CN107331866A - A kind of application of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material - Google Patents
A kind of application of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107331866A CN107331866A CN201710486569.7A CN201710486569A CN107331866A CN 107331866 A CN107331866 A CN 107331866A CN 201710486569 A CN201710486569 A CN 201710486569A CN 107331866 A CN107331866 A CN 107331866A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- ion battery
- application
- expanded graphite
- negative material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of application of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material, the preparation method of the expanded graphite is, suction filtration graphite after graphite and concentrated acid are mixed, filtered graphite is dried, graphite after the drying is placed in inert gas again is warming up to 500~1000 DEG C with 1~20 DEG C/min speed, and the expanded graphite applied to kalium ion battery negative material can be obtained after being incubated a period of time.Expanded graphite is applied to kalium ion battery negative pole, can make kalium ion battery that there is excellent ion and electron propagation ducts, Stability Analysis of Structures and can be recycled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ion battery technology field, and in particular to a kind of expanded graphite is in kalium ion battery negative material
Application.
Background technology
With expanding economy, social progress, traditional fossil energy resource-constrained pollutes environment, therefore the energy is endangered
Machine and problem of environmental pollution become increasingly conspicuous.So, exploitation new cleaning fuel is particularly important, such as wind energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, life
Thing energy, geothermal energy etc..Development and utilization for these new energy needs the unified theoretical system of Erecting and improving, and wherein energy storage shows
Obtain particularly important.
Lithium ion battery occupies critical role as energy storage and conversion element in new energy field.But it is due to
Lithium resource storage in the earth's crust is limited, thus the recyclable secondary cell of exploitation green occupy it is significant.In recent years, it is many new
Type energy-storage battery is applied and given birth to, and is quickly grown, such as sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion secondary cell.Wherein, potassium from
Sub- battery has some unique advantages, and such as potassium resource is cheap, rich reserves, and kalium ion battery and lithium ion battery
Standard electrode potential is closest etc..
Kalium ion battery relies primarily on potassium ion and moves to be operated between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, however, potassium ion
Radius is more than the radius of lithium ion, and the negative material of battery allows for being embedded in load ion.There are some researches show with potassium ion
Compare, during the radius of sodium ion and the radius of lithium ion are more closely, lithium ion can be embedded in using graphite as the negative pole of material, but
It is during sodium ion can not be but embedded in using graphite as the negative pole of material, so as to limit graphite as sodium ion as negative material
Using, this also illustrates the negative material in lithium ion battery can not be applied to other load ion batteries negative material in,
The kalium ion battery negative material reported at present simultaneously is less, therefore exploitation environmental protection, Stability Analysis of Structures, the conjunction of electrochemistry platform
The big new kalium ion battery tool of suitable, specific capacity is of great significance.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery
Application in negative material, by expanded graphite be applied to kalium ion battery negative pole, can make kalium ion battery have it is excellent from
Son and electron propagation ducts, Stability Analysis of Structures and can be recycled.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of application of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material, the preparation method of the expanded graphite is to incite somebody to action
Suction filtration graphite after graphite and concentrated acid are mixed, filtered graphite is dried, then graphite after the drying is placed in inertia
It can be obtained applied to potassium ion after being warming up to 500~1000 DEG C, insulation a period of time in gas with 1~20 DEG C/min speed
The expanded graphite of cell negative electrode material.
By the present inventor test invention using the above method prepare expanded graphite have can be embedded in potassium from
The gap of son, while potassium ion can be enable to be embedded in the expanded graphite, expanded graphite prepared by this method is used as potassium
Ion battery cathode material, its capacity is up to 400mAh/g.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of kalium ion battery, using the expanded graphite in above-mentioned application as potassium from
The negative material of sub- battery.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. expanded graphite can be used for kalium ion battery negative material by the present invention, there is excellent ion and electronics to pass for it
Defeated passage, has environmental protection, Stability Analysis of Structures is recycled profit using the expanded graphite as the kalium ion battery of negative material
With, can as lithium ion battery substitute.
2. the expanded graphite prepared in the present invention is as kalium ion battery negative material, its capacity is up to 400mAh/g.
Brief description of the drawings
The Figure of description for constituting the part of the application is used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its illustrate be used for explain the application, do not constitute the improper restriction to the application.
Fig. 1 is the charge and discharge electrograph of the sample of embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the circulation figure of the sample of embodiment 1.
