CN107328707B - A kind of test method and device of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component - Google Patents
A kind of test method and device of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides the test method and device of a kind of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component, it is characterized in that, being there is provided using multi-stage pipeline pump and high temperature and high pressure kettle has certain temperature, pressure and speed and recyclable corrosivity solid-liquid two phase flow, and solid-liquid two phase flow is allowed to wash away test elbow, in combination with electrochemical method, total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component during weight-loss method and cathode protection method test erosion corrosion, according to the relationship between total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component, determine each erosion/corrosion rate component, individually to understand fully corrosive medium, fluid flow characteristics, the key factors such as solid phase particles property provide technical basis to the mechanism of action and petroleum pipeline the material selection of erosion corrosion and optimization design.The present invention is suitable for Oil and Natural Gas Engineering technical field of research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Oil and Natural Gas Engineering technical field, including drilling engineering, adopt oil/gas engineering and ground
Gathering engineering, and in particular to a kind of test method and device of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component.
Background technique
Erosion corrosion refers to metal damage phenomenon caused by versus high motion between metal surface and corrosive fluids, is
Material is by mechanically and electrically chemical coefficient result.Erosion corrosion is a broad sense noun, and by medium difference, erosion corrosion can
It is divided into single-phase flow, two-phase flow, multiphase flow erosion corrosion etc., wherein solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion is in oil and gas drilling
The most universal in engineering, the especially erosion corrosion of the threeway of connection petroleum pipeline and elbow, corresponding research work is also most.
The influence of solid particle is mainly shown as micro-cutting and shock to material surface in solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion
Material surface causes to deform, and for liquid often with mordant medium, the influence of fluid properties is also complex.
Weiser et al. has studied cast iron using weight-loss method and grinds in sulfuric acid mortar and independent sulfuric acid corrosion and independent wet-milling material
Corrosion behavior under the conditions of damage, test result show: the erosion corrosion speed of material be it is pure corrosion and pure erosive wear speed it
9-35 times of sum, and Kim et al. has studied corrosion behavior of material under the conditions of erosion corrosion, discovery mill using electrochemical method
The mechanism of material makes corrosion rate increase the 2-4 order of magnitude.It can be seen that erosion corrosion reciprocation is to study its mechanism
Key point.
Research shows that: total rate Wt of material erosion corrosion is equal to pure corrosion weight loss rate Wc, pure washes away weight-loss ratio We and punching
The sum of brush Corrosion Interaction weight-loss ratio Wec three, wherein Wec includes washing away increased corrosion weight loss rate △ Wce and corrosion increasing
What is added washes away weight-loss ratio △ Wec, it may be assumed that Wt=Wc+We+Wec.
The method for testing erosion corrosion the mechanism of interaction effect state-of-the-art at present: it is measured under static Solid Free corrosive medium
Weight-loss ratio indicate Wc, We is represented using the weight-loss ratio that washes away that cathode protection technology measures, using electrochemical method (electrokinetic potential pole
Change curve) weight-loss ratio that measures in solid phase erosion corrosion medium represents Wc+ △ Wce, similarly, using being surveyed under erosion corrosion medium
The weight-loss ratio obtained represents Wt, and reciprocation weight-loss ratio Wec is finally calculated, washes away increased corrosion weight loss rate △ Wce and corruption
It loses and increased washes away weight-loss ratio △ Wec.However this method has the disadvantage that
(1) this method obtains corroding the increased weight-loss ratio △ Wec that washes away including that solid phase particles and corrosive medium two parts draw
The weight-loss ratio risen, equally, washing away increased corrosion weight loss rate △ Wce also includes caused by solid phase particles and fluid scouring two parts
Weight-loss ratio only considered the influence of fluid flow characteristics and corrosive medium characteristic to erosion corrosion, and not consider solid phase individually
Grain on erosion corrosion and its interactive influence, thus cannot correctly find influence erosion corrosion it is interactive it is crucial because
Element, and really understand fully the mechanism of interaction effect between washing away and corroding.
