CN107328760A - One kind measures improved method for alloy sample surface steam to LIPS - Google Patents
One kind measures improved method for alloy sample surface steam to LIPS Download PDFInfo
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- CN107328760A CN107328760A CN201710450096.5A CN201710450096A CN107328760A CN 107328760 A CN107328760 A CN 107328760A CN 201710450096 A CN201710450096 A CN 201710450096A CN 107328760 A CN107328760 A CN 107328760A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
Abstract
Improved method is measured to LIPS for alloy sample surface steam the invention discloses one kind, this method is the influence to LIBS on-line checkings based on sample surface steam, corresponding curve between the temperature change of ferroalloy sample and quantity of steam is made first, then the influence that metallic vapour is caused is compensated by suitable formula, to reach the purpose for improving LIBS measurements.
Description
Technical field
The technical process that LIBS (induced with laser) carries out stokehold measurement to constituent content in alloy is the present invention relates to the use of, it is special
It is not related to a kind of alloy sample surface steam that is directed to and improved method is measured to LIPS.
Background technology
LIPS technologies are by feat of its advantage in terms of real-time, non-contact detecting so that it in various detection occasions all
To being widely applied.Particularly in recent years, constantly the studying and improving to LIPS technologies with researcher so that LIPS technologies
It is more ripe, enable preferably to adapt to it is similar it is metallurgical wait some can not directly carry out contact measurement, but need again simultaneously into
The occasion that row is detected in real time.
Most of in traditional metallurgical detection method is all offline, and other minorities can be realized in the method detected in real time
The use of the price to equipment is relatively expensive again, is not particularly suited for the use of general metallurgical detection enterprise.LIPS by feat of
The price of its relative moderate and superior performance, the development to metallurgical detection industry generate very big facilitation, but
It is, because LIPS technologies are a kind of acoustooptical measuring in itself, therefore some the acoustooptical measuring generally existings of its own
Deficiency, in terms of these deficiencies are mainly manifested in the repeatability and detection limit of LIPS detections.In recent years, by domestic and international researcher
Unremitting effort, deficiencies of the LIPS in terms of repeatability and detection limit have been obtained for certain improvement, but grind at this stage
Study carefully personnel and be also merely resting on the research to LIPS theoretical sides, without situation about being likely encountered in actual applications to LIPS
Analyzed, and be directly applied to laboratory data among actual commercial measurement, this can cause LIPS measurement essence unavoidably
Degree is by large effect.
When applications of the LIPS in metallurgical detection, exist between actual measuring environment and laboratory environment it is larger not
Together, in addition to the factor in terms of alloy temperature change, the measurement that the steam that sample surface is produced in smelting process also can be to LIPS
Cause large effect.In actual metallurgical measurement, the influence that the steam of sample surface is measured LIPS is typically than larger
And be easy to be ignored, this will be such that LIPS exists in actually smelting between obtained experimental result and expected results
Larger difference.Researcher is after factor in terms of metallurgical live alloy temperature is changed is studied and is compensated, and LIPS is in reality
Measurement accuracy in the metallurgy measurement of border has obtained significantly improving, but still suffers from certain error, in order to further carry
Precision and availability of the high LIPS in actually measurement, the present invention have studied metal smelt process on the basis of forefathers study
The influence that the middle sample steam that just face is produced is measured LIPS.Then, by sample surface generation in alloy smelting process
The influence that steam is measured LIPS carries out research and inquirement, finds out mechanism therein, then attempts to come using suitable compensation method
The influence of metallic vapour in sample is eliminated, and finds out the compensation method for being best suitable for raising LIPS in metallurgical measurement accuracy.
The content of the invention
In the smelting process of alloy, if containing nonmetalloid in sample, with the rise of temperature, some are nonmetallic
Element will combine to form nonmetal oxide, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide etc. with the oxygen in air etc..But, due to
Nonmetalloid content is generally all very low in alloy, the nonmetallic gas flow that sample is produced in smelting process also than relatively low, and
And these nonmetallic gases are easy to diffusion.Therefore, the shadow that the nonmetallic gas produced during alloy smelting is measured LIBS
Sound is very limited, and measurement result will not be impacted substantially, so can often ignore nonmetallic gas in actual measurement
Influence of the body to measurement.
