically uses device type electricity split-phase, i.e., sets one respectively at the both ends of neutral section contact net lines
The electric insulation that individual neutral section insulator is carried out between different phase sequences separates.Current newly-built speed per hour 160km and the above electric railway
Generally use mechanical performance and the relatively reliable double-fracture Overlapping Electrical Sectioning Device of insulating properties, double-fracture overlap formula electricity
Split-phase is actually to be spliced by two continuous insulated overlaps, is touched net between two insulated overlaps with a piece-root grafting
Line forms neutral section.Hereinafter, neutral section insulator and insulated overlap are referred to as phase-splitting insulation device.
At present, when electric locomotive or EMUs (hereafter referred to collectively as " train ") cross split-phase, train powered off split-phase mode
Automatic passing over of neutral section mode is not powered off with train, wherein the former is more common.
It is that train cuts off traction power supply power supply before logical phase splitting that train, which powered off split-phase mode, is sailed out of after electric split-phase again
Recover the working method of connection traction power supply power supply.Train powers off coasting during split-phase is crossed, and can only lean on the operation inertia of itself
Phase splitting is rushed, causes train speed to decline, Train Schedule increases, rail transportation efficiency reduces.If electric split-phase is located at
On big up gradient, train speed, which declines, will be apparent from.Therefore, in up gradient section, heavy haul railway and the high-speed railway of growing up, row
Car powers off harmful effect of the phase splitting mode to conevying efficiency and can not be ignored, and this technical scheme for being unfavorable for operation is not at this
In the range of the discussion of patent target.
Train do not power off automatic passing over of neutral section mode be using be installed on automatic neutral-section passing system on trackside ground or post or
Device, which is selected a good opportunity, to be accessed the contact net traction power supply power supply rotation of electric split-phase both sides on the contact net lines of neutral section, makes train continuous
The logical phase splitting of electricity.Ripe train does not power off automatic passing over of neutral section technology mostly using the mechanical switch side for having contact at present
Formula, its major defect have two：First, the service life of switch is limited, maintenance cost is very high, second, can be produced during switch on-off temporarily
State process, easily cause overvoltage or overcurrent, or even damage device, initiation failure.In addition, do not power off automatic passing over of neutral section in train
Technical field, also there are some disclosed documents delivered to start to inquire into contactless solid-state switch to electric split-phase neutrality section at present
Connect and draw traction power supply power supply, with more wheel counting apparatus come perceive and record Train Approaching, into and sail out of the overall process of electric split-phase, enter
And control the power supply timing of neutral section.Their weak point has：First, solid-state switch connects the practicality for the circuit structure for drawing power supply
Property, economic rationality, fault redundance etc. still have to be optimized；Two be due to that wheel counting apparatus is installed on rail, works department dimension
It is related to cumbersome cooperating when repairing or change rail, and wheel counting apparatus is easily occurred train by external interference and perceives mistake, shadow
Ring the correctness of neutral section power supply timing；In addition, wheel counting apparatus needs supporting reliable and stable do not have a power failure working power and complicated knot
Circuit is closed, the shortcomings that restoration after a failure is cumbersome, construction investment is big also be present.
It is therefore desirable to design a kind of electric railway train that can overcome above-mentioned technological deficiency not power off automatic passing over of neutral section
System.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the defect of prior art, there is provided a kind of electric railway train does not power off automatically
Neutral-section passing system, to cause the perception to train position and record more precisely, more rapidly, the switching time of traction power supply power supply is more
Short, system architecture is simpler, is more saved using more convenient, construction investment.
What the present invention was realized in：
The present invention provides a kind of electric railway train and does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system, and the system includes four electric currents
Perceptron, two switch elements, voltage transformer and switch board, each current sensing device, each switch element, voltage transformer with
And switch board is mounted on electric split-phase areas adjacent.
The electric split-phase region includes three sections of contact net lines and two phase-splitting insulation devices, and three sections of contact net lines are respectively
First area's contact net lines, neutral section contact net lines and second area's contact net lines, two phase-splitting insulation devices are respectively to connect the
First phase-splitting insulation device of one area's contact net lines and neutral section contact net lines and it is connected second area's contact net lines and neutral section
Second phase-splitting insulation device of contact net lines.
Four current sensing devices are respectively the first current sensing device, the second current sensing device, the 3rd current sensing device
And the 4th current sensing device, wherein：
First current sensing device is arranged on first area's contact net lines, the first current sensing device and the first phase-splitting insulation device
The distance between electric region border has been perceived more than or equal to train by maximum allowable travel speed in the first current sensing device
The distance travelled in the delay time that traction current turns on to first switch unit；
Second current sensing device is arranged on neutral section contact net lines and close to the first phase-splitting insulation device, the second electric current sense
Know that the distance on device and the second phase-splitting insulation device non-Electric region border is more than or equal to two or more pantographs on train while risen
The distance on most longbow spacing when rising, the second current sensing device and the first phase-splitting insulation device non-Electric region border is more than or equal to row
Car perceives the delay that traction current turns on to first switch unit by maximum allowable travel speed in the second current sensing device
The distance of traveling in time；
3rd current sensing device is arranged on neutral section contact net lines and close to the second phase-splitting insulation device, the 3rd electric current sense
It is all to rise to know that the distance on device and the first phase-splitting insulation device non-Electric region border is more than or equal to two or more pantographs on train
The distance on most longbow spacing when rising, the 3rd current sensing device and the second phase-splitting insulation device non-Electric region border is more than or equal to row
Car perceives the delay that traction current turns on to second switch unit by maximum allowable travel speed in the 3rd current sensing device
The distance of traveling in time；
4th current sensing device is arranged on second area's contact net lines, the 4th current sensing device and the second phase-splitting insulation device
The distance between electric region border is perceived in the 4th current sensing device by maximum allowable travel speed more than or equal to train and led
Draw the distance travelled in the delay time that electric current turns on to second switch unit.