(2) by the Research Review to domestic and international solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion, due to washing away corruption to solid-liquid two phase flow
Erosion and Corrosion Interaction understand differently cause in erosion, and most of researchs are proposed different test macro and experimental machine, and
Different test methods is formd, but test the every weight-loss ratio of gained and reciprocation weight-loss ratio to have larger difference, tests number
According to comparativity is lacked, puzzlement is brought to follow-up study.
Therefore, the invention proposes the test method and device of a kind of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component, this method
Erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate total under high temperature and pressure solid-liquid two-phase flow erosion corrosion effect can accurately be measured
Component, and independent analysis corrosive medium (concentration, partial pressure, pH value, temperature of solution etc.), solid phase particles characterisitic parameter (impingement flow
Speed, erosion angle, content, shape, size etc.), fluid properties (speed, viscosity, specific gravity, Reynolds number, wall surface shear stress, turbulent flow
Intensity etc.) etc. key factors to washing away the affecting laws of corrosion behavior, be petroleum to understand fully erosion corrosion the mechanism of interaction effect
The selection of tube material, the optimization of technological parameter and the control of corrosion process improve important theoretical foundation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the test methods and device of a kind of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component, with solution
Total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component are difficult to the technology of Accurate Prediction under certainly high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion acts on
Problem, individually to understand fully the key factors such as corrosive medium, fluid flow characteristics, solid phase particles property to the effect machine of erosion corrosion
Reason and the selection of petroleum pipeline material and optimization design provide technical basis.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The invention proposes a kind of test methods of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component, it is characterized in that: using multistage
Pipeline pump and high temperature and high pressure kettle, which provide, has certain temperature, pressure and speed and recyclable corrosivity solid-liquid two phase flow, and allows
Solid-liquid two phase flow washes away test elbow, washes away corruption in combination with the test of electrochemical method, weight-loss method and cathode protection method
Total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component during erosion, according to total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion speed
Relationship between rate component determines each erosion/corrosion rate component, the test side of the high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component
Method the following steps are included:
Step 1: based on key factors such as corrosive medium, solid particle, fluid properties to the affecting laws of erosion corrosion,
The relationship under the effect of solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion between total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component has been determined:
Wtt=Wct+Wet (1)
Wct=Wcc+ △ Wfc+ △ Wsc (2)
Wfc=Wcc+ △ Wfc (3)
Wet=Wee+ △ Wse+ △ Wce (4)
Wse=Wee+ △ Wse (5)
Note: always erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component are equal to the ratio of weight-loss ratio and time.
In formula: Wtt is the total weight loss rate of erosion corrosion；Wct is total corrosion weight loss rate, and Wcc is pure corrosion weight loss rate, Wfc
For the corrosion weight loss rate of Solid Free flowing, △ Wsc is the increased corrosion weight loss rate of solid phase, and △ Wfc is to wash away increased corrosion to lose
Rate again；Wet is total erosion weight-loss ratio, and Wee is pure erosion weight-loss ratio, and Wse is solid-liquid two-phase erosion weight-loss ratio, and △ Wse is solid phase
Increased erosion weight-loss ratio, △ Wce corrode increased erosion weight-loss ratio.