Embodiment
It is noted that described further below is all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
Indicate, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology are with usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in this manual using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
Heretofore described concentrated acid mass fraction is more than 50% strong acid solution, the strong acid solution, such as sulfuric acid, nitre
Acid etc..
Heretofore described inert gas is the gas not chemically reacted with graphite, such as nitrogen, argon gas.
As background technology is introduced, can be applied to kalium ion battery negative material less for presence in the prior art
Deficiency, in order to solve technical problem as above, present applicant proposes a kind of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material
Using.
A kind of a kind of exemplary embodiment of the application answering in kalium ion battery negative material there is provided expanded graphite
With the preparation method of the expanded graphite is that suction filtration graphite after mixing graphite and concentrated acid carries out filtered graphite
Dry, then graphite after the drying is placed in inert gas and is warming up to 500~1000 DEG C, insulation with 1~20 DEG C/min speed
The expanded graphite applied to kalium ion battery negative material can be obtained after a period of time.
By the present inventor test invention using the above method prepare expanded graphite have can be embedded in potassium from
The gap of son, while potassium ion can be enable to be embedded in the expanded graphite, expanded graphite prepared by this method is used as potassium
Ion battery cathode material, its capacity is up to 400mAh/g.
It is preferred that, the concentrated acid is the mixture of the concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid or both.
It is further preferred that the concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 60~80% (quality), the concentration of concentrated nitric acid is 60~80%
(quality).
It is preferred that, mixing time is 0.5~24h.
It is preferred that, the speed of stirring is 30~600r/min.
It is preferred that, suction filtration pressure is -0.1~0MPa (not including 0MPa).
It is preferred that, filtered graphite is dried again after being washed.Expanded graphite surface attachment acidic materials are prevented,
Influence battery performance.
It is further preferred that the water that washing is used is distilled water.Prevent the salt in water to be attached to expanded graphite surface, influence
Battery performance.
It is preferred that, the drying is vacuum drying.
It is further preferred that the temperature of the drying is 40~100 DEG C.
It is further preferred that the drying time is 1~24h.
Present invention also provides a kind of kalium ion battery, kalium ion battery is used as using the expanded graphite in above-mentioned application
Negative material.
In order that the technical scheme of the application can clearly be understood by obtaining those skilled in the art, below with reference to tool
The embodiment of body describes the technical scheme of the application in detail with comparative example.
Embodiment 1：
Weigh 1g graphite and add the concentrated sulfuric acids of 100mL beakers 50mL 60%, magnetic agitation 10h controls rotating speed 100r/min,
Obtained turbid solution is filtered, pressure is filtered for -0.1MPa, obtained black powder is poured into 100mL beakers, 80mL is added and steams
Distilled water washs magnetic agitation 60min, and gained turbid solution is filtered and obtains black powder, repeats the above steps many with distillation water washing
It is secondary, powder is incubated 5h in 60 DEG C of vacuum environments, dried powder is loaded into ceramic boat, is heated up with 5 DEG C/min heating rates,
Using high-purity argon as protective atmosphere, 800 DEG C of insulation 10h, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain expanded graphite in tube furnace.
Be fabricated to using expanded graphite manufactured in the present embodiment as negative material potassium ion half-cell battery (electrolyte as
KPF6/ EC-DEC), its charge and discharge electrograph is as shown in figure 1, its circulation figure is as shown in Fig. 2 can symbolize with manufactured in the present embodiment
Expanded graphite is as negative material, and its capacity is up to 400mAh/g.
Embodiment 2：
Weigh 2g graphite and add the concentrated sulfuric acids of 200mL beakers 100mL 60%, magnetic agitation 15h controls rotating speed 120r/min,
Obtained turbid solution is filtered, pressure is filtered for -0.1MPa, obtained black powder is poured into 200mL beakers, add 150mL
Water washing magnetic agitation 120min is distilled, gained turbid solution is filtered and obtains black powder, is repeated the above steps with distillation washing
Wash repeatedly, powder is incubated 10h in 70 DEG C of vacuum environments, dried powder is loaded into ceramic boat, with 5 DEG C/min heating rates
Heating, using high-purity argon as protective atmosphere, 700 DEG C of insulation 15h, cool to room temperature with the furnace in tube furnace, obtain expanding stone
Ink.
Expanded graphite prepared by the embodiment is fabricated to kalium ion battery as negative material, and its characterization result is with implementing
The characterization result of example 1 is similar.