In addition, also can be containing the relatively low metallic element of some boiling points in many alloys, these metallic elements are in higher temperature
It can evaporate to form metallic vapour under degree, but the property of metallic vapour is totally different from nonmetallic gas.First, metallic element is being closed
Content in gold is generally higher, so the metallic vapour concentration that alloy is produced in smelting process will be significantly larger than nonmetallic gas
Body；Further, since the characteristic of metallic element itself, forming these metals after metallic vapour would generally be deposited in the form of molecular crystal
, and the particle of molecular crystal is generally than larger, it is impossible to spread as nonmetallic gas, and gather the table of alloy in smelting
Face, and many metallic crystals are included in the coating of alloy surface formation layer of metal steam, the coating, here it is
Metallic vapour described in us.
As a kind of spectrum detection technique, LIBS itself just has the deficiency of some spectrum detection technique generally existings, mainly
In terms of showing that repeatability and detection limit be not good.Find that air is to LIBS light paths and plasma by conventional research
The formation of spectrum can all cause obvious influence, and in order to solve the influence that air is measured LIBS, researcher would generally
LIBS measurements are carried out under inert gas or vacuum condition, and have obtained relatively good measurement effect.But by this method
When being applied in actual metallurgical measuring environment, LIBS measurement accuracy is not significantly improved.
Found by studying, in actual metallurgical detection, not only air can be impacted to LIBS measurement, be covered in
The metallic vapour of alloy surface can also be impacted to LIBS measurement.Metallic vapour is mainly made up of metallic molecule particle, its
Following two aspects are mainly reflected in the LIBS influences measured：
The is influence of the metallic vapour to spectral quality on one side, passes through our surveys to LIBS of analysis above
Amount principle has basic insight, it is known that the importance that spectral quality is measured LIBS.The sample table in the smelting process of alloy
Face can produce layer of metal steam, and these metallic vapours are made up of countless metallic molecule particles.In actual LIBS measurements,
The energy of laser can be absorbed by being covered in this layer of metallic vapour of alloy surface, when energy accumulation to a certain extent after, these metals
Particle will be excited to form plasma and launch spectrum, but these spectrum, which are not for we, expects the light to be measured
Spectrum, but the spectrum that the metallic element for constituting metallic vapour is launched, the generation of these spectrum can make to the spectrum that we need
The spectral quality being finally collected into interference, the system that has influence on, and have influence on LIBS measurement accuracy.
Metallic vapour is also embodied in another aspect to the LIBS influences measured, because metallic vapour is covered in smelting
The surface of alloy, wherein containing substantial amounts of metallic, during LIBS is measured, can inevitably be deposited on laser optical path
In some metallics, these metallics can not only weaken the energy of laser, also affect the propagation of spectrum.
LIBS is generally calibrated when carrying out data analysis using full spectral line or multiline scaling method, and both approaches are all
It is that the relative amount based on each element in sample is calibrated.And in actual metallurgical measurement, due to the presence of metallic vapour,
Making the relative spectral power of those easy evaporated metal elements is strengthened；Accordingly, the relative spectral for being difficult evaporating elements is strong
Degree is weakened.The spectral information that this will arrive LIBS systematic collections is no longer accurate, and then has influence on LIBS to element in alloy
The analysis result of content.
If solve metallic vapour during actual alloy smelting measures the problem of influenceing to LIBS, cannot be by problem
Research be only docked to theory stage, and need to be put into problem in actual experiment and studied.It is of the invention that we will pass through
The influence situation that metallic vapour during alloy smelting measure LIBS is studied in specific experiment, and is attempted by increase properly
Experimental facilities eliminate the influence that metallic vapour is measured LIBS.
Due to the particularity of alloy metallurgy environment, the metallic vapour for being attached to alloy surface is very difficult to remove.But want research
The influence that metallic vapour is measured LIBS, must just design a measuring environment influenceed without metallic vapour, to be followed by gold
The measuring environment for belonging to steam influence carries out Experimental comparison.Below we just will be around this core carry out experimental facilities selection and
The design of experimentation.After researching and analysing, the Experimental equipment finally determined is as shown in Figure 1；Fig. 1 with it is disclosed
LIBS measurement experiment figures are generally consistent, simply different at air chamber.In order to design one not by metallic vapour shadow
Loud LIBS measuring environments, the gas cavity segment of design of experiment adds an inert gas to blowing apparatus, and the device will be right
LIBS measurement points level is covered in the metallic vapour of alloy surface to blowing the inert gas after heating to dispel, and eventually arrives at and disappears
Except metallic vapour measures LIBS the purpose of influence.The gas used in Fig. 1 is connected to pneumatic control valve to blowing apparatus
On Ar gas tanks, Ar throughputs can be adjusted as requested for air pressure valve, and gas can also change as requested to blowing apparatus
The coverage of gas.The gas flow rate used in this experiment is 12m/s, and the coverage of gas is 4*4cm2。
In order to study the influence that metallic vapour is measured LIBS comprehensively, we select manganeisen as experiment sample, manganese
It is existing in ferroalloy to be easy to evaporate the manganese element to form metallic vapour, there is not evaporable ferro element again, can rise in an experiment
To good contrast effect.The manganeisen used in experiment is provided by cooperative enterprise, and seven groups of standard ferromanganese are have selected in experiment
Alloy sample is as experiment sample, and the content value of each element is as shown in table 1 in sample：
The content of each element in the ferromanganese sample alloy of table 1
In order to study the specific influence that metallic vapour is caused on LIBS measurements, We conducted following experiment.Experimental procedure
Substantially：First, according to Fig. 1 carry out equipment connection and light path adjust, then by intermediate frequency furnace alloy sample is heated with
The industrial smelting process of simulation, while being monitored in real time to sample temperature using wireless temperature detecting device, uses spectrometer etc.