Step 2: weight-loss method is used, measures total weight loss rate Wtt under the conditions of solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion；
Step 3: it uses electrochemical method (dynamic potential polarization curve), is measured under the conditions of solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion
Its corrosion current, so that total corrosion weight loss rate Wct be calculated；
Step 4: weight-loss method is used, pure corrosion weight loss rate Wcc is measured under Solid Free static corrosion medium；
Step 5: weight-loss method is used, Solid Free Flow Corrosion weight-loss ratio Wfc is measured under Solid Free erosion corrosion medium；
Step 6: it based on the Solid Free Flow Corrosion weight-loss ratio Wfc and pure corrosion weight loss rate Wcc measured, utilizes formula (3)
It can be calculated and wash away increased corrosion weight loss rate △ Wfc；
Step 7: based on the total corrosion weight loss rate Wct measured, pure corrosion weight loss rate Wcc, increased corrosion weight loss rate is washed away
The increased corrosion weight loss rate △ Wsc of solid phase is calculated using formula (2) in △ Wfc；
Step 8: it based on the total erosion corrosion weight-loss ratio Wtt and total corrosion weight loss rate Wct measured, is calculated using formula (1)
Obtain total erosion weight-loss ratio Wet；
Step 9: using electrochemical method, tests the dynamic potential polarization curve of Solid Free erosion corrosion medium, determines work
The corrosion potential of electrode；
Step 10: the corrosion potential determined based on step 9 is washed away using weight-loss method and cathode protection technology in Solid Free
The weight-loss ratio measured under corrosive medium, which represents, pure washes away weight-loss ratio Wee；
Step 11: using electrochemical method, tests the dynamic potential polarization curve of solid-liquid two-phase erosion corrosion medium, really
Determine the corrosion potential of working electrode；
Step 12: the corrosion potential determined based on step 11, using weight-loss method and cathode protection technology, in solid-liquid
The weight-loss ratio measured under two-phase erosion corrosion medium represents solid-liquid two-phase and washes away weight-loss ratio Wse；
Step 13: based on measure it is pure wash away weight-loss ratio Wee and solid-liquid two-phase washes away weight-loss ratio Wse, utilize formula
(5) it is calculated that solid phase is increased to wash away weight-loss ratio △ Wse；
Step 14: based on the total erosion weight-loss ratio Wet measured, pure wash away that weight-loss ratio Wee, solid phase are increased to wash away weightlessness
Rate △ Wes is calculated corrosion using formula (4) and increased washes away weight-loss ratio △ Wce.
To use the above method, the present invention provides a kind of test device of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component, mainly
Include: high temperature and high pressure kettle, pressure gauge, thermometer, multi-stage pipeline pump, first flange, special plug, test elbow, second flange,
Pipeline, ultrasonic flowmeter, thread head, working electrode, epoxy resin, right angle shoulder, screw thread.Wherein, high temperature and high pressure kettle and more
Grade pipeline pump is used to provide corrosivity solid-liquid two phase flow with certain temperature, pressure and speed and recyclable；Pressure gauge and temperature
Table is spent respectively at the pressure and temperature of monitoring high temperature and high pressure kettle, and ultrasonic flowmeter is for monitoring solid-liquid two phase flow in pipeline
Flow velocity；Test elbow is fixed on pipeline with first flange and second flange；Array distribution has special plug (ring on test elbow
90 degree are divided into), special plug is made of thread head, epoxy resin and working electrode, and thread head passes through screw thread and right angle platform
Shoulder connection and sealing test elbow, epoxy resin are used for seal operation electrode, prevent working electrode from causing with external metal contact
Short circuit, working electrode are petroleum pipeline material to be tested and are connected with electrochemical workstation that work together electrode and reference electrode
Electro-chemical test can be carried out to erosion corrosion with to electrode (three-electrode system).
Compared with existing test method and device, the invention has the following advantages that
(1) specific to explain that washing away the mechanism for promoting corrosion and corrosion promotes the mechanism washed away, and reacts Corrosion Interaction
To the essence of corrosion impact.
(2) different using method and device proposed by the present invention test, do not have to handling every time and test elbow, only with will be new
Working electrode is fixed on special joint with epoxy resin, simplifies the complexity of test process, reduces cost of testing system.
(3) corrosive medium, fluid flow characteristics and solid particle feature are more specifically obtained individually to erosion corrosion
Affecting laws.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the main view of test device schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view for testing elbow.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, the present invention will be described in detail.