Two switch elements are respectively first switch unit and second switch unit, and first switch unit is series at
Between one area's contact net lines and neutral section contact net lines, second switch unit is series at second area's contact net lines and the contact of neutral section
Between netting twine.
The voltage transformer is installed on the region between two phase-splitting insulation devices, and one end of the voltage transformer connects
Neutral section contact net lines are connect, other end ground connection, is either connected on rail or steel is connected to by a signal choke transformer
On rail.
Four current sensing devices, two switch elements and voltage transformer are connected by cable and switch board
Connect；The state letter of the monitoring information and each switch element of each current sensing device of switch board continuous acquisition and voltage transformer output
Breath, analysis judgement is carried out by the sequential relationship to information and logical relation, controls the conducting and shut-off of respective switch unit.
Further, the current sensing device includes current transformer, in addition to passes through the wire of the current transformer
Or current-carrying type carrier cable, wire or current-carrying the type carrier cable are parallel on contact net lines；Current sensing device utilizes parallel circuit
Shunting principle monitoring contact net lines whether have traction current.
Further, two switch elements use identical structure, wherein：
It is standby that first switch unit includes the first solid-state switch, the first disconnecting switch, the first standby solid-state switch and first
With disconnecting switch, the first solid-state switch and the first disconnecting switch connect to form the first series circuit, the first series circuit connected in series in
Between first area's contact net lines and neutral section contact net lines, the first reserve isolators connect to be formed with the first standby solid-state switch
First standby series circuit, the first standby series circuit are in parallel with the first series circuit；First series circuit and the first standby string
Connection circuit is mutually redundant standby, and under normality, the first disconnecting switch is in closure state, and the first reserve isolators are in disjunction shape
State, the first standby solid-state switch is as the standby of the first solid-state switch, namely the first standby series circuit is as the first series electrical
Road it is standby；
It is standby that second switch unit includes the second solid-state switch, the second disconnecting switch, the second standby solid-state switch and second
With disconnecting switch, the second solid-state switch and the second disconnecting switch connect to form the second series circuit, the second series circuit connected in series in
Between second area's contact net lines and neutral section contact net lines, the second reserve isolators connect to be formed with the second standby solid-state switch
Second standby series circuit, the second standby series circuit are in parallel with the second series circuit；Second series circuit and the second standby string
Connection circuit is mutually redundant standby, and under normality, the second disconnecting switch is in closure state, and the second reserve isolators are in disjunction shape
State, the second standby solid-state switch is as the standby of the second solid-state switch, namely the second standby series circuit is as the second series electrical
Road it is standby.
Further, the switch board is also interconnected by communication network and Power telecontrol system；Switch board is to power remote
System provides the status information of each switch element, and receives the remote control commands of Power telecontrol system, controls respective switch list
The closure of member and disjunction.
The present invention operation method that a kind of electric railway train does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system is also provided, when train from
When first area's contact net lines are to second area's contact net lines direction running, the operation method comprises the following steps：
S11, after the pantograph of train crosses the first current sensing device, the first current sensing device monitors traction current,
Switch board triggers the conducting of first switch unit therewith, connects the traction power supply power supply on first area's contact net lines guide to neutrality in advance
On section contact net lines；
S12, train continue traveling to neutral section contact net lines and obtain traction power supply power supply by first area's contact net lines；
S13, after the pantograph of train crosses the second current sensing device, the second current sensing device monitors traction current；
S14, after the pantograph of train crosses the 3rd current sensing device, the 3rd current sensing device monitors traction current,
Switch board turns off first switch unit therewith, then the first current sensing device, the second current sensing device and the 3rd current sensing
Device is monitored less than traction current, and switch board triggers the conducting of second switch unit therewith, in advance by second area's contact net lines
Traction power supply power supply, which connects, to be guided on neutral section contact net lines, and the 4th current sensing device monitors traction current；
S15, after all pantographs on train cross the 4th current sensing device, the 4th current sensing device monitoring less than
Traction current, switch board turn off second switch unit therewith；
When train is from second area's contact net lines to first area's contact net lines direction running, the operation method includes following
Step：
S21, after the pantograph of train crosses the 4th current sensing device, the 4th current sensing device monitors traction current,
Switch board triggers the conducting of second switch unit therewith, connects the traction power supply power supply on second area's contact net lines guide to neutrality in advance
On section contact net lines；
S22, train continue to obtain traction power supply electricity after travelling to neutral section contact net lines and by second area's contact net lines
Source；
S23, after pantograph crosses the 3rd current sensing device, the 3rd current sensing device monitors traction current；
S24, after pantograph crosses the second current sensing device, the second current sensing device monitors traction current, switch board
Second switch unit is turned off therewith, and then the 4th current sensing device, the 3rd current sensing device and the second current sensing device are supervised
Traction current is not detected, switch board triggers the conducting of first switch unit, in advance supplies the traction on first area's contact net lines therewith
Power supply, which connects, to be guided on neutral section contact net lines, and the first current sensing device monitors traction current；
S25, after all pantographs cross the first current sensing device on train, the monitoring of the first current sensing device is less than leading
Draw electric current, switch board turns off first switch unit therewith.
Further, when train driving is to region between the first current sensing device and the 4th current sensing device, if
Voltage transformer does not have a signal output, and the system alarm is simultaneously out of service；When Train Approaching the first current sensing device and the 4th
Before region between current sensing device, or the region sailed out of between the first current sensing device and the 4th current sensing device it
Afterwards, if voltage transformer has a signal output, the system alarm is simultaneously out of service.
