CN107342802B - Random antenna selection method and large-scale MIMO system - Google Patents
Random antenna selection method and large-scale MIMO system Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
- H04B7/0608—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
- H04B7/061—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters using feedback from receiving side
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a random antenna selection method, a device and a large-scale MIMO system, wherein channel state information of the MIMO system is obtained through channel estimation, a plurality of groups of antenna sets are randomly selected from all transmitting antenna sets, each group of antenna sets are updated according to the principle of maximum channel capacity, the updated plurality of groups of antenna sets are compared, and one group of set with the maximum channel capacity is used as an optimal antenna set. The invention considers the channel state information of the system, continuously updates the antenna set by using the sequential iteration process, selects the antenna set with the largest channel capacity, realizes better system performance with low complexity, and provides certain technical support for standardization and practicability of large-scale MIMO in a 5G system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of broadband wireless communication, and particularly relates to a random antenna selection method and device and a large-scale MIMO system.
Background
Massive MIMO has received wide attention from both domestic and foreign scholars as a key technology for 5G communications. In large-scale MIMO, dozens of or even hundreds of antennas are configured in a base station, so that the spatial degree of freedom is fully utilized, and the frequency spectrum efficiency and the data transmission rate of a communication system are improved. However, as environmental problems due to global warming are becoming more serious, the demand for green communication is increasing. Although massive MIMO can improve system capacity with a large number of antennas, the corresponding hardware cost and signal processing complexity also increase with the number of antennas. Therefore, it is important to find an effective method that not only reduces the cost but also takes advantage of the massive MIMO system.
The antenna selection technology is to select several optimal antennas from the transmitting/receiving antennas to form a transmitting/receiving antenna subset according to a certain criterion, to make the number of radio frequency links at the transmitting end or the receiving end less than the number of configured antenna elements, and to adaptively switch the radio frequency links to the antenna subset to transmit or receive signals, which can effectively reduce the system cost and improve the performance of a large-scale MIMO system.
The MIMO system comprises a transmitter, a receiver, radio frequency links respectively arranged on the transmitter and the receiver, and a signal processing chip, wherein antenna elements are respectively arranged at the transmitting end of the transmitter and the receiving end of the receiver, the number of the radio frequency links arranged in the traditional MIMO system is equal to the number of the antenna elements, while the MIMO system adopting the antenna selection technology has the number of the radio frequency links arranged smaller than the number of the antenna elements, and the technology reduces the complexity and the cost of the MIMO system.
The principle of the existing random antenna selection method is to randomly select the expected number of antennas from all transmitting antennas, and the implementation steps are as follows:
(1) acquiring channel state information through channel estimation;
(2) a desired number of columns are randomly selected from the channel matrix as a selected channel matrix.
The method has the advantages of extremely low computational complexity and the disadvantages of not considering the channel state information and causing the performance reduction.
The exhaustive algorithm is to perform an exhaustive search among all possible candidate subsets of transmit antennas to find the antenna subset with the largest system capacity, and the method can improve the system performance to the maximum extent, but for a large-scale MIMO system with hundreds of antennas, the calculation speed of the method is very slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a random antenna selection method, a random antenna selection device and a large-scale MIMO system, which are used for solving the problem of performance reduction caused by the fact that channel state information is not considered in the conventional random antenna selection technology.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a random antenna selection method, which includes the following steps:
1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
2) randomly selecting S1 groups of antenna sets, wherein S1 is more than or equal to 2, and updating each group of antenna sets according to the maximum channel capacity principle; updating each element in the antenna set in turn, and repeating the updating mode until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed;
3) and comparing the updated S1 antenna sets, and taking the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity as an optimal antenna set.