Equipment is collected and surveyed in real time to the plasma spectrometry that sample is produced, the step of this with being tested before substantially one
Sample.In order to reach the effect of contrast, experiment will be carried out under two kinds of varying environments, then by contrasting the measurement under two kinds of environment
The influence situation that interpretation of result metallic vapour is measured LIBS.This experiment is made up of experiment 1 and experiment 2, experiment 1：In static state
LIBS metallurgical test experience is carried out in the environment of inert gas Ar gas, in order to eliminate the shadow that air is measured LIBS
Ring, realize the purpose for only having metallic vapour to measure LIBS influence.Experiment 2：It is uninterrupted to blowing inertia after heating in sample surface
Experiment is measured under conditions of gas Ar gas, it is therefore an objective to while excluding the influence that air and metallic vapour are measured LIBS.
LIBS measurement results under two kinds of experimental situations have been obtained by testing us above, and have analyzed metal steam accordingly
The influence situation that vapour is measured LIBS.In order to more intuitively illustrate influence situation of the metallic vapour to LIBS metallurgy measurements, this
Invention have chosen several representational elements of comparison in alloy sample and be analyzed, and pass through each spectral line to these elements
After wavelength is analyzed, several element spectral line wavelength of final choice include Mn II：279.52nm；Fe II：234.35nm；C
I：193.03nm；Si I：Among 251.61nm, these four elements, Mn elements are that the element for being also easy to produce metallic vapour is represented；Fe members
Element is that the element for being not likely to produce metallic vapour is represented；C element is that the element for being also easy to produce nonmetallic gas is represented；Si elements are to be difficult
The element for producing nonmetallic gas is represented.Experiment have chosen seven groups of samples and measures altogether, and selecting one of them to compare herein has
Representational spectrum comparison diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
Figure it is seen that four kinds of characteristic elements that we choose are under two kinds of experimental situations, the only spectrum of Mn elements
Intensity occurs in that than larger change the spectral intensity of its excess-three kind element does not change substantially.That is, metallic vapour
The measurement of easy evaporated metal is caused than large effect in the presence of meeting, and other elements are not resulted in then and significantly affected.Due to
The presence of metallic vapour, makes the spectral intensity of easy evaporated metal element in sample obtain than larger enhancing, and other elements light
The absolute intensity of spectrum does not change substantially, but relative intensity decreases.This just makes the measurement of easy evaporated metal constituent content
Value has strengthened, and the measured value relative reduction of other elements content, so as to influence measurement accuracy of the LIBS in metallurgical measurement.
For the influence that more in-depth study metallic vapour is measured LIBS, we can draw there is being gold by experiment
Belong to steam influence and without LIBS in the case of two kinds of metallic vapour influence to the measured value of each element content in sample, and according to tool
Influence of the experimental data of body to metallic vapour is analyzed.
Because the content of the P element in alloy sample and S elements is relatively low, and in smelting process two kinds of elements all without
Metallic vapour is produced, and the main object of the present invention is to study the influence that measures LIBS of metallic vapour, therefore here just no longer
Changes of contents to S elements and P element is analyzed.
The analyze data shown in table 2 to table 5 can be obtained by carrying out constituent content analysis to the spectrum obtained in experiment.
Wherein, the measured value of each element content in the sample that table 2 and table 3 are represented, and it is each element in sample that table 4 and table 5, which are represented,
Error amount between measured value and actual value.