Further, the switch board is interconnected by communication network and Power telecontrol system；Switch board is to power remote system
System provides the status information of two switch elements, and Power telecontrol system is sent out according to the status information of two switch elements to switch board
Remote control commands are sent, switch board controls two switch elements according to remote control commands.
The present invention also provides the operation method that a kind of electric railway train does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system：First switch
In unit, during normal operation, the first series circuit is devoted oneself to work, and is made by manual control mode or by switch board mechanical control mode
First disconnecting switch closure, the first reserve isolators shut-off, afterwards, by switch board control the first solid-state switch conducting come
The conducting of first switch unit is realized, the pass of first switch unit is realized by the shut-off of switch board the first solid-state switch of control
It is disconnected；When the first solid-state switch failure or the first series circuit failure, change and devoted oneself to work by the first standby series circuit, pass through people
Work control mode turns off the first disconnecting switch, the first reserve isolators closure by switch board mechanical control mode, afterwards, leads to
Crossing switch board controls the conducting of the first standby solid-state switch to realize the conducting of first switch unit, passes through switch board control first
Standby solid-state switch is turned off to realize the shut-off of first switch unit；
In second switch unit, during normal operation, the second series circuit is devoted oneself to work, and by manual control mode or is passed through
Switch board mechanical control mode makes the second disconnecting switch closure, the shut-off of the second reserve isolators, afterwards, second is controlled by switch board
Solid-state switch is turned on to realize the conducting of second switch unit, is realized by the shut-off of switch board the second solid-state switch of control
The shut-off of second switch unit；When the second solid-state switch failure or the second series circuit failure, change by the second standby series electrical
Road is devoted oneself to work, by manual control mode or by switch board mechanical control mode make the second disconnecting switch turn off, second it is standby every
Leave closing to close, afterwards, the conducting of second switch unit realized by the conducting of switch board the second standby solid-state switch of control,
The shut-off of second switch unit is realized by the shut-off of switch board the second standby solid-state switch of control.
Further, when being overhauled to the system, or two solid-state switches in same switch element are equal
When breakdown, all disconnecting switch in two switch elements are manipulated into disjunction state.
The invention has the advantages that：
1st, wheel counting apparatus is replaced using current sensing device, thoroughly eliminates wheel counting apparatus and easily occurred train perception by external interference
The problem of mistake and cumbersome restoration after a failure；
2nd, using current sensing device and the configuration mode of solid-state switch, the switching of different phase sequence traction power supply power supplys is shortened
Time, system architecture is simpler, is more saved using more convenient, construction investment；
3rd, the automatic power of electric split-phase neutrality section contact net lines is realized using the switch element of master-slave redundancy structure, is enhanced
Security, reliability, availability, maintenance-free and the economic rationality of system, extend the service life of equipment.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the circuit knot that a kind of electric railway train provided in an embodiment of the present invention does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of electric railway train that Fig. 1 is provided does not power off the current sensing device of automatic neutral-section passing system, switch
Information exchange schematic diagram between unit, voltage transformer, switch board and Power telecontrol system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained all other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the description of the invention, the word such as term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd ", " 4th ", is for only for ease of and retouches
State the different technical characteristics in the present invention, rather than require the present invention must in a particular order, priority or significance level
Operated, therefore be not construed as limitation of the present invention.
Such as Fig. 1-Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of electric railway train and does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system, described
System (represents the first current sensing device, the second current sensing respectively including four current sensing devices with A1, A2, A3, A4 in figure
Device, the 3rd current sensing device, the 4th current sensing device), two switch elements (represent first switch respectively with KG1, KG2 in Fig. 1
Unit, second switch unit), a voltage transformer (being represented in figure with V) and a switch board (being represented in figure with KZ).Electricity
Stream perceptron, switch element, voltage transformer and switch board are mounted on electric split-phase areas adjacent.
Electric split-phase region includes three sections of contact net lines and two phase-splitting insulation devices.Three sections of contact net lines are respectively neutrality
Section contact net lines JCW0, the first area contact net lines JCW1 and the second area contact net lines JCW2.Two phase-splitting insulation device difference
For the first phase-splitting insulation device S1 and the second phase-splitting insulation device S2.Phase-splitting insulation device can be neutral section insulator, can also
It is insulated overlap.First phase-splitting insulation device S1 connections the firstth area contact net lines JCW1 and neutral section contact net lines JCW0,
Second phase-splitting insulation device S2 connections the secondth area contact net lines JCW2 and neutral section contact net lines JCW0.The both ends in electric split-phase region
Respectively power 2nd area of an area and power supply, is neutral section between 2nd area of an area and power supply that power.Neutral section contact net lines JCW0 is not
External power source is connect, one area of power supply accesses traction power supply power supply, power supply two by the first area contact net lines JCW1 at external power source
Area accesses traction power supply power supply by the second area contact net lines JCW2 at external power source；Power an area and power 2nd area power supply
Draw contact outside Fig. 1 a~d regions；Therefore it is usually (when i.e. train is not in a~d regions shown in Fig. 1, similarly hereinafter) neutral
Section contact net lines JCW0 is not charged, and the contact net lines in a~d regions do not have traction current usually yet.
For the ease of description, " non-Electric region " and " electric region " described below borrow train and powered off in phase-splitting technology standard
Definition, i.e., " non-Electric region " refer to that contact net lines can not be taken the non-Electric region domain of stream by pantograph in neutral section；" electric region " refers to
Contact net lines can be taken the charging zone of stream by pantograph；It is located at " non-Electric region " in the neutral section of Overlapping Electrical Sectioning Device and " has
Contact net lines between electric area " are possible to connect traction power supply power supply in the presence of pantograph, are transmitted electricity to pantograph.