Further, the updating method of each group of antenna sets specifically includes the following steps:
A. taking each group of antenna set needing to be updated in the step 2) as an initial set p ═ { p (1), p (2),.., p (Q)) }, wherein Q elements are arranged in the initial set p, and each element represents one antenna;
B. updating each element p (k) in the initial set p in turn, wherein k is 1, …, Q; sequentially replacing the kth element in the initial set p by each element in the residual unselected antenna set and the k element union set, solving the channel capacity corresponding to each newly formed antenna set, updating the set p by the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity, then updating the next element, and obtaining the latest antenna set after all Q elements are updated;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides a random antenna selection method, including the following steps:
(1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
(2) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the group of antenna sets according to the channel capacity maximization principle, wherein the updating mode comprises the steps of sequentially updating each element in the group of antenna sets, repeating the updating mode until the set times S3 are reached or the updated antenna combination is not changed, and taking the updated antenna set as a first optimal antenna set;
(3) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the reselected antenna sets according to the updating mode, comparing the updated antenna sets with the first optimal antenna set, and taking the group of antenna sets with the maximum channel capacity as a second optimal antenna set;
(4) and selecting the next optimal antenna set until the number of times of randomly selecting the antenna set reaches the set number of times S4, and taking the current optimal antenna set as the final optimal antenna set.
Further, the updating mode of each group of randomly selected antenna sets specifically comprises the following steps:
A. taking the group of antenna sets randomly selected in the step (2) as an initial set p ═ { p (1), p (2),.., p (Q) }, wherein Q elements are arranged in the initial set p, and each element represents one antenna;
B. updating each element p (k) in the initial set p in turn, wherein k is 1, …, Q; sequentially replacing the kth element in the initial set p by each element in the residual unselected antenna set and the k element union set, solving the channel capacity corresponding to each newly formed antenna set, updating the set p by the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity, then updating the next element, and obtaining the latest antenna set after all Q elements are updated;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S3 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
To solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides a massive MIMO system, including a transmitter, a receiver, radio frequency links configured at the transmitter and the receiver, respectively, and a processor for selecting an antenna set, where the processor is configured to execute the following instructions:
1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
2) randomly selecting S1 groups of antenna sets, wherein S1 is more than or equal to 2, and updating each group of antenna sets according to the maximum channel capacity principle; updating each element in the antenna set in turn, and repeating the updating mode until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed;
3) and comparing the updated S1 antenna sets, and taking the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity as an optimal antenna set.
Further, the processor is further configured to execute the following instructions:
A. taking each group of antenna set needing to be updated in the step 2) as an initial set p ═ { p (1), p (2),.., p (Q)) }, wherein Q elements are arranged in the initial set p, and each element represents one antenna;
B. updating each element p (k) in the initial set p in turn, wherein k is 1, …, Q; sequentially replacing the kth element in the initial set p by each element in the residual unselected antenna set and the k element union set, solving the channel capacity corresponding to each newly formed antenna set, updating the set p by the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity, then updating the next element, and obtaining the latest antenna set after all Q elements are updated;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
To solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides a massive MIMO system, including a transmitter, a receiver, radio frequency links configured at the transmitter and the receiver, respectively, and a processor for selecting an antenna set, where the processor is configured to execute the following instructions:
(1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
(2) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the group of antenna sets according to the channel capacity maximization principle, wherein the updating mode comprises the steps of sequentially updating each element in the group of antenna sets, repeating the updating mode until the set times S3 are reached or the updated antenna combination is not changed, and taking the updated antenna set as a first optimal antenna set;
(3) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the reselected antenna sets according to the updating mode, comparing the updated antenna sets with the first optimal antenna set, and taking the group of antenna sets with the maximum channel capacity as a second optimal antenna set;
(4) and selecting the next optimal antenna set until the number of times of randomly selecting the antenna set reaches the set number of times S4, and taking the current optimal antenna set as the final optimal antenna set.
Further, the processor is further configured to execute the following instructions:
A. taking the group of antenna sets randomly selected in the step (2) as an initial set p ═ { p (1), p (2),.., p (Q) }, wherein Q elements are arranged in the initial set p, and each element represents one antenna;
B. updating each element p (k) in the initial set p in turn, wherein k is 1, …, Q; sequentially replacing the kth element in the initial set p by each element in the residual unselected antenna set and the k element union set, solving the channel capacity corresponding to each newly formed antenna set, updating the set p by the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity, then updating the next element, and obtaining the latest antenna set after all Q elements are updated;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S3 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
To solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides an antenna selection apparatus, including a processor configured to select an antenna set, where the processor is configured to execute the following instructions:
1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
2) randomly selecting S1 groups of antenna sets, wherein S1 is more than or equal to 2, and updating each group of antenna sets according to the maximum channel capacity principle; updating each element in the antenna set in turn, and repeating the updating mode until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed;
3) and comparing the updated S1 antenna sets, and taking the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity as an optimal antenna set.