The test method of a kind of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component, it is characterized in that: utilizing multi-stage pipeline pump 4
There is provided with high temperature and high pressure kettle 1 has certain temperature, pressure and speed and recyclable corrosivity solid-liquid two phase flow, and allows solid-liquid
Two phase flow washes away test elbow 7, tests erosion corrosion in combination with electrochemical method, weight-loss method and cathode protection method
Total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component in journey, according to total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate point
Relationship between amount determines each erosion/corrosion rate component, the test method packet of the high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component
Include following steps:
Step 1: based on key factors such as corrosive medium, solid particle, fluid properties to the affecting laws of erosion corrosion,
The relationship under the effect of solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion between total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component has been determined:
Wtt=Wct+Wet (1)
Wct=Wcc+ △ Wfc+ △ Wsc (2)
Wfc=Wcc+ △ Wfc (3)
Wet=Wee+ △ Wse+ △ Wce (4)
Wse=Wee+ △ Wse (5)
Note: always erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component are equal to the ratio of weight-loss ratio and time.
In formula: Wtt is the total weight loss rate of erosion corrosion；Wct is total corrosion weight loss rate, and Wcc is pure corrosion weight loss rate, Wfc
For the corrosion weight loss rate of Solid Free flowing, △ Wsc is the increased corrosion weight loss rate of solid phase, and △ Wfc is to wash away increased corrosion to lose
Rate again；Wet is total erosion weight-loss ratio, and Wee is pure erosion weight-loss ratio, and Wse is solid-liquid two-phase erosion weight-loss ratio, and △ Wse is solid phase
Increased erosion weight-loss ratio, △ Wce corrode increased erosion weight-loss ratio.
Step 2: weight-loss method is used, measures total weight loss rate Wtt under the conditions of solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion；
Step 3: it uses electrochemical method (dynamic potential polarization curve), is measured under the conditions of solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion
Its corrosion current, so that total corrosion weight loss rate Wct be calculated；
Step 4: weight-loss method is used, pure corrosion weight loss rate Wcc is measured under Solid Free static corrosion medium；
Step 5: weight-loss method is used, Solid Free Flow Corrosion weight-loss ratio Wfc is measured under Solid Free erosion corrosion medium；
Step 6: it based on the Solid Free Flow Corrosion weight-loss ratio Wfc and pure corrosion weight loss rate Wcc measured, utilizes formula (3)
It can be calculated and wash away increased corrosion weight loss rate △ Wfc；
Step 7: based on the total corrosion weight loss rate Wct measured, pure corrosion weight loss rate Wcc, increased corrosion weight loss rate is washed away
The increased corrosion weight loss rate △ Wsc of solid phase is calculated using formula (2) in △ Wfc；
Step 8: it based on the total erosion corrosion weight-loss ratio Wtt and total corrosion weight loss rate Wct measured, is calculated using formula (1)
Obtain total erosion weight-loss ratio Wet；
Step 9: using electrochemical method, tests the dynamic potential polarization curve of Solid Free erosion corrosion medium, determines work
The corrosion potential of electrode 12；
Step 10: the corrosion potential determined based on step 9 is washed away using weight-loss method and cathode protection technology in Solid Free
The weight-loss ratio measured under corrosive medium represents pure erosion weight-loss ratio Wee；
Step 11: using electrochemical method, tests the dynamic potential polarization curve of solid-liquid two-phase erosion corrosion medium, really
Determine the corrosion potential of working electrode 12；
Step 12: the corrosion potential determined based on step 11, using weight-loss method and cathode protection technology, in solid-liquid
The weight-loss ratio measured under two-phase erosion corrosion medium represents solid-liquid two-phase erosion weight-loss ratio Wse；
Step 13: based on the pure erosion weight-loss ratio Wee and solid-liquid two-phase erosion weight-loss ratio Wse measured, formula is utilized
(5) the increased erosion weight-loss ratio △ Wse of solid phase is calculated；
Step 14: weightless based on the increased erosion of total erosion weight-loss ratio Wet, pure erosion weight-loss ratio Wee, solid phase measured
The increased erosion weight-loss ratio △ Wce of corrosion is calculated using formula (4) in rate △ Wes.