A kind of electric railway train provided in an embodiment of the present invention does not power off what automatic neutral-section passing system was realized in：
First current sensing device A1 is arranged at a points on the first area contact net lines JCW1, for perceiving the contact of the firstth area
Whether there is traction current between a~S1 on netting twine JCW1, control first switch unit KG1 conducting and shut-off to provide for switch board KZ
Information source；
The distance on a points and the first phase-splitting insulation device S1 electric region border is L1, L1 be more than or equal to train from a points to
Monitor traction current to first switch list in the first current sensing device A1 by maximum allowable travel speed when d points direction is run
The distance of traveling, the purpose of such value are in the delay time of first KG1 conductings：When train is run from a points to d points direction,
First switch unit KG1 cans turn on before pantograph under the raised configuration of train front end enters neutral section, ensure that train
It can not power off and drive into neutral section.
Second current sensing device A2 is arranged at the b points on neutral section contact net lines JCW0 and filled close to the first phase-splitting insulation
S1 is put, for perceiving whether have traction current on neutral section contact net lines JCW0 between b~S1, and reflects two switch elements indirectly
Whether have been switched off, control neutral section contact net lines JCW0 rotations to connect the traction power supply power supply of different phase sequences for switch board KZ and carry
For information source；
The distance on b points and the second phase-splitting insulation device S2 non-Electric regions border is L5, L5 be more than or equal on train two or
Multiple pantographs are all the most longbow spacing under raised configuration, and the purpose of such value is：When train is transported from d points to a points direction
During row, after the pantograph under the raised configuration of train forefront reaches b points, the pantograph under train rearmost raised configuration is complete
Into neutral section, so as to ensure that each pantograph of train is respectively positioned in the traction power supply power supply of same phase sequence；
The distance on b points and the first phase-splitting insulation device S1 non-Electric regions border is L6, and L6 is more than or equal to train from d points to a
Monitor traction current to first switch list in the second current sensing device A2 by maximum allowable travel speed during the operation of point direction
The distance of traveling, the purpose of such value are in the delay time of first KG1 conductings：When train is run from d points to a points direction,
After train front end pantograph enters b points, switch board KZ has grace time first to control second switch unit KG2 reliable turn-offs, makes
Neutral section contact net lines JCW0 disconnects the power supply in 2nd area of power supply, and afterwards, switch board KZ controls first switch unit KG1 to turn on again,
Neutral section contact net lines JCW0 is set to connect the power supply in one area of power supply, train, which can not power off, rolls neutral section away from.
3rd current sensing device A3 is arranged at the c points on neutral section contact net lines JCW0 and filled close to the second phase-splitting insulation
S2 is put, for perceiving whether have traction current on neutral section contact net lines JCW0 between c~S2, and reflects two switch elements indirectly
Whether have been switched off, control neutral section contact net lines JCW0 rotations to connect the traction power supply power supply of different phase sequences for switch board KZ and carry
For information source；
The distance on c points and the first phase-splitting insulation device S1 non-Electric regions border is L2, L2 be more than or equal on train two or
Multiple pantographs are all the most longbow spacing under raised configuration, and the purpose of such value is：When train is transported from a points to d points direction
During row, after the pantograph under the raised configuration of train forefront reaches c points, the pantograph under train rearmost raised configuration is complete
Into neutral section, so as to ensure that each pantograph of train is respectively positioned in the traction power supply power supply of same phase sequence；
The distance on c points and the second phase-splitting insulation device S2 non-Electric regions border is L3, and L3 is more than or equal to train from a points to d
Monitor traction current to second switch list in the 3rd current sensing device A3 by maximum allowable travel speed during the operation of point direction
The distance of traveling, the purpose of such value are in the delay time that first KG2 is then turned on：When train is run from a points to d points direction
When, after train front end pantograph enters c points, switch board KZ has grace time first to control first switch unit KG1 reliable turn-offs,
Neutral section contact net lines JCW0 is set to disconnect the power supply in one area of power supply, afterwards, switch board KZ controls second switch unit KG2 to lead again
It is logical, neutral section contact net lines JCW0 is connected the power supply in 2nd area of power supply, train, which can not power off, rolls neutral section away from.
4th current sensing device A4 is arranged at the d points on the second area contact net lines JCW2, for perceiving the contact of the secondth area
Whether there is traction current between d~S2 on netting twine JCW2, control second switch unit KG2 conducting and shut-off to provide for switch board KZ
Information source；
The distance on d points and the second phase-splitting insulation device S2 electric region border is L4, L4 be more than or equal to train from d points to
Monitor traction current to second switch list in the 4th current sensing device A4 by maximum allowable travel speed when a points direction is run
The distance of traveling, the purpose of such value are in the delay time of first KG2 conductings：When train is run from d points to a points direction,
Second switch unit KG2 cans turn on before pantograph under the raised configuration of train front end enters neutral section, ensure that train
It can not power off and drive into neutral section.
First switch unit KG1 is connected between the first area contact net lines JCW1 and neutral section contact net lines JCW0, is used for
Control neutral section contact net lines JCW0 and the first area contact net lines JCW1 conducting and disconnection；Second switch unit KG2 is connected on
Between second area contact net lines JCW2 and neutral section contact net lines JCW0, for controlling neutral section contact net lines JCW0 and the secondth area
Contact net lines JCW2 conducting and disconnection.
Voltage transformer V is installed on the region between two phase-splitting insulation devices, and its one end connects neutral section contact net lines
JCW0, other end ground connection, is either connected on rail or is connected to by a signal choke transformer on rail, pass through electricity
Transformer V is pressed to monitor whether neutral section contact net lines JCW0 is powered, and whether reflection switch element is breakdown indirectly.
Each current sensing device, switch element and voltage transformer are connected by cable with switch board KZ.Its information is handed over
Mutual relation is as shown in Fig. 2 the direction of arrow in Fig. 2 represents information flow direction.Each current sensing device of switch board continuous acquisition and voltage
The monitoring information of transformer output and the status information of each switch element, are entered by the sequential relationship to information and logical relation
Row analysis judges, controls the conducting and shut-off of respective switch unit.