Further, the processor is further configured to execute the following instructions:
A. taking each group of antenna set needing to be updated in the step 2) as an initial set p ═ { p (1), p (2),.., p (Q)) }, wherein Q elements are arranged in the initial set p, and each element represents one antenna;
B. updating each element p (k) in the initial set p in turn, wherein k is 1, …, Q; sequentially replacing the kth element in the initial set p by each element in the residual unselected antenna set and the k element union set, solving the channel capacity corresponding to each newly formed antenna set, updating the set p by the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity, then updating the next element, and obtaining the latest antenna set after all Q elements are updated;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
To solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides an antenna selection apparatus, including a processor configured to select an antenna set, where the processor is configured to execute the following instructions:
(1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
(2) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the group of antenna sets according to the channel capacity maximization principle, wherein the updating mode comprises the steps of sequentially updating each element in the group of antenna sets, repeating the updating mode until the set times S3 are reached or the updated antenna combination is not changed, and taking the updated antenna set as a first optimal antenna set;
(3) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the reselected antenna sets according to the updating mode, comparing the updated antenna sets with the first optimal antenna set, and taking the group of antenna sets with the maximum channel capacity as a second optimal antenna set;
(4) and selecting the next optimal antenna set until the number of times of randomly selecting the antenna set reaches the set number of times S4, and taking the current optimal antenna set as the final optimal antenna set.
Further, the processor is further configured to execute the following instructions:
A. taking the group of antenna sets randomly selected in the step (2) as an initial set p ═ { p (1), p (2),.., p (Q) }, wherein Q elements are arranged in the initial set p, and each element represents one antenna;
B. updating each element p (k) in the initial set p in turn, wherein k is 1, …, Q; sequentially replacing the kth element in the initial set p by each element in the residual unselected antenna set and the k element union set, solving the channel capacity corresponding to each newly formed antenna set, updating the set p by the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity, then updating the next element, and obtaining the latest antenna set after all Q elements are updated;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S3 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
establishing a signal model of a large-scale MIMO system, acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation, randomly selecting S1 antenna sets from all transmitting antenna sets, updating each antenna set according to the principle of maximum channel capacity, comparing the updated S1 antenna sets, and taking the set with the maximum channel capacity as an optimal antenna set. The invention considers the channel state information of the system, continuously updates the antenna set by using the sequential iteration process, selects the antenna set with the largest channel capacity from the antenna sets, realizes good system performance with low complexity, and provides certain technical support for standardization and practicability of large-scale MIMO in a 5G system.
Establishing a signal model of a large-scale MIMO system, acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation, randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antenna sets, updating the group of antenna sets according to the maximum channel capacity principle, selecting a first optimal antenna set, then selecting a group of antenna sets, updating the group of antenna sets, comparing the updated antenna sets with the first optimal antenna set, selecting a second optimal antenna set, and then selecting a next optimal antenna set until a set number of times is reached, wherein the current optimal antenna set is used as a final optimal antenna set. The invention considers the channel state information of the MIMO system, continuously updates the antenna set by utilizing the sequential iteration process, selects the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity, realizes good system performance with low complexity, and provides certain technical support for standardization and practicability of large-scale MIMO in a 5G system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a massive MIMO system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a receive antenna selection system;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between channel capacity and signal-to-noise ratio.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
and establishing a signal model of the large-scale MIMO system, wherein the signal model comprises channel state information which can be fed back by a receiving end and can be obtained by a sending end. All the transmitting antenna sets are set as { 1.,. multidot.m }, an S1 antenna set is randomly selected from all M transmitting antennas, S1 is more than or equal to 2, each antenna set has Q antennas, and each antenna set is updated according to the maximum channel capacity principle by the following method:
taking a first group of randomly selected antenna sets as a first initial set, setting the first initial set as p1 ═ { p1(1), p1(2),. ·, p1(Q) }, and sequentially updating each element p (k) (k ═ 1, …, Q) in the initial set p1 in the following manner: assuming that the kth element in p1 is updated, elements in the union set of the remaining unselected antenna sets and the kth element in p1 { \ p1 }. sup.p 1(k) are sequentially used as the kth element in the set p1, the channel capacity corresponding to each newly formed antenna set is obtained, and the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity is updated to be the new initial set p 1. When all Q elements are updated, the antenna set p1 is updated. Wherein the \ representation set is excluded. And (4) taking the updated antenna set p1 as an initial set, repeating the process until the set number of times S2 is reached or the antenna sets updated twice are the same, wherein the obtained set is the antenna set updated by the first group of antenna sets.