The measured value of each element in alloy in the case of having metallic vapour influence of table 2
The measured value of each element in alloy in the case of being influenceed without metallic vapour of table 3
Error of the table 4 in alloy in the case of having metallic vapour influence between the measured value and actual value of each element
Error of the table 5 in alloy in the case of being influenceed without metallic vapour between the measured value and actual value of each element
From table 2 to 5 as can be seen that the presence of metallic vapour can be caused than larger to the measurement for being also easy to produce metallic vapour element
Influence, and the measurement to other elements has little to no effect.By taking Mn elements as an example, excluding what metallic vapour was measured LIBS
After influence, the measurement error of Mn elements is reduced to 0.36% from original 4.27%, the measurement accuracy of other three elements
A certain degree of raising is obtained.
In summary, the precision of LIBS metallurgy detections can be effectively improved by eliminating the influence of metallic vapour, to being also easy to produce gold
The measurement accuracy of category steam element can substantially improve 3% or so, and measurement error can reduce 10-20 times, to other elements
Measurement accuracy also improves.Therefore, the influence of metallic vapour is eliminated, LIBS is beneficial in metallurgical detection field
Using.
Blowing apparatus can effectively be disappeared it is known that increasing inert gas in smelting equipment by experimental analysis above
The influence measured except metallic vapour LIBS.But, in actual metallurgical production, only only a few is smelted environment and can passed through
Directly increase inert gas eliminates the influence that metallic vapour is measured LIBS to blowing apparatus, if it is desired to which real solution is actual metallurgical
The influence that metallic vapour is measured LIBS in production, must just find a kind of method that can be compensated by formula to eliminate metal
The influence of steam, and then improve applications of the LIBS in metallurgical detection.
It is known that due to during alloy smelting sample temperature it is very high, alloy surface can produce metallic vapour, and with
The yield of the rise metallic vapour of alloy temperature can also increase therewith.In actual metallurgical production process, direct measurement gold
It is unpractical to belong to the yield of steam, and needs another amount to weigh metal vapor amount, by analyzing and researching, I
Metal vapor pressure is have finally chosen to weigh metal vapor amount.
The present invention measures LIBS the main research process that compensates of influence for metallic vapour：First, research is closed
Sample temperature changes the influence to metal vapor pressure in golden smelting process, and metal vapor pressure is to the shadow of LIBS measurement accuracy
Ring.Then, sample temperature is incorporated among research, analyzes what sample temperature change was measured metallic vapour generation and LIBS
Influence.Finally, analysis result above is integrated, attempts to eliminate metal steam by increasing suitable sample temperature compensation
Influence of the vapour to LIBS measurement accuracy.
Under normal circumstances, it is believed that the empirical equation between metal vapor pressure and temperature is as shown in Equation 1：
Lg (P/kPa)=A × 103T-1+Blg T+C×10-3T+D (1)
Wherein, P is saturated vapor pressure of the material in temperature T, and A, B, C, D are respectively systematic parameter, can pass through reality
Experimental data calculate obtain.
By actual measurement it was found that metal vapor pressure is higher, the influence that metallic vapour is measured LIBS is also got over
Substantially.For evaporable metallic element, with increasing for metal vapor pressure, the corresponding spectral intensity of the element also can be with
Enhancing, and approximate inversely proportional exponential relationship between the two.In fact, this is easily explained, with the increasing of metal vapor pressure
By force, the metal particle concentrations in metallic vapour can also increase therewith, and its influence to LIBS spectrum can naturally also strengthen.In order to divide
Analysis is convenient, and still select the ferromanganese used above as experiment sample here, to the spectral intensity of Mn elements in alloy
Analyzed.
Obtained the spectral intensity of Mn elements corresponding to different metal vapour pressure by testing us, and draw out both it
Between corresponding relation figure it is as shown in Figure 3：
From figure 3, it can be seen that during alloy smelting metal vapor pressure P and Mn component spectrum intensity incrementss Δ I it
Between inversely proportional exponential relationship, relation between the two can represent with formula 2.
In formula, C1, C2, C3For systematic parameter, its value can be determined according to actual measuring environment.
Influence of the formula 2 by metallic vapour to LIBS measure spectrums is converted into influence of the sample temperature to LIBS spectrum, this
It is very valuable.Because metal vapor amount is difficult direct measurement during alloy smelting, want directly by metallic vapour
It is unpractical that amount is compensated to spectrum, and sample temperature then can in real time be measured by wireless temperature measuring apparatus,
So it is to be relatively easy to that spectrum, which is compensated, by sample temperature.