Further, the current sensing device includes current transformer, in addition to passes through the wire of the current transformer
Or current-carrying type carrier cable, wire or current-carrying the type carrier cable are parallel on contact net lines.Current sensing device utilizes parallel circuit
Shunting principle monitoring contact net lines whether have a traction current, and then perceive the running position of train and its pantograph indirectly.
Further, two switch elements use identical structure, wherein：
First switch unit KG1 include the first solid-state switch T1, the first disconnecting switch K1, the first standby solid-state switch T3 with
And first reserve isolators K3, the first solid-state switch T1 and the first disconnecting switch K1 connect to form the first series circuit, first
Series circuit connected in series between the first area contact net lines JCW1 and neutral section contact net lines JCW0, the first reserve isolators K3 with
First standby solid-state switch T3 connects to form the first standby series circuit, and the first standby series circuit and the first series circuit are simultaneously
Connection.First series circuit and the first standby series circuit are mutually redundant standby, and under normality, the first disconnecting switch K1 is in closure
State, the first reserve isolators K3 are in disjunction state, and the first solid-state switch T1 participates in train and do not power off automatic passing over of neutral section control,
First standby solid-state switch T3 is as the standby of the first solid-state switch T1, namely the first standby series circuit is as the first series electrical
Road it is standby.When the first solid-state switch T1 failures or other reasons need not powered off with the first standby solid-state switch T3 participations train
, can be by way of switch board KZ be automatically controlled or manual mode of operation cuts the first disconnecting switch K1 when automatic passing over of neutral section controls
Change to disjunction state, the first reserve isolators K3 suits closure state；
Second switch unit KG2 include the second solid-state switch T2, the second disconnecting switch K2, the second standby solid-state switch T4 with
And second reserve isolators K4, the second solid-state switch T2 and the second disconnecting switch K2 connect to form the second series circuit, second
Series circuit connected in series between the second area contact net lines JCW2 and neutral section contact net lines JCW0, the second reserve isolators K4 with
Second standby solid-state switch T4 connects to form the second standby series circuit, and the second standby series circuit and the second series circuit are simultaneously
Connection.Second series circuit and the second standby series circuit are mutually redundant standby.Second switch unit KG2 and first switch list
First KG1 structure and working principle all same, similarly analyzes, will not be repeated here.
Further, switch board KZ is also interconnected by communication network and Power telecontrol system YD, and switch board KZ is remote to electric power
Dynamic system YD provides the status information of each switch, and receives Power telecontrol system YD remote control commands, controls two switches
The closure of unit and disjunction.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides the operation method that a kind of electric railway train does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system, institute
It is as follows to state operation method：
As Fig. 1, the first area contact net lines JCW1, the second area contact net lines JCW2 connect the traction power supply electricity of different phase sequences respectively
Source, power supply, which connects, to be drawn a little beyond a~d regions.Usually, a points on the first area contact net lines JCW1~phase-splitting insulation device S1 it
Between, between d points~phase-splitting insulation device S2 on neutral section contact net lines JCW0 full sections and the second area contact net lines JCW2 all
There is no traction current, the first current sensing device A1, the second current sensing device A2, the 3rd current sensing device A3, the 4th current sensing
Device A4 does not have signal output, and first switch unit KG1, second switch unit KG2 are all in off state, voltage transformer V
There is no signal output yet.
Be divided to two scene description operation methods below, and assume the first series circuit in first switch unit KG1 and
The second series circuit in second switch unit KG2 is in running order：
Scene one：Train is run from a points to d points direction
After the pantograph of train crosses a points, the first current sensing device A1 monitors the first area contact net lines JCW1 immediately
There is traction current between upper a points~phase-splitting insulation device S1, switch board KZ triggers the first solid-state in first switch unit KG1 therewith
T1 conductings are switched, the traction power supply power supply in the area of power supply one on the first area contact net lines JCW1 is connect guide to neutral section contact in advance
On netting twine JCW0；Train continues to move ahead, and its pantograph is entered after neutral section and uninterruptedly obtained from the first area contact net lines JCW1
Connect the traction power supply power supply in the area of power supply one drawn；After pantograph crosses b points, the second current sensing device A2 monitors that neutral section connects
There is traction current between b points~phase-splitting insulation device S1 on net-fault line JCW0；After pantograph crosses c points, the 3rd current sensing device
A3 monitors there is traction current between c points~phase-splitting insulation device S2 on neutral section contact net lines JCW0, now neutral section still by
Area's traction power supply power supply of powering provides traction current.Switch board KZ turns off the first solid-state in first switch unit KG1 therewith
Switch T1, i.e. power supply of the traction power supply power supply in one area of cut-out power supply to neutral section contact net lines JCW0.Then the first electric current sense
Know that device A1, the second current sensing device A2 and the 3rd current sensing device A3 perceive to open less than traction current, indirectly reflection first
Unit KG1 is closed to have been turned off.Immediately, switch board KZ triggers the second solid-state switch T2 conductings in second switch unit KG2 immediately, will
The traction power supply power supply in the area of power supply two on the second area contact net lines JCW2, which connects, to be guided on neutral section contact net lines JCW0, is then arranged
Car obtains the traction power supply power supply in 2nd area of power supply immediately, and now the 4th current sensing device A4 monitors the second area contact net lines JCW2
On d points~phase-splitting insulation device S2 between have traction current.After all pantographs cross d points on train, the 4th electric current sense
Know that device A4 is perceived less than traction current, switch board KZ turns off the second solid-state switch T2 in second switch unit KG2 therewith.So far
System returns to peacetime state.