Taking the selected second group of antenna sets as a second initial set, setting the second initial set as p2 ═ { p2(1), p2(2),. ·, p2(Q) }, and sequentially updating each element p2(k) (k ═ 1, …, Q) in the initial set p2 in the following manner: assuming that the kth element in p2 is updated, elements in the union set of the remaining unselected antenna sets and the kth element in p2 { \ p2 }. sup.p 2(k) are sequentially used as the kth element in the set p2, the channel capacity corresponding to each newly formed antenna set is obtained, and the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity is updated to be the new initial set p 2. When the updating of all Q elements is completed, the latest set p2 is generated. Wherein the \ representation set is excluded. And repeating the above process by taking the updated antenna set p2 as an initial set until the set number of times S2 is reached or the obtained p2 at two adjacent times are the same, wherein the obtained set p2 is the updated antenna set of the second group of antenna sets.
And comparing the updated antenna sets of the S1 group, and selecting the set with the maximum channel capacity as the optimal antenna set.
The antenna selection method adopts a method for updating the antenna set by parallel computing of the S1 groups of antenna sets, has high computing speed and high efficiency of obtaining the result of the optimal antenna set, but has higher requirement on hardware, and can adopt a method for updating the antenna set by serial computing in order to save the hardware cost, and the method comprises the following steps:
randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all the transmitting antenna sets, and updating the group of antenna sets according to the maximum channel capacity principle, wherein the updating mode is as follows:
A. all transmit antenna sets are set to { 1., M }, and a set of randomly selected antennas is set as an initial set p ═ { p (1), p (2),.., p (Q) }, where Q is the required number of antennas (Q < M).
B. Sequentially updating each element p (k) (k is 1, …, Q) in the initial set p in the following way: and (3) assuming that the kth element in the p is updated, sequentially taking the elements in the union set of the residual unselected antenna sets and the kth element in the p, namely, { \ p }. U.p (k), as the kth element in the set p, solving the channel capacity corresponding to each newly formed antenna set, and updating the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity into a new initial set p. When the process finishes updating all Q elements, generating a latest set p; the union \ representation set is excluded.
C. And (4) taking the newly generated antenna set p as an initial set, repeating the step (B) until the set times of S3 is reached or the sets p generated in two adjacent times are the same, stopping, wherein the obtained set p is the antenna set updated by the initial set, and taking the updated antenna set as a first optimal antenna set.
And randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all the transmitting antenna sets, updating the newly selected antenna sets according to the updating mode, comparing the updated antenna sets with the first optimal antenna set, and taking the group of antenna sets with the maximum channel capacity as a second optimal antenna set.
And selecting the next optimal antenna set until the number of times of randomly selecting the antenna set reaches the set number of times S4, and taking the current optimal antenna set as the final optimal antenna set.
The invention considers the channel state information of the antenna, continuously updates the antenna set by using the sequential iteration process, selects the antenna set with the largest channel capacity from the antenna sets, realizes good system performance with low complexity, and provides certain technical support for standardization and practicability of large-scale MIMO in a 5G system.
The present invention further provides an antenna selection apparatus, including a processor configured to select an antenna set, where the processor is configured to execute the following instructions:
1) establishing a signal model of a large-scale MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
2) randomly selecting S1 groups of antenna sets, wherein S1 is more than or equal to 2, and updating each group of antenna sets according to the maximum channel capacity principle; updating each element in the antenna set in turn, and repeating the updating mode until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed;
3) and comparing the updated S1 antenna sets, and taking the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity as an optimal antenna set.