To use the above method, the present invention provides a kind of test device of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component, mainly
It include: high temperature and high pressure kettle 1, pressure gauge 2, thermometer 3, multi-stage pipeline pump 4, first flange 5, special plug 6, test elbow 7, the
Two flanges 8, pipeline 9, ultrasonic flowmeter 10, thread head 11, working electrode 12, epoxy resin 13, right angle shoulder 14, screw thread
15.Wherein, high temperature and high pressure kettle 1 and multi-stage pipeline pump 4 are used to provide corrosion with certain temperature, pressure and speed and recyclable
Property solid-liquid two phase flow；The pressure and temperature of pressure gauge 2 and thermometer 3 respectively at monitoring high temperature and high pressure kettle 1, ultrasonic flowmeter
10 for monitoring the flow velocity of solid-liquid two phase flow in pipeline 9；It tests elbow 7 and is fixed on pipeline 9 with first flange 5 and second flange 8
On；Array distribution has special plug 6 (circumferentially spaced-apart is 90 degree) on test elbow 7, and special plug 6 is by thread head 11, work electricity
Pole 12 and epoxy resin 13 form, and thread head 11 passes through screw thread 15 and the connection of right angle shoulder 14 and sealing test elbow 7, asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin
Rouge 13 is used for seal operation electrode 12, prevents working electrode 12 and external metal contact from causing short circuit, and working electrode 12 is to be measured
The petroleum pipeline material of examination is simultaneously connected with electrochemical workstation, combines reference electrode and can be to washing away corruption to electrode (three-electrode system)
Erosion carries out electro-chemical test.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of test method of high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component, which is characterized in that the high temperature and pressure washes away corruption
Lose velocity component test method the following steps are included:
Step 1: total erosion corrosion rate and each erosion/corrosion rate component under the effect of solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion has been determined
Between relationship:
Wtt=Wct+Wet (1)
Wct=Wcc+ △ Wfc+ △ Wsc (2)
Wfc=Wcc+ △ Wfc (3)
Wet=Wee+ △ Wse+ △ Wce (4)
Wse=Wee+ △ Wse (5)
In formula: Wtt is the total weight loss rate of erosion corrosion；Wct is total corrosion weight loss rate, and Wcc is pure corrosion weight loss rate, and Wfc is nothing
The corrosion weight loss rate of solid phase flowing, △ Wsc are the increased corrosion weight loss rate of solid phase, and △ Wfc is to wash away increased corrosion weight loss rate；
Wet is total erosion weight-loss ratio, and Wee is pure erosion weight-loss ratio, and Wse is solid-liquid two-phase erosion weight-loss ratio, and △ Wse is solid phase increase
Erosion weight-loss ratio, △ Wce corrodes increased erosion weight-loss ratio；
Step 2: weight-loss method is used, measures total weight loss rate Wtt under the conditions of solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion；
Step 3: electrochemical method is used, its corrosion current is measured under the conditions of solid-liquid two-phase scouring corrosion, to calculate
Obtain total corrosion weight loss rate Wct；
Step 4: weight-loss method is used, pure corrosion weight loss rate Wcc is measured under Solid Free static corrosion medium；
Step 5: weight-loss method is used, Solid Free Flow Corrosion weight-loss ratio Wfc is measured under Solid Free erosion corrosion medium；
Step 6:, can be with using formula (3) based on the Solid Free Flow Corrosion weight-loss ratio Wfc and pure corrosion weight loss rate Wcc measured
It is calculated and washes away increased corrosion weight loss rate △ Wfc；
Step 7: based on the total corrosion weight loss rate Wct measured, pure corrosion weight loss rate Wcc, increased corrosion weight loss rate △ is washed away
The increased corrosion weight loss rate △ Wsc of solid phase is calculated using formula (2) in Wfc；
Step 8: it based on the total erosion corrosion weight-loss ratio Wtt and total corrosion weight loss rate Wct measured, is calculated using formula (1)
Total erosion weight-loss ratio Wet；
Step 9: using electrochemical method, tests the dynamic potential polarization curve of Solid Free erosion corrosion medium, determines working electrode