Therefore, for same alloy sample, when it is understood that during temperature residing for it, it is possible to draw this according to formula 2
At a temperature of metallic vapour to the enhancing amount of easy evaporated metal component spectrum intensity in sample, then can just be drawn according to formula 3
Accurate spectral intensity values.
In formula, ICWhat is represented is the spectral intensity of measurement, and what I was represented is actual spectral intensity.
Usefulness of the present invention：
The influence that the present invention describes the producing cause of metallic vapour first and it is detected to LIBS metallurgy, it is proposed that logical
Increase inert gas is crossed on blowing apparatus to eliminate the method for metallic vapour influence, and its feasibility is tested by testing
Card.
Then, the present invention points out to increase weak point of the gas to blowing apparatus in actual metallurgical measurement, and proposes profit
The method that metallic vapour influences is eliminated with temperature-compensating.Then, the present invention have found metallic vapour and conjunction by the derivation of formula
Relation between golden sample temperature, and derive the temperature-compensating formula for being compensated by sample temperature and eliminating metallic vapour influence.
Finally, the present invention by experimental verification the feasibility of the temperature-compensating formula in actual metallurgical detection, and refer to
Go out the temperature compensation and be beneficial to further genralrlization applications of the LIBS in metallurgical detection field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallurgical measurement figures of LIBS for eliminating metallic vapour influence；
Fig. 2 is the spectrum situation comparison diagram obtained under two kinds of experimental situations；
Fig. 3 is corresponding Mn component spectrums intensity map under different metal vapour pressure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One kind measures improved method for alloy sample surface steam to LIPS, by will be to LIBS measurement point levels
The metallic vapour of alloy surface is covered in blowing the inert gas after heating to dispel, to eliminate the influence of metallic vapour.
Embodiment 2
One kind measures improved method, the method compensated by formula, to disappear for alloy sample surface steam to LIPS
Except the influence of metallic vapour.
Described formula is：
In formula, IcWhat is represented is the spectral intensity of measurement, and what I was represented is actual spectral intensity；A, B, C are respectively system
Parameter, can be calculated by actual experimental data and obtained, C2、C3For systematic parameter, its value can be according to actual measuring environment
It is determined that.
In order to verify formula 3 eliminating metallic vapour to the feasibility in terms of the metallurgical measurement accuracy influences of LIBS, we are still
Experimental analysis is carried out by taking the manganese element in ferromanganese as an example, table 6 and the experiment number shown in table 7 can be obtained by testing us
According to.
The measured value of Mn constituent contents in alloy of the table 6 after increase temperature-compensating
Error in alloy of the table 7 after increase temperature-compensating between the measured value and actual value of Mn constituent contents
From table 6 and table 7 as can be seen that after suitable temperature-compensating is increased, LIBS in metallurgical process to being also easy to produce metal
The measurement accuracy of steam constituent content is greatly improved, and its measurement accuracy substantially improves 4% or so, and this exists for LIBS
The popularization of metallurgical fields of measurement is very favorable.
Claims (6)
1. one kind measures improved method for alloy sample surface steam to LIPS, it is characterised in that by eliminating metal steam
The influence of vapour, to reduce LIPS measurement errors.
2. improved method is measured to LIPS for alloy sample surface steam as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that logical
The metallic vapour of alloy surface will be covered in LIBS measurement points level to blowing the inert gas after heating to dispel by crossing, to disappear
Except the influence of metallic vapour.
3. improved method is measured to LIPS for alloy sample surface steam as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that logical
The method for crossing formula compensation, to eliminate the influence of metallic vapour.
4. improved method is measured to LIPS for alloy sample surface steam as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：Corresponding curve between the temperature change of ferroalloy sample and quantity of steam is made first, then by suitable
Compensation formula is compensated to the influence that metallic vapour is caused, to reach the purpose for improving LIBS measurements.
5. improved method is measured to LIPS for alloy sample surface steam as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that institute
The compensation formula stated is：
<mrow>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>C</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>C</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>B</mi>
</msup>
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<mi>e</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msup>
<mn>10</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msup>
<mn>10</mn>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
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<mi>C</mi>
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In formula, IcWhat is represented is the spectral intensity of measurement, and what I was represented is actual spectral intensity；A, B, C are respectively systematic parameter,
It can be calculated and obtained by actual experimental data, C2、C3For systematic parameter, its value can be determined according to actual measuring environment.
6. any one according to claim 1-5 measures improved method for alloy sample surface steam to LIPS,
It is characterized in that：Described alloy sample is manganeisen.
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