The present invention also provides another antenna selection apparatus, including a processor configured to select an antenna set, the processor being configured to execute the following instructions:
(1) establishing a signal model of a large-scale MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
(2) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the group of antenna sets according to the channel capacity maximization principle, wherein the updating mode comprises the steps of sequentially updating each element in the group of antenna sets, repeating the updating mode until the set times S3 are reached or the updated antenna combination is not changed, and taking the updated antenna set as a first optimal antenna set;
(3) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the reselected antenna sets according to the updating mode, comparing the updated antenna sets with the first optimal antenna set, and taking the group of antenna sets with the maximum channel capacity as a second optimal antenna set;
(4) and selecting the next optimal antenna set until the number of times of randomly selecting the antenna set reaches the set number of times S4, and taking the current optimal antenna set as the final optimal antenna set.
The instructions executed by the processors of the two antenna selection devices provided by the invention respectively correspond to the two antenna selection methods, and the instructions executed by the processors are not described in detail because the introduction of the two antenna selection methods is clear and complete enough.
Example two:
the massive MIMO system shown in fig. 1 includes a transmitter, a receiver, rf chains respectively configured at the transmitter and the receiver, and a processor (not shown) for selecting an antenna set, wherein the rf chains include a low frequency noise amplifier, a link converter, an analog-to-digital converter, and the like. The working principle of the MIMO system is as follows: the transmitter selects part of antennas with superior performance from all transmitting antennas according to a certain performance index to transmit by using the channel state information fed back from the receiver. Part of parallel data streams are simultaneously sent to a multi-input multi-output fading channel, the faded data streams reach receiving antennas, a radio frequency link converter selects part of the receiving antennas to receive from all the receiving antennas, and the data streams are decoded after being processed by a plurality of radio frequency links, so that the sent data are recovered.
The processor is used for executing the following steps:
assume that fig. 1 shows a point-to-point massive MIMO system with M transmit antennas and N receive antennas, where the transmitting end has Q rf chains Q < M. It is assumed that antenna selection is performed at the transmitting end and that all antennas are used for receiving signals at the receiving end. The transmitter can obtain the channel state information through the feedback of the receiver, and the power distribution of all selected antennas is uniform. Selecting Q optimal antennas from M transmitting antennas for communication, the corresponding channel capacity can be expressed mathematically as:
where ρ represents the total transmitted signal-to-noise ratio, INRepresenting N by NIdentity matrix, HaltRepresenting a channel matrix of nxq selected antennas,
representation matrix HaltThe conjugate transpose of (d), det () represents the determinant of the matrix.
The invention utilizes a random antenna selection algorithm to select the antenna, and the algorithm comprises an inner circulation part and an outer circulation part:
external circulation: in each outer loop, an antenna set is randomly generated and set to be p ═ { p (1), p (2), …, p (q) }, then the corresponding optimized antenna set is obtained through inner loop optimization, S1 antenna sets are obtained through S1 outer loops, and the antenna set with the largest channel capacity is selected as the final selection result.
Internal circulation: in each inner cycle, sequentially updating each element in the initial set p according to the maximum channel capacity principle, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) update the first element in set p: and (3) sequentially replacing the first element in p by each element in the rest antenna sets {1,2, …, M } \ p, solving the channel capacity corresponding to the antenna set after each replacement, finding out the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity from the channel capacities, comparing the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity with the initial set p, and taking the antenna set p1 with the larger channel capacity as the initial set for updating the second element.
(2) Update the second element in p 1: and (3) sequentially replacing a second element in the p1 by each element in the residual antenna set {1,2, …, M } \ p1, calculating the channel capacity corresponding to the antenna set after each replacement, finding out the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity from the channel capacities, comparing the channel capacities of the antenna set with the set p1, and taking the antenna set p2 with the larger channel capacity as an initial set for updating a third element.
(3) By analogy, the Q elements are completely updated to obtain the latest antenna set pQ, and then the inner circulation process is finished.
And (3) taking the obtained antenna set pQ as an initial set of the next internal circulation, continuously repeating the steps (1) to (3) until the set internal circulation times S2 are reached or the antenna sets obtained by the two adjacent internal circulations are the same, and ending the internal circulation process.
The improvement of the performance of the traditional random antenna method is analyzed by combining with a simulation experiment, the simulation is carried out in a matlab software environment, and the main simulation parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Principal parameters | Numerical value |
| Number of transmitting antennas M | 128 |
| Number of receiving |
4 |
| Number of RF links Q of transmitting end | 1～30 |
| Channel with a plurality of channels | Flat fading channel |
As can be seen from fig. 4, the channel capacity performance of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the conventional random antenna selection method, and is substantially the same as that of the exhaustive method. Meanwhile, the advantages of the invention are more obvious along with the increase of the number of the selected antennas.
Because the traditional random antenna selection method only randomly selects the needed number of antennas and does not consider channel state information, the invention makes up the defects of the traditional random antenna selection method, considers the channel state information of the system, continuously updates the antenna set by utilizing the sequential iteration process, and selects the antenna set with the largest channel capacity, thereby greatly improving the performance of the system, realizing the performance close to the exhaustive algorithm and being far less than the calculation complexity of the exhaustive method.
The present invention also provides another MIMO system, comprising a transmitter, a receiver, rf chains respectively configured at the transmitter and the receiver, and a processor for selecting a set of antennas, the processor being configured to execute the following instructions:
and establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information in the MIMO system through channel estimation.
Randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the group of antenna sets according to the channel capacity maximization principle, wherein the updating mode comprises the steps of sequentially updating each element in the sets, repeating the updating mode until set times S3 are reached or the sets generated by two adjacent times are the same, and taking the updated antenna sets as first optimal antenna sets.
And randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all the transmitting antennas, updating the reselected antenna sets according to an updating mode, comparing the updated antenna sets with the first optimal antenna set, and taking the group of antenna sets with the maximum channel capacity as a second optimal antenna set.
And selecting the next optimal antenna set until the number of times of randomly selecting the antenna set reaches the set number of times S4, and taking the current optimal antenna set as the final optimal antenna set.
The two MIMO systems of the invention are different in that the processors of the MIMO systems operate different antenna selection instructions, one method for updating the antenna set by adopting parallel calculation has high calculation speed and high effect, and the other method for updating the antenna set by adopting serial calculation has relatively low calculation speed but has low requirements on processor hardware.
Since the instructions employed by the processor of the MIMO system correspond to the method for serially calculating the updated antenna sets, the instructions executed by the processor will not be described in detail.
The large-scale MIMO system provided by the invention searches the antenna set with the largest channel capacity by using a sequential iteration method, takes the channel capacity as an evaluation index, and has the calculation complexity far lower than that of an exhaustive method but the performance close to that of the exhaustive method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A random antenna selection method, comprising the steps of:
1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
2) randomly selecting S1 groups of antenna sets, wherein S1 is more than or equal to 2, and updating each group of antenna sets according to the maximum channel capacity principle; updating each element in the antenna set in turn, and repeating the updating mode until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed;
3) comparing the updated S1 antenna sets, and taking the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity as an optimal antenna set;
the method for updating each group of antenna sets specifically includes the following steps:
A. taking each group of antenna sets needing to be updated in the step 2) as an initial set p = { p (1), p (2), …, p: (b) =Q) Is provided in the initial set pQElements, each element representing an antenna;
B. updating each element p in the initial set p in turn (k) Whereink=1,…,Q(ii) a The remaining unselected antenna sets are added tokAn element p: (k) In turn replaces the first element in the initial set pkAn element p: (k) And calculating the channel capacity corresponding to each antenna set newly formed, updating the set p with the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity, and thenPost-update the next element, when allQAfter updating of each element, obtaining a latest antenna set;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
2. A random antenna selection method, comprising the steps of:
(1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