(12) corrosion potential；
Step 10: the corrosion potential determined based on step 9, using weight-loss method and cathode protection technology, in Solid Free erosion corrosion
The weight-loss ratio measured under medium represents pure erosion weight-loss ratio Wee；
Step 11: using electrochemical method, tests the dynamic potential polarization curve of solid-liquid two-phase erosion corrosion medium, determines work
Make the corrosion potential of electrode (12)；
Step 12: the corrosion potential determined based on step 11, using weight-loss method and cathode protection technology, in solid-liquid two-phase
The weight-loss ratio measured under erosion corrosion medium represents solid-liquid two-phase erosion weight-loss ratio Wse；
Step 13: it based on the pure erosion weight-loss ratio Wee and solid-liquid two-phase erosion weight-loss ratio Wse measured, is counted using formula (5)
Calculation obtains the increased erosion weight-loss ratio △ Wse of solid phase；
Step 14: based on the total erosion weight-loss ratio Wet, pure erosion weight-loss ratio Wee, the increased erosion weight-loss ratio △ of solid phase measured
The increased erosion weight-loss ratio △ Wce of corrosion is calculated using formula (4) in Wes.
2. a kind of test device of the high temperature and pressure erosion corrosion velocity component used for method described in claim 1, special
Sign is that device specifically includes that high temperature and high pressure kettle (1), pressure gauge (2), thermometer (3), multi-stage pipeline pump (4), special plug
(6), elbow (7), pipeline (9), ultrasonic flowmeter (10) are tested；Wherein, high temperature and high pressure kettle (1) and multi-stage pipeline pump (4) are used
There is certain temperature, pressure and speed and recyclable corrosivity solid-liquid two phase flow in providing；Pressure gauge (2) and thermometer (3)
It is respectively used to the pressure and temperature of monitoring high temperature and high pressure kettle (1), ultrasonic flowmeter (10) is for monitoring pipeline (9) interior solid-liquid
The flow velocity of two phase flow；Special plug (6) is made of thread head (11), working electrode (12) and epoxy resin (13), thread head
(11) by screw thread (15) and right angle shoulder (14) connection and sealing test elbow (7), epoxy resin (13) is for seal operation
Electrode (12), prevents working electrode (12) and external metal contact from causing short circuit, and working electrode (12) is petroleum pipeline to be tested
Material is simultaneously connected with electrochemical workstation, combines reference electrode and can carry out electrification to erosion corrosion to electrode (three-electrode system)
Learn test；Test elbow (7) is fixed on pipeline (9) with first flange (5) and second flange (8)；Test array on elbow (7)
Special plug (6) are distributed with.
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| CN109898088A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-18 | 常州大学 | A kind of easy-to-dismount buried pipeline cathodic protection potential and weightless inspection sheet devices |
| CN109946186B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2024-03-22 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司柳州局 | Scouring testing device for graphite-based flexible grounding body |
| CN113324865A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Liquid-solid two-phase flow pipeline erosion corrosion test device |
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| CN102336256A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-02-01 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Method for preventing corrosion and marine creature fouling on ship propeller |
| CN104215571A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2014-12-17 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for testing high-temperature and high-pressure corrosion rate of multi-phase medium |
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| CN102336256A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-02-01 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Method for preventing corrosion and marine creature fouling on ship propeller |
| CN104215571A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2014-12-17 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for testing high-temperature and high-pressure corrosion rate of multi-phase medium |
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