CN107332304B - inductive wireless charging system capable of sharing charging pile - Google Patents
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- H02J7/025—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
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Abstract
The invention discloses an induction type wireless charging system capable of sharing a charging pile, which consists of a transmitting part and a receiving part, wherein a first constant current and constant voltage switching circuit and a second constant current and constant voltage switching circuit are arranged on the receiving part for realizing the purposes, and the components are as follows: the secondary constant-current compensation inductor is connected with the first change-over switch in series, and the control end of the first change-over switch is connected with the first controller; the second constant-current and constant-voltage switching circuit comprises the following components: the secondary constant voltage compensation inductor is connected with the second change-over switch in series, and the control end of the second change-over switch is connected with the first controller. The invention can output constant current and constant voltage irrelevant to load, is suitable for a plurality of charging systems to share one inverter, has pure resistance in the whole process of input impedance, can avoid the input of reactive power, can improve the system efficiency, enables equipment with different charging requirements to share the charging pile, and improves the utilization rate of the charging pile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an induction type wireless charging system capable of sharing a charging pile.
background
The inductive wireless power transmission technology is a novel power supply technology for realizing non-contact power transmission by using soft media such as a magnetic field and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of medical treatment, consumer electronics, underwater power supply, electric vehicle charging, rail transit and the like by virtue of the advantages of flexible power supply, safety, high stability, strong environmental affinity and the like. The battery is charged wirelessly by using an inductive wireless power transmission technology, so that the defects of contact spark, plug aging and the like of the traditional plugging system are overcome, and the development prospect is huge.
In order to realize safe charging of the battery and prolong the service life and the charging and discharging times of the battery, the charging device mainly comprises two charging stages of constant current and constant voltage. Namely, the constant current mode is adopted in the initial charging stage, and the voltage of the battery is rapidly increased; and when the voltage of the battery reaches the charging set voltage, the battery is charged in a constant voltage mode, the charging current is gradually reduced until the charging cut-off current is reached, and the charging is finished. That is, an inductive wireless charging system that charges a battery should provide constant current and voltage.
The rechargeable battery of multiple specification exists in the current market, and the requirement of its charging current and voltage is also often different, consequently, can only use the electric pile of filling of only matching to carry out the wireless charging of one-to-one induction type for it often, and it is very low to fill electric pile rate of utilization, and is very inconvenient, and the cost is also higher.
The existing wireless charging system mainly comprises the following components and working processes: the power frequency alternating current is rectified into direct current, the direct current is inverted into high-frequency alternating current after passing through an inverter, and the high-frequency alternating current is injected into a primary coil to generate a high-frequency alternating magnetic field; the secondary coil induces an induced electromotive force in the high-frequency magnetic field generated by the primary coil, and the induced electromotive force supplies electric power to the load through high-frequency rectification. Since the equivalent impedance of the load (battery) varies, it is difficult for the system to output a constant current or voltage required by the load at a certain input voltage. To solve this problem, there are two general approaches: introducing closed-loop negative feedback control in a circuit system, for example, adding a controller to adjust input voltage or adopting phase-shift control before an inverter, or adding a DC-DC converter after a secondary coil is rectified; the drawback is that the control cost and complexity are increased and the system stability is reduced. And secondly, frequency conversion control is adopted, the system works at two different frequency points to realize constant current and constant voltage output, but the method can generate a frequency bifurcation phenomenon, so that the system works unstably.