Scene two：Train is run from d points to a points direction
After the pantograph of train crosses d points, the 4th current sensing device A4 monitors the second area contact net lines JCW2 immediately
There is traction current between upper d points~phase-splitting insulation device S2, switch board KZ triggers the second solid-state in second switch unit KG2 therewith
T2 conductings are switched, the traction power supply power supply in the area of power supply two on the second area contact net lines JCW2 is connect guide to neutral section contact in advance
On netting twine JCW0；Train continues to move ahead, and its pantograph is entered after neutral section and uninterruptedly obtained from the second area contact net lines JCW2
Connect the traction power supply power supply in the area of power supply two drawn；After pantograph crosses c points, the 3rd current sensing device A3 monitors that neutral section connects
There is traction current between c points~phase-splitting insulation device S2 on net-fault line JCW0；After pantograph crosses b points, the second current sensing device
A2 monitors there is traction current between b points~phase-splitting insulation device S1 on neutral section contact net lines JCW0, now neutral section still by
Two area's traction power supply power supplys of powering provide traction current.Switch board KZ turns off the second solid-state in second switch unit KG2 therewith
Switch T2, i.e. power supply of the traction power supply power supply in 2nd area of cut-out power supply to neutral section contact net lines JCW0.Then the 4th electric current sense
Know that device A4, the 3rd current sensing device A3 and the second current sensing device A2 are perceived and opened less than traction current, indirectly reflection second
Unit KG2 is closed to have been turned off.Immediately, switch board KZ triggers the first solid-state switch T1 conductings in first switch unit KG1 immediately, will
The traction power supply power supply in the area of power supply one on the first area contact net lines JCW1, which connects, to be guided on neutral section contact net lines JCW0, is then arranged
Car obtains the traction power supply power supply in one area of power supply immediately, and now the first current sensing device A1 monitors the first area contact net lines JCW1
On a points~phase-splitting insulation device S1 between have traction current.After all pantographs cross a points on train, the first electric current sense
Know that device A1 is perceived less than traction current, switch board KZ turns off the first solid-state switch T1 in first switch unit KG1 therewith.So far
System returns to peacetime state.
Compared with prior art, operation method is simpler for the operation method that the present embodiment is provided, and safety in operation
It is higher, while realizing that train is not powered off automatically by neutral section, it is ensured that the traction power supply electricity of neutral section both ends difference phase sequence
Source is connected at no time.
Further, whether voltage transformer V effect is powered come indirectly by monitoring neutral section contact net lines JCW0
Whether the solid-state switch reflected in switch element is breakdown, and anti-locking system mistake in the case where solid-state switch is breakdown is carried out not
Individual-phase control was powered off, the operation method of system is as follows：
1. if before Train Approaching a~d regions, or sailed out of after a~d regions, voltage transformer V has signal defeated
Go out, it is meant that at least one work solid-state switch is breakdown in two switch elements, and system will be alarmed and be stopped automatically too
Phase control.
2. if during train enters a~d regions, voltage transformer V does not have signal output all the time, it is meant that voltage is mutual
Sensor V observation circuits failure or system jam, system will also alarm and stop automatic passing over of neutral section control.
Further, switch board KZ is also interconnected by communication network and Power telecontrol system YD, and switch board KZ is remote to electric power
Dynamic system YD provides the status information of each switch, and receives Power telecontrol system YD remote control commands, controls two switches
The closure of unit and disjunction, and then realize automatic passing over of neutral section control.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides the operation method that a kind of electric railway train does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system, institute
It is as follows to state operation method：
Such as Fig. 1, in first switch unit, during normal operation, the first series circuit is devoted oneself to work, now the first disconnecting switch
K1 closure, the first reserve isolators K3 shut-off, switch board KZ by control the first solid-state switch T1 on or off, so as to
Control neutral section contact net lines JCW0 and the first area contact net lines JCW1 on or off；When the first series circuit failure or
During one solid-state switch T1 failures, change and devoted oneself to work by the first standby series circuit, by manual control mode or pass through switch board
Mechanical control mode makes the first disconnecting switch K1 shut-offs, the first reserve isolators K3 closures, and afterwards, switch board KZ controls first are standby
Solid-state switch T3 on or off, so as to control neutral section contact net lines JCW0 and the first area contact net lines JCW1 conducting or
Shut-off；
In second switch unit, during normal operation, the second series circuit is devoted oneself to work, and now the second disconnecting switch K2 is closed
Close, the second reserve isolators K4 shut-off, switch board KZ by control the second solid-state switch T2 on or off, so as to control
Neutral section contact net lines JCW0 and the second area contact net lines JCW2 on or off；When the second series circuit failure or second are consolidated
When state switchs T2 failures, change and devoted oneself to work by the second standby series circuit, by manual control mode or by controlling cabinet-type air conditioner control
Mode makes the second disconnecting switch K2 shut-offs, the second reserve isolators K4 closures, and afterwards, switch board KZ controls the second standby solid-state
T4 on or off is switched, so as to control neutral section contact net lines JCW0 and the second area contact net lines JCW2 conducting or pass
It is disconnected.
The present embodiment realizes the automatic power of neutral section using the solid-state switch of master-slave redundancy structure, enhances the peace of system
Quan Xing, reliability, availability, maintenance-free and economic rationality.Mechanical switch of the prior art is replaced using solid-state switch,
Extend switch service life, reduce maintenance cost.The solid-state switch for having overvoltage, overcurrent protection can be selected, then solid-state is opened
It is not easy to cause overvoltage or overcurrent, rate of breakdown to reduce when closing switching, improves the safety and reliability of system.
Further, when overhauling electric split-phase, or when two solid-state switches in same switch element are breakdown, Ying Jiang
All disconnecting switch in two switch elements manipulate disjunction state, neutral section contact net lines JCW0 is contacted with the firstth area
It is electrically isolated completely between netting twine JCW1 and between neutral section contact net lines JCW0 and the second area contact net lines JCW2, in nothing
The safe condition of electricity.