(2) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the group of antenna sets according to the channel capacity maximization principle, wherein the updating mode comprises the steps of sequentially updating each element in the group of antenna sets, repeating the updating mode until the set times S3 are reached or the updated antenna combination is not changed, and taking the updated antenna set as a first optimal antenna set;
(3) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the reselected antenna sets according to the updating mode, comparing the updated antenna sets with the first optimal antenna set, and taking the group of antenna sets with the maximum channel capacity as a second optimal antenna set;
(4) then selecting the next optimal antenna set, and taking the current optimal antenna set as the final optimal antenna set when the number of times of randomly selecting the antenna set reaches the set number of times S4;
the updating mode of each group of randomly selected antenna sets specifically comprises the following steps:
A. taking the group of antenna sets randomly selected in the step (2) as an initial set p = { p (1), p (2), …, p: (2) =Q) Is provided in the initial set pQElements, each element representing an antenna;
B. updating each element p in the initial set p in turn (k) Whereink=1,…,Q(ii) a Will remain unselectedAntenna set andkan element p: (k) In turn replaces the first element in the initial set pkAn element p: (k) And the channel capacity corresponding to each antenna set newly formed is calculated, the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity is used for updating the set p, then the next element is updated, and when all the antenna sets are upQAfter updating of each element, obtaining a latest antenna set;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S3 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
3. A MIMO system comprising a transmitter, a receiver, rf chains respectively configured at the transmitter and the receiver, and a processor for selecting a set of antennas, wherein the processor is configured to perform the steps of:
1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
2) randomly selecting S1 groups of antenna sets, wherein S1 is more than or equal to 2, and updating each group of antenna sets according to the maximum channel capacity principle; updating each element in the antenna set in turn, and repeating the updating mode until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed;
3) comparing the updated S1 antenna sets, and taking the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity as an optimal antenna set;
the method for updating each group of antenna sets specifically includes the following steps:
A. taking each group of antenna sets needing to be updated in the step 2) as an initial set p = { p (1), p (2), …, p: (b) =Q) Is provided in the initial set pQElements, each element representing an antenna;
B. updating each element p in the initial set p in turn (k) Whereink=1,…,Q(ii) a The remaining unselected antenna sets are added tokAn element p: (k) Union ofIn turn replaces the first element in the initial set pkAn element p: (k) And the channel capacity corresponding to each antenna set newly formed is calculated, the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity is used for updating the set p, then the next element is updated, and when all the antenna sets are upQAfter updating of each element, obtaining a latest antenna set;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S2 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
4. A MIMO system comprising a transmitter, a receiver, rf chains respectively configured at the transmitter and the receiver, and a processor for selecting a set of antennas, wherein the processor is configured to perform the steps of:
(1) establishing a signal model of the MIMO system, and acquiring channel state information of the MIMO system through channel estimation;
(2) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the group of antenna sets according to the channel capacity maximization principle, wherein the updating mode comprises the steps of sequentially updating each element in the group of antenna sets, repeating the updating mode until the set times S3 are reached or the updated antenna combination is not changed, and taking the updated antenna set as a first optimal antenna set;
(3) randomly selecting a group of antenna sets from all transmitting antennas, updating the reselected antenna sets according to the updating mode, comparing the updated antenna sets with the first optimal antenna set, and taking the group of antenna sets with the maximum channel capacity as a second optimal antenna set;
(4) then selecting the next optimal antenna set, and taking the current optimal antenna set as the final optimal antenna set when the number of times of randomly selecting the antenna set reaches the set number of times S4;
the updating mode of each group of randomly selected antenna sets specifically comprises the following steps:
A. taking the group of antenna sets randomly selected in the step (2) as an initial set p = { p (1), p (2), …, p: (2) =Q) Is provided in the initial set pQElements, each element representing an antenna;
B. updating each element p in the initial set p in turn (k) Whereink=1,…,Q(ii) a The remaining unselected antenna sets are added tokAn element p: (k) In turn replaces the first element in the initial set pkAn element p: (k) And the channel capacity corresponding to each antenna set newly formed is calculated, the antenna set with the maximum channel capacity is used for updating the set p, then the next element is updated, and when all the antenna sets are upQAfter updating of each element, obtaining a latest antenna set;
C. and taking the latest antenna set as an initial set, and repeating the step B until the set times S3 is reached, or the updated antenna set is not changed any more, wherein the obtained antenna set is the final updated antenna set.
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