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to enable an induction type wireless charging system to output constant current and constant voltage, and is suitable for charging batteries, in particular to charging multiple loads under a single power supply, such as charging multiple electric vehicles simultaneously; the control is convenient, the system works stably, and the input reactive power is almost zero; the voltage and the current of different demands can be configured and output only by changing the secondary parameters, so that the charging pile is shared by the batteries with different charging currents and voltages, and the utilization rate of the charging pile is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the aim is that the induction type wireless charging system capable of sharing the charging pile comprises a transmitting part and a receiving part, wherein the input end of a high-frequency inverter H is connected with a direct-current power supply E, and the output end of the high-frequency inverter H is connected with a primary compensation capacitor C in seriesPRear-connected primary coil LPForming the transmitting section; the receiving section is configured to: secondary coil LSSecondary compensator Pe1The secondary compensator II Pe2A secondary compensation capacitor II CS3The rectifier filter circuit D is connected with the rectifier filter circuit D in sequence; the secondary compensator Pe1And secondary compensator IIe2The inductor or the capacitor is used for forming the capacitor; secondary compensation capacitor CS1connected to a secondary compensator Pe1And secondary compensator IIe2connection point and secondary coil LSThe connection point of the rectifying and filtering circuit D is connected with the power supply; the output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit D is connected with a battery load Z. The secondary compensator II Pe2And a secondary compensation capacitor II CS3Connection point and secondary compensation capacitor CS1A constant-current and constant-voltage switching circuit Q is connected between the rectifying filter circuit D and the connecting point1The secondary compensation capacitor II CS3Two ends of the two-stage converter are connected in parallel with a constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit2。
the constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit I Q1the composition of (A) is as follows: secondary constant current compensation inductance LS3And a change-over switch S1In series and switches one S1Control terminal and controller-K1Are connected.
the constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit II Q2The composition of (A) is as follows: secondary constant voltage compensation inductance LLAnd a second selector switch S2In series and switching the switch two S2Control terminal and controller-K1are connected.
Further, the secondary compensator Pe1And secondary compensator IIe2Is composed of an inductor or a capacitor. Secondary compensator Pe1and secondary compensator IIe2The inductor or the capacitor is used for forming the circuit, and the circuit has four conditions: pe1inductance-Pe2inductance, Pe1inductance-Pe2Capacitance, Pe1capacitance-Pe2inductance, Pe1capacitance-Pe2And (4) a capacitor.
Further, the primary compensation capacitor CPCapacitance value ofDetermined by equation (1):
Where ω is the system operating angular frequency.
the secondary compensation capacitor CS1Capacitance value ofdetermined by equation (2):
WhereinIs the output voltage value of the DC power supply E, M is the primary coil LPAnd a secondary coil LSMutual inductance value of, VBTo set the charging voltage.
the secondary compensation capacitor II CS3Capacitance value ofDetermined by equation (3):
wherein IBto set the charging current.
The secondary constant current compensation inductor LS3inductance value ofDetermined by equation (4):
The secondary constant voltage compensation inductor LLInductance value ofdetermined by equation (5):
The secondary compensator Pe1Is determined by the following formula: if the secondary compensator is Pe1Impedance ofin the inductive state, the inductance L is compensated by the secondary coile1Composition of value thereofdetermined by equation (6):
If the secondary compensator is Pe1Impedance ofCapacitive, then the secondary coil compensates the capacitor Ce1Composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (7):
The secondary compensator II Pe2Is determined by the following formula: if the secondary compensator is two Pe2Impedance ofIn the inductive state, the inductance L is compensated by the secondary coile2Composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (8):
If the secondary compensator is Pe2Impedance ofCapacitive, then the secondary coil compensates the capacitor Ce2Composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (9):
The application method of the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
The first controller controls the first change-over switch to be closed and the second change-over switch to be opened, the system works in a constant current mode, constant current is output to a load, and set constant charging current I is provided for the batteryB(ii) a Is suitable for the initial stage of battery charging.
The first controller controls the first change-over switch to be switched off and the second change-over switch to be switched on, the system works in a constant voltage mode, constant voltage is output to a load, and the set constant charging voltage V is provided for the batteryB(ii) a The method is suitable for the later stage of charging the battery and is adopted when the voltage of the battery reaches the charging set voltage.
The theoretical analysis of the system output constant current and constant voltage in the scheme of the invention is as follows:
Consider a circuit as shown in FIG. 1, where the primary winding is LPSecondary winding of LS. A T-type equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 2, where an excitation inductance L is M, and primary and secondary leakage inductances are: l isP-M,LS-M, if CPSatisfy the requirement ofCSsatisfy the requirement ofNamely, it is
The system input impedance is, at times:
The output current can be further calculated as:
It can be seen that under the structure shown in fig. 1, the input impedance of the system is pure resistive, and the output current of the system is independent of the size of the load, that is, under the working condition of load variation, the system can keep constant current output, and is suitable for the early stage of battery charging.
Similarly, consider the structure shown in FIG. 3, if LS1And LS2Satisfy the relation:
The system input impedance is then:
The output voltage can further be calculated as:
it can be seen that in the structure shown in fig. 3, the input impedance of the system is purely resistive, and the output voltage of the system is independent of the size of the load, that is, under the working condition of load variation, the system can keep constant voltage output, and is suitable for the later stage of battery charging.
Similarly, consider FIG. 4the structure shown, if CS2And CS3Satisfy the relation:
The system input impedance is then:
The output current can be further calculated as:
It can be seen that in the structure shown in fig. 4, the input impedance of the system is purely resistive, and the output current of the system is independent of the size of the load, that is, under the working condition of load variation, the system can keep constant current output, and is suitable for the early stage of battery charging.
If the voltage source in fig. 1 is replaced by a dc power source E and a high-frequency inverter, the high-frequency inverter inputs the voltageand an output voltage ViThe relationship between them is:
The current source in fig. 3 is replaced by the system output current in fig. 1, the voltage source in fig. 4 by the system output voltage in fig. 3, the load in fig. 4 by a battery load and a rectifier bridge, the input voltage V of which isoAnd an output voltage VBThe relationship between them is:
Input current I of rectifier bridgeoAnd an output current IBThe relationship between them is:
The structure shown in fig. 5 can be combined, and based on the analysis made above, it is obvious that the system input impedance is pure resistive under such a structure, and the functions of voltage source input and system constant current output can be realized, and the output currents obtained by combining equations (12), (15), (18), (19) and (21) are:
the method is suitable for the early stage of battery charging. In order to reduce the number of components and save the cost, C in the structure shown in FIG. 5SAnd LS1Combined into a component secondary compensator Pe1、LS2and CS2Combined into a component secondary compensator II Pe2The structure shown in fig. 6 is obtained.
The principle of implementing the circuit for outputting the constant current of the system is described in the foregoing, and the following describes that the conversion between the constant voltage and the constant current of the system is implemented by the secondary variable structure on the basis of the structure shown in fig. 6, so as to meet the requirement of the voltage and the current output by the system in the whole charging process.
The scheme is shown in figure 7, in the early stage of charging, in order to obtain the constant current output of the system current, a controller K1Closing the change-over switch I S1And disconnecting the second switch S2At this time, the system configuration becomes the configuration shown in fig. 6.
in the later stage of charging, in order to obtain constant voltage output of system voltage, controller K1Disconnecting the switch-over switch-S1And closing the switch II S2When connected in parallel to C under the structureS3Two-terminal secondary constant voltage compensation inductor LLimpedance value ofSatisfy the requirement of
Based on the above analysis, it is obvious that the system input impedance is pure resistive under such a structure, and the functions of voltage source input and system constant voltage output can be realized, and the output voltages obtained by the combination of equations (12), (15), (19) and (20) are:
Then the voltage V is constant at the load required by the userBInput DC voltagePrimary coil LPsecondary coil LSinductance value ofUnder the condition that the mutual inductance M between the primary stages and the system working frequency f are constant, the secondary compensation capacitor-C is obtained by the formula (24)S1capacitance value ofthe conditions are required to be satisfied:
The primary compensation capacitance C is given by the equation (10)PCapacitance value ofThe conditions are required to be satisfied:
the secondary compensator P is formed by the formula (10)e1C of (A)SCapacitance value ofThe conditions are required to be satisfied:
The secondary compensator P is formed by the equations (13), (25)e1L ofS1Inductance value ofThe conditions are required to be satisfied:
From equations (27), (28) the secondary compensator P can be determinede1: if the secondary compensator is Pe1Impedance ofIn the inductive state, the inductance L is compensated by the secondary coile1Composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (29):
If the secondary compensator is Pe1Impedance ofCapacitive, then the secondary coil compensates the capacitor Ce1composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (30):
The secondary compensator II P is formed by the formula (13)e2L ofS2inductance value ofThe conditions are required to be satisfied:
to determine the parameters of the other elements of the system of FIG. 7, a controller K1Closing the change-over switch I S1And disconnecting the second switch S2And the system current is output in a constant current mode.
The secondary constant current compensation inductance L can be known from the formulas (22) and (25)S3Inductance value ofThe conditions are required to be satisfied:
The secondary compensator II P is formed by the equations (16) and (32)e2C of (A)S2capacitance value ofthe conditions are required to be satisfied:
the secondary compensator II P can be determined by the equations (31), (33)e2: if the secondary compensator is two Pe2Impedance ofIn the inductive state, the inductance L is compensated by the secondary coile2Composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (34):
If the secondary compensator is Pe2Impedance ofCapacitive, then the secondary coil compensates the capacitor Ce2composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (35):
The secondary compensation capacitor two C can be obtained from the equations (16) and (32)S3capacitance value ofThe conditions are required to be satisfied:
Finally, the secondary constant voltage compensation inductor L can be obtained from the equations (23), (25), (35) and (36)LInductance value ofThe conditions are required to be satisfied:
In summary, when controller K1Closing the change-over switch I S1And disconnecting the second switch S2The system outputs constant current suitable for use in the early stage of charging when the controller is one K1Disconnecting the switch-over switch-S1and closing the switch II S2And the system outputs constant voltage and is suitable for later use in charging.
When the combined type (22) and the combined type (24) work in a constant current output mode or a constant voltage output mode, the output current or the output voltage can be changed only by changing the secondary parameter, so that the charging pile with the same specification can be used when equipment with different requirements on the charging current and the charging voltage is charged, the compatibility of the charging pile is improved, the charging pile is more convenient, and the manufacturing cost is also reduced.
In addition, the combination of the equations (11), (14) and (17) can deduce that the input impedance of the system is:The system is pure resistive, so that when the system outputs constant current, the system almost has no reactive power input, and the requirement of the system on the capacity of the inverter is reduced.
Similarly, when the combination of equations (11) and (14) can derive the input impedance of the system operating in the constant voltage output mode:The system is pure resistive, so that when the system outputs constant current, the system almost has no reactive power input, and the requirement of the system on the capacity of the inverter is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the induction type wireless charging system capable of sharing the charging pile, the circuit topology structure of the secondary stage can be changed only by arranging two change-over switches on the secondary stage, so that constant current and constant voltage irrelevant to a load can be output, and the requirements of initial constant current charging and later constant voltage charging of a battery are met. The system works under a frequency point, the frequency bifurcation phenomenon can not occur, and the system works stably. The circuit structure is simple, the cost is low, only simple control switch switching is needed during working, no complex control strategy is needed, and primary and secondary communication is not needed; the control is simple, convenient and reliable.
After the circuit parameters of the system are determined, the output constant current and constant voltage which are irrelevant to the load are only relevant to the output voltage of the high-frequency inverter, so that the rear circuits of a plurality of high-frequency inverters of the system can be connected in parallel to the same high-frequency inverter, a plurality of batteries or charging equipment can be charged simultaneously, the number of the high-frequency inverters in the process of charging the loads of the plurality of batteries is greatly reduced, and the charging cost is reduced.
When the circuit topology of the invention outputs the constant voltage and the constant current of the system, the output voltage and the output current of the inverter are in the same phase, so that the inverter has almost no injected reactive power, the system loss is smaller, and the requirement on the capacity of the inverter is reduced.
And when the circuit topology outputs the system with constant voltage or constant current, the output voltage or the output current of the circuit topology can be changed only by changing the secondary parameter, so that the charging pile with the same specification can be used when equipment with different requirements on the charging current and the charging voltage is charged, the utilization rate of the charging pile is improved, the charging pile is more convenient, and the manufacturing cost is also reduced.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a system with primary and secondary compensation in series.
FIG. 2 is a T-type equivalent circuit diagram of a system circuit with series compensation in the primary and secondary stages.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an LCL type with the excitation source being a current source.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the CLC type with the excitation source being a voltage source.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a constant current output system.
Fig. 6 is a simplified diagram of a constant current output system circuit diagram.
Fig. 7 is a system circuit diagram.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: e is DC power supply, H is high-frequency inverter, Q1Is a constant current and constant voltage switching circuit I, Q2a second constant current and constant voltage switching circuit CPFor primary compensation of capacitance, LPIs a primary coil, LSIs a secondary coil, Pe1Is a secondary compensator one, Pe2Is a secondary compensator two, CS1For the secondary compensation of capacitor one, CS3For secondary compensation of a second capacitor LS3For secondary constant current compensation of inductance, LLA secondary constant voltage compensation inductor, a rectifier filter circuit, a battery load, and a secondary constant voltage compensation inductor1Is a change-over switch I, S2To switch a second, K1Is a controller I, ViFor equivalent output power of high-frequency inverter HVoltage, R is the equivalent load of the battery viewed from the input port of the rectifying and filtering circuit, VBIs the voltage across the cell, IBis the current flowing through the battery.
Detailed Description
as shown in fig. 7, the embodiment of the present invention is an inductive wireless charging system capable of sharing a charging pile, which comprises a transmitting part and a receiving part, wherein an input end of a high-frequency inverter H is connected with a dc power supply E, and an output end of the high-frequency inverter H is connected in series with a primary compensation capacitor CPRear-connected primary coil LPForming the transmitting section; the receiving section is configured to: secondary coil LSsecondary compensator Pe1the secondary compensator II Pe2A secondary compensation capacitor II CS3The rectifier filter circuit D is connected with the rectifier filter circuit D in sequence; the secondary compensator Pe1And secondary compensator IIe2The inductor or the capacitor is used for forming the capacitor; secondary compensation capacitor CS1Connected to a secondary compensator Pe1And secondary compensator IIe2Connection point and secondary coil LSThe connection point of the rectifying and filtering circuit D is connected with the power supply; the output end of the rectification filter circuit D is connected with a battery load Z; characterized in that the secondary compensator II Pe2And a secondary compensation capacitor II CS3Connection point and secondary compensation capacitor CS1A constant-current and constant-voltage switching circuit Q is connected between the rectifying filter circuit D and the connecting point1The secondary compensation capacitor II CS3Two ends of the two-stage converter are connected in parallel with a constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit2。
The constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit I Q1The composition of (A) is as follows: secondary constant current compensation inductance LS3And a change-over switch S1In series and switches one S1Control terminal and controller-K1Are connected.
The constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit II Q2The composition of (A) is as follows: secondary constant voltage compensation inductance LLAnd a second selector switch S2In series and switching the switch two S2Control terminal and controller-K1Are connected.
Further, it is characterized in that:
The primary compensation capacitor CPCapacitance value ofDetermined by equation (1):
Where ω is the system operating angular frequency.
The secondary compensation capacitor CS1Capacitance value ofDetermined by equation (2):
whereinIs the output voltage value of the DC power supply E, M is the primary coil LPAnd a secondary coil LSMutual inductance value of, VBTo set the charging voltage.
The secondary compensation capacitor II CS3Capacitance value ofDetermined by equation (3):
Wherein IBTo set the charging current.