Embodiment 3：
Weigh 1g graphite and add the concentrated nitric acids of 100mL beakers 50mL 60%, magnetic agitation 10h controls rotating speed 100r/min,
Obtained turbid solution is filtered, pressure is filtered for -0.1MPa, obtained black powder is poured into 100mL beakers, 80mL is added and steams
Distilled water washs magnetic agitation 60min, and gained turbid solution is filtered and obtains black powder, repeats the above steps many with distillation water washing
It is secondary, powder is incubated 5h in 60 DEG C of vacuum environments, dried powder is loaded into ceramic boat, is heated up with 5 DEG C/min heating rates,
Using high-purity argon as protective atmosphere, 800 DEG C of insulation 10h, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain expanded graphite in tube furnace.
Expanded graphite prepared by the embodiment is fabricated to kalium ion battery as negative material, and its characterization result is with implementing
The characterization result of example 1 is similar.
Embodiment 4：
Weigh 2g graphite and add the concentrated nitric acids of 200mL beakers 100mL 60%, magnetic agitation 15h controls rotating speed 120r/min,
Obtained turbid solution is filtered, pressure is filtered for -0.1MPa, obtained black powder is poured into 200mL beakers, add 150mL
Water washing magnetic agitation 120min is distilled, gained turbid solution is filtered and obtains black powder, is repeated the above steps with distillation washing
Wash repeatedly, powder is incubated 10h in 70 DEG C of vacuum environments, dried powder is loaded into ceramic boat, with 5 DEG C/min heating rates
Heating, using high-purity argon as protective atmosphere, 700 DEG C of insulation 15h, cool to room temperature with the furnace in tube furnace, obtain expanding stone
Ink.
Expanded graphite prepared by the embodiment is fabricated to kalium ion battery as negative material, and its characterization result is with implementing
The characterization result of example 1 is similar.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of this comparative example is identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, and difference is, this comparative example
Expanded graphite is characterized as the negative material of lithium ion battery, as a result shows its capacity only 351mAh/g, is not suitable for making
For the negative material of lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of this comparative example is identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, and difference is, this comparative example
Expanded graphite is characterized as the negative material of sodium-ion battery, as a result shows its capacity only 305mAh/g, is not suitable for making
For the negative material of sodium-ion battery.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of this comparative example is identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, and difference is, this comparative example is with 25
DEG C/heating of min heating rates, and using high-purity argon as protective atmosphere, 1200 DEG C of insulation 15h in tube furnace, by the swollen of preparation
Swollen graphite is fabricated to kalium ion battery as negative material, and is characterized, and as a result shows its capacity only 376mAh/g, uncomfortable
Preferably as the negative material of kalium ion battery.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of this comparative example is identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, and difference is, this comparative example with 2 DEG C/
Min heating rates heat up, using high-purity argon as protective atmosphere, 400 DEG C of insulation 15h in tube furnace, by the expansion stone of preparation
Ink is fabricated to kalium ion battery as negative material, and is characterized, and as a result shows its capacity only 347mAh/g, is not suitable for making
For the negative material of kalium ion battery.
The preferred embodiment of the application is the foregoing is only, the application is not limited to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of application of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material, it is characterized in that, the preparation side of the expanded graphite
Method is, suction filtration graphite after graphite and concentrated acid are mixed, and filtered graphite is dried, then graphite after the drying is put
It can be applied to after being warming up to 500~1000 DEG C, insulation a period of time in inert gas with 1~20 DEG C/min speed
The expanded graphite of kalium ion battery negative material.
2. application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concentrated acid is the mixture of the concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid or both；
It is preferred that, the concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 60~80% (quality), and the concentration of concentrated nitric acid is 60~80% (quality).
3. application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, mixing time is 0.5~24h.
4. application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the speed of stirring is 30~600r/min.
5. application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, suction filtration pressure is -0.1~0MPa.
6. application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, filtered graphite is dried again after being washed.
7. application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the drying is vacuum drying.
8. application as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the temperature of the drying is 40~100 DEG C.
9. application as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the drying time is 1~24h.