In order to further improve the reliability of system, following technical measures are preferably taken：
1. switch board KZ gathers the output information of current sensing device, its continuous collecting time of proper extension, connect with rejecting
The disturbing factors such as the short circuit of net-fault line, thunder and lightning；
2. current sensing device, voltage transformer use paired stand-by heat working method, even if some device fault, system
Remain to reliably working；
3. from the solid-state switch for having overvoltage, overcurrent protection.
When it is implemented, can be by the first current sensing device A1, the second current sensing device A2 and first switch unit KG1 phases
To being intensively arranged near the first phase-splitting insulation device S1；By the 3rd current sensing device A3, the 4th current sensing device A4 and
Second switch unit KG2 is relatively centrally arranged near the second phase-splitting insulation device S2.The paired stand-by heats of voltage transformer V
When, the voltage transformer V of two stand-by heats can also be set up separately near the first phase-splitting insulation device S1 and the second phase-splitting insulation fills
Put near S2；Switch board KZ can be located in neutral section region.
Compared with existing train crosses phase-splitting technology, electric railway train automatic neutral-section passing system tool provided by the invention
Have the following advantages：
1. replace wheel counting apparatus of the prior art using current sensing device, thoroughly avoid wheel counting apparatus easily by external interference and
There is the problem of train perceives the problem of wrong and cumbersome restoration after a failure；And system architecture it is simpler, using more
Convenience, construction investment is added more to save；
2. current sensing device utilizes existing current-carrying type carrier cable in electric railway system to replace wire, can also be further
It is cost-effective；
3. replacing mechanical switch of the prior art using solid-state switch, switch service life can be extended, reduce and safeguard
Cost, and be not easy to cause overvoltage or overcurrent, rate of breakdown to reduce during solid-state switch switching；
4. disconnecting switch is connected with solid-state switch, can be by disconnecting disconnecting switch when solid-state switch breaks down
Mode by neutral section contact net lines and first area's contact net lines and second area's contact net lines electrical isolation, ensure that system
Security；
5. switch element is made up of the circuit structure for being mutually redundant standby two disconnecting switch and two solid-state switches,
Further increase the reliability of system.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of electric railway train does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system, it is characterised in that：
The system includes four current sensing devices, two switch elements, voltage transformer and switch board, current sensing device,
Switch element, voltage transformer and switch board are mounted on electric split-phase areas adjacent；
The electric split-phase region includes three sections of contact net lines and two phase-splitting insulation devices, and three sections of contact net lines are respectively first
Area's contact net lines, neutral section contact net lines and second area's contact net lines, two phase-splitting insulation devices are respectively to connect the firstth area
Contact net lines contact with the first phase-splitting insulation device and second area's contact net lines of connection of neutral section contact net lines with neutral section
Second phase-splitting insulation device of netting twine；
Four current sensing devices be respectively the first current sensing device, the second current sensing device, the 3rd current sensing device and
4th current sensing device, wherein：
First current sensing device is arranged on first area's contact net lines, and the first current sensing device and the first phase-splitting insulation device have electricity
The distance between area border has monitored traction by maximum allowable travel speed more than or equal to train in the first current sensing device
The distance travelled in the delay time that electric current turns on to first switch unit；
Second current sensing device is arranged on neutral section contact net lines and close to the first phase-splitting insulation device, the second current sensing device
When being more than or equal to two or more pantographs on train with the distance on the second phase-splitting insulation device non-Electric region border while rising
Most longbow spacing, the second current sensing device and the distance on the first phase-splitting insulation device non-Electric region border are pressed more than or equal to train
Maximum allowable travel speed monitors the delay time that traction current turns on to first switch unit in the second current sensing device
The distance of interior traveling；
3rd current sensing device is arranged on neutral section contact net lines and close to the second phase-splitting insulation device, the 3rd current sensing device
When being more than or equal to that two or more pantographs are all rise on train with the distance on the first phase-splitting insulation device non-Electric region border
Most longbow spacing, the 3rd current sensing device and the distance on the second phase-splitting insulation device non-Electric region border are pressed more than or equal to train
Maximum allowable travel speed monitors the delay time that traction current turns on to second switch unit in the 3rd current sensing device
The distance of interior traveling；
4th current sensing device is arranged on second area's contact net lines, and the 4th current sensing device and the second phase-splitting insulation device have electricity
The distance between area border is more than or equal to train and monitors traction electricity in the 4th current sensing device by maximum allowable travel speed
It flow to the distance of traveling in the delay time of second switch unit conducting；
Two switch elements are respectively first switch unit and second switch unit, and first switch unit is series at the firstth area
Between contact net lines and neutral section contact net lines, second switch unit is series at second area's contact net lines and neutral section contact net lines
Between；
The voltage transformer is installed on the region between two phase-splitting insulation devices, in one end connection of the voltage transformer
Property section contact net lines, the other end ground connection, be either connected on rail or rail be connected to by a signal choke transformer
On；
Four current sensing devices, two switch elements and voltage transformer are connected by cable with switch board.
2. electric railway train as claimed in claim 1 does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system, it is characterised in that：The electric current
Perceptron includes current transformer, in addition to passes through the wire or current-carrying type carrier cable of the current transformer, the wire or
Current-carrying type carrier cable is parallel on contact net lines.
3. electric railway train as claimed in claim 1 does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system, it is characterised in that：
Two switch elements use identical structure；
First switch unit include the first solid-state switch, the first disconnecting switch, the first standby solid-state switch and first it is standby every
Pass is left, the first solid-state switch and the first disconnecting switch connect to form the first series circuit, and the first series circuit connected in series is in first
Between area's contact net lines and neutral section contact net lines, the first reserve isolators connect to form first with the first standby solid-state switch
Standby series circuit, the first standby series circuit are in parallel with the first series circuit；
Second switch unit include the second solid-state switch, the second disconnecting switch, the second standby solid-state switch and second it is standby every
Pass is left, the second solid-state switch and the second disconnecting switch connect to form the second series circuit, and the second series circuit connected in series is in second
Between area's contact net lines and neutral section contact net lines, the second reserve isolators connect to form second with the second standby solid-state switch
Standby series circuit, the second standby series circuit are in parallel with the second series circuit.
4. electric railway train as claimed in claim 1 does not power off automatic neutral-section passing system, it is characterised in that：The control
Cabinet is also interconnected by communication network and Power telecontrol system.
5. a kind of operation method for not powering off automatic neutral-section passing system based on electric railway train as claimed in claim 1,
It is characterized in that：
When train is from first area's contact net lines to second area's contact net lines direction running, the operation method includes following step
Suddenly：
S11, after the pantograph of train crosses the first current sensing device, the first current sensing device monitors traction current, control
Cabinet triggers the conducting of first switch unit therewith, in advance connects the traction power supply power supply on first area's contact net lines and guides to neutral section and connect
On net-fault line；
S12, train continue traveling to neutral section contact net lines and obtain traction power supply power supply by first area's contact net lines；
S13, after the pantograph of train crosses the second current sensing device, the second current sensing device monitors traction current；
S14, after the pantograph of train crosses the 3rd current sensing device, the 3rd current sensing device monitors traction current, control
Cabinet turns off first switch unit therewith, and then the first current sensing device, the second current sensing device and the 3rd current sensing device are equal
Monitoring is less than traction current, and switch board triggers the conducting of second switch unit therewith, in advance by the traction on second area's contact net lines
Power supply, which connects, to be guided on neutral section contact net lines, and the 4th current sensing device monitors traction current；
S15, after all pantographs on train cross the 4th current sensing device, the 4th current sensing device monitor less than traction
Electric current, switch board turn off second switch unit therewith；
When train is from second area's contact net lines to first area's contact net lines direction running, the operation method includes following step
Suddenly：
S21, after the pantograph of train crosses the 4th current sensing device, the 4th current sensing device monitors traction current, control
Cabinet triggers the conducting of second switch unit therewith, in advance connects the traction power supply power supply on second area's contact net lines and guides to neutral section and connect
On net-fault line；
S22, train continue to obtain traction power supply power supply after travelling to neutral section contact net lines and by second area's contact net lines；
S23, after pantograph crosses the 3rd current sensing device, the 3rd current sensing device monitors traction current；
S24, after pantograph crosses the second current sensing device, the second current sensing device monitors traction current, and switch board is therewith
Second switch unit is turned off, then the 4th current sensing device, the 3rd current sensing device and the second current sensing device monitor not
To traction current, switch board triggers the conducting of first switch unit therewith, in advance by the traction power supply electricity on first area's contact net lines
Source, which connects, to be guided on neutral section contact net lines, and the first current sensing device monitors traction current；
S25, after all pantographs cross the first current sensing device on train, the first current sensing device monitoring less than traction electricity
Stream, switch board turn off first switch unit therewith.
6. operation method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：
When train driving is to region between the first current sensing device and the 4th current sensing device, if voltage transformer does not have
Signal output, the system alarm are simultaneously out of service；
Before the region between Train Approaching the first current sensing device and the 4th current sensing device, or sail out of the first electric current sense
After knowing the region between device and the 4th current sensing device, if voltage transformer has signal output, the system alarm simultaneously stops
Only run.
7. operation method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The switch board passes through communication network and power remote system
System interconnection；Switch board provides the status information of two switch elements to Power telecontrol system, and Power telecontrol system is opened according to two
The status information for closing unit sends remote control commands to switch board, and switch board controls two switches single according to remote control commands
Member.
8. a kind of operation method for not powering off automatic neutral-section passing system based on electric railway train as claimed in claim 3,
It is characterized in that：
In first switch unit, during normal operation, the first series circuit is devoted oneself to work, and by manual control mode or passes through control
After cabinet mechanical control mode makes the first disconnecting switch closure, the shut-off of the first reserve isolators, the first solid-state is controlled by switch board
Switch is turned on to realize the conducting of first switch unit, and first is realized by the shut-off of switch board the first solid-state switch of control
The shut-off of switch element；When the first solid-state switch failure or the first series circuit failure, change and thrown by the first standby series circuit
Enter work, make that the first disconnecting switch turns off, first standby keeps apart by manual control mode or by switch board mechanical control mode
Close and close, afterwards, the conducting of first switch unit is realized by the conducting of switch board the first standby solid-state switch of control, passed through
Switch board the first standby solid-state switch of control is turned off to realize the shut-off of first switch unit；In second switch unit, normally
During operation, the second series circuit is devoted oneself to work, and makes second to keep apart by manual control mode or by switch board mechanical control mode
Conjunction, the shut-off of the second reserve isolators are closed, afterwards, realizes that second opens by the conducting of switch board the second solid-state switch of control
The conducting of unit is closed, the shut-off of second switch unit is realized by the shut-off of switch board the second solid-state switch of control；When second
When solid-state switch failure or the second series circuit failure, change and devoted oneself to work by the second standby series circuit, by manual control side
Formula turns off the second disconnecting switch, the second reserve isolators closure by switch board mechanical control mode, afterwards, passes through switch board
Turning on to realize the conducting of second switch unit for the second standby solid-state switch is controlled, passes through switch board and controls the second standby solid-state
Switch-off realizes the shut-off of second switch unit.
9. operation method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：When being overhauled to the system, or it is same
When two solid-state switches in switch element are breakdown, all disconnecting switch in two switch elements are manipulated into disjunction
State.
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