The secondary constant current compensation inductor LS3Inductance value ofDetermined by equation (4):
The secondary constant voltage compensation inductor LLInductance value ofDetermined by equation (5):
The secondary compensator Pe1Is determined by the following formula: if the secondary compensator is Pe1Impedance ofIn the inductive state, the inductance L is compensated by the secondary coile1composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (6):
If the secondary compensator is Pe1Impedance ofCapacitive, then the secondary coil compensates the capacitor Ce1Composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (7):
The secondary compensator II Pe2Is determined by the following formula: if the secondary compensator is two Pe2Impedance ofIn the inductive state, the inductance L is compensated by the secondary coile2The structure of the utility model is that the material,Its valueDetermined by equation (8):
If the secondary compensator is Pe2Impedance ofCapacitive, then the secondary coil compensates the capacitor Ce2Composition of value thereofdetermined by equation (9):
。
Claims (1)
1. an induction type wireless charging system capable of sharing a charging pile comprises a transmitting part and a receiving part, wherein the input end of a high-frequency inverter H is connected with a direct-current power supply E, and the output end of the high-frequency inverter H is connected with a primary compensation capacitor C in seriesPRear-connected primary coil LPForming the transmitting section; the receiving section is configured to: secondary coil LSsecondary compensator Pe1The secondary compensator II Pe2A secondary compensation capacitor II CS3The rectifier filter circuit D is connected with the rectifier filter circuit D in sequence; secondary compensation capacitor CS1Connected to a secondary compensator Pe1and secondary compensator IIe2Connection point and secondary coil LSThe connection point of the rectifying and filtering circuit D is connected with the power supply; the output end of the rectification filter circuit D is connected with a battery load Z; the secondary compensator II Pe2And a secondary compensation capacitor II CS3Connection point and secondary compensation capacitor CS1A constant-current and constant-voltage switching circuit Q is connected between the rectifying filter circuit D and the connecting point1the secondary compensation capacitor II CS3two ends of the two-stage converter are connected in parallel with a constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit2；
The constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit I Q1The composition of (A) is as follows: secondary constant current compensation inductance LS3And a change-over switch S1In series and switches one S1Control terminal and controller-K1connecting;
The constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit II Q2The composition of (A) is as follows: secondary constant voltage compensation inductance LLAnd a second selector switch S2In series and switching the switch two S2Control terminal and controller-K1Connecting;
It is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the primary compensation capacitor CPcapacitance value ofDetermined by equation (1):
Where omega is the angular frequency of operation of the system,Is a primary coil LPThe inductance value of (a);
The secondary compensation capacitor CS1Capacitance value ofDetermined by equation (2):
WhereinIs the output voltage value of the DC power supply E, M is the primary coil LPAnd a secondary coil LSMutual inductance value of, VBTo set the charging voltage;
the above-mentionedSecondary compensation capacitor of (II)S3Capacitance value ofDetermined by equation (3):
Wherein IBTo set the charging current;
The secondary constant current compensation inductor LS3inductance value ofdetermined by equation (4):
The secondary constant voltage compensation inductor LLInductance value ofdetermined by equation (5):
The secondary compensator Pe1Is determined by the following formula: if the secondary compensator is Pe1Impedance ofIn the inductive state, the inductance L is compensated by the secondary coile1composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (6):
WhereinIs a secondary coil LSan inductance value;
If the secondary compensator is Pe1impedance ofcapacitive, then the secondary coil compensates the capacitor Ce1composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (7):
The secondary compensator II Pe2Is determined by the following formula: if the secondary compensator is two Pe2Impedance ofIn the inductive state, the inductance L is compensated by the secondary coile2Composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (8):
If the secondary compensator is two Pe2Impedance ofCapacitive, then the secondary coil compensates the capacitor Ce2Composition of value thereofDetermined by equation (9):
。
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| CN103746462B (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2016-01-20 | 重庆米亚车辆技术有限公司 | A kind of bilateral LCC compensating network for wireless power transmission and tuning methods thereof |
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