10. a kind of kalium ion battery, it is characterized in that, potassium is used as using the expanded graphite in any application of claim 1~9
The negative material of ion battery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710486569.7A CN107331866A (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2017-06-23 | A kind of application of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710486569.7A CN107331866A (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2017-06-23 | A kind of application of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107331866A true CN107331866A (en) | 2017-11-07 |
Family
ID=60194768
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710486569.7A Pending CN107331866A (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2017-06-23 | A kind of application of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107331866A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109742475A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-05-10 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of recoverying and utilizing method of negative electrode material of waste lithium ion battery |
| CN110544771A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-12-06 | 暨南大学 | Low-voltage high-loading self-supporting potassium ion battery cathode and preparation and application thereof |
| JPWO2022004623A1 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-06 | ||
| JP7573307B2 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2024-10-25 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Dual Ion Battery |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103693640A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-02 | 山东大学 | Cathodal expanded graphite for low-temperature lithium ion battery |
| CN105762359A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-13 | 深圳市翔丰华科技有限公司 | Preparation method of sodium ion battery high capacity graphite negative electrode material |
| CN106374137A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-01 | 电子科技大学 | Organic negative electrode material of potassium ion battery and preparation method of organic negative electrode material |
| CN106602054A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-04-26 | 东北大学 | Lithium ion battery positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
-
2017
- 2017-06-23 CN CN201710486569.7A patent/CN107331866A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103693640A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-02 | 山东大学 | Cathodal expanded graphite for low-temperature lithium ion battery |
| CN105762359A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-13 | 深圳市翔丰华科技有限公司 | Preparation method of sodium ion battery high capacity graphite negative electrode material |
| CN106374137A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-02-01 | 电子科技大学 | Organic negative electrode material of potassium ion battery and preparation method of organic negative electrode material |
| CN106602054A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-04-26 | 东北大学 | Lithium ion battery positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109742475A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-05-10 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of recoverying and utilizing method of negative electrode material of waste lithium ion battery |
| CN110544771A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-12-06 | 暨南大学 | Low-voltage high-loading self-supporting potassium ion battery cathode and preparation and application thereof |
| JPWO2022004623A1 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-06 | ||
| WO2022004623A1 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-06 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Dual-ion battery |
| JP7573307B2 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2024-10-25 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Dual Ion Battery |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106229492B (en) | A kind of preparation method of the lead carbon battery cathode based on ZIF-8 zeolite imidazole ester skeletal porous carbon nanomaterial | |
| CN105742602B (en) | A kind of sodium-ion battery cathode Sn/MoS2/ C composite and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103427073B (en) | A kind of preparation method of the mesoporous Si/C complex microsphere as lithium cell cathode material | |
| CN103840143B (en) | A kind of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode S/TiO 2the preparation method of composite material | |
| CN105932234A (en) | Doped porous carbon spheres used for negative electrode material of sodium ion battery and preparation method for doped porous carbon spheres | |
| CN106981644A (en) | A kind of porous carbon based on biomass/sulphur composite material and preparation method thereof and its application | |
| CN107732180B (en) | A kind of preparation method for water system sodium-ion battery anode composite material | |
| CN104157852A (en) | Sulfur positive electrode of lithium sulfur battery and preparation method | |
| CN110034288A (en) | A kind of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode graphene grafted polypyrrole nanotube/sulphur composite material preparation method | |
| CN105552333A (en) | Preparation method of graphene/silicon/conducting polymer composite anode material | |
| CN105870425A (en) | Sodium-ion battery carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106505182B (en) | A kind of microcapsule structure carbon-sulfur compound and its preparation and application | |
| CN109950487A (en) | A kind of lithium sulfur battery anode material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104362319A (en) | Preparation method of porous tin-carbon composite negative material | |
| CN109755540A (en) | A kind of lithium sulfur battery anode material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106920941A (en) | Cobalt, titanium and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotube/sulfur composite cathode material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107331866A (en) | A kind of application of expanded graphite in kalium ion battery negative material | |
| CN109546098A (en) | The preparation method of redox graphene load ReS2 for lithium sulfur battery anode material | |
| CN109742439A (en) | A kind of novel lithium-sulfur cell porous interlayer material, preparation method and application | |
| CN107681130A (en) | A kind of preparation method of the lithium sulfur battery anode material of solid electrolyte | |
| CN106340631A (en) | Lithium-sulfur battery anode material and preparation method thereof and lithium-sulfur battery | |
| CN112038606A (en) | Preparation method of polydopamine-derived carbon-coated calcium vanadate nanosheet composite material | |
| CN106830058B (en) | A kind of cellular tin dioxide material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109286002A (en) | Thousand layers of Bark Biomass carbon load red phosphorus anode material of lithium-ion battery of one kind and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104843800A (en) | Solvothermal preparation method for carbon-coated ferriferrous oxide negative electrode material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20171107 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |