CN107328496A - A kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force - Google Patents

A kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force Download PDF

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CN107328496A
CN107328496A CN201710655757.8A CN201710655757A CN107328496A CN 107328496 A CN107328496 A CN 107328496A CN 201710655757 A CN201710655757 A CN 201710655757A CN 107328496 A CN107328496 A CN 107328496A
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rail
vertical motion
pinned
variable quantity
temperature
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CN107328496B (en
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冯青松
刘治业
汪玮
刘庆杰
雷晓燕
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East China Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/10Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of frequency of stressed vibrating elements, e.g. of stressed strings

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force, some acceleration transducers are arranged in the rail foot of adjacent sleeper spacing center by this method, for gathering the vertical motion acceleration signal produced when vertically tapping rail top of steel rail and the progress data processing of return data collecting device, the actual value f of rail vertical motion the first rank pinned pinned resonant frequencies is drawn after corresponding frequency response function and its curve is generated, resonant frequency actual value f is substituted into matched curve f=A*t+B corresponding to rail, calculate rail temperature variable quantity t, calculated finally according to rail temperature variable quantity t and obtain rail longitudinal temperature stress value.It is an advantage of the invention that this method is lossless detection method, detection process will not be impacted to the stability of track structure;The detection mode is the long term monitoring available for gapless track TEMPERATURE FORCE, during practical application, can regard Train induced load as driving source, it is to avoid artificial operation.

Description

A kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of transportation, and in particular to one kind is based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force Method.
Background technology
With high speed, the development of heavy haul railway, gapless track is eliminated the rail gap between gapless line by welding, reduces row Car by when wheel-rail impact act on, reduce the vibration of wheel-rail noise and track structure, extend track and train part Service life, improves train and passes through property and degree of passenger comfort.Based on these advantages, gapless track is wide in worldwide General promotion and application.Gapless track eliminates rail gap between rail so that rail is longitudinally keeping smooth continuous, but due to Sutureless Road rail can not freely stretch under variation of ambient temperature along longitudinal direction, and then can cause the huge temperature of rail inner accumulation should Power., can the poor place hair of or roadbed condition small in fastener resistance when summer rail temperature is raised to a certain extent with environment temperature Raw expansion rail track;When winter rail temperature is reduced to a certain extent with environment temperature, rail has the danger being pulled off.These problems The operation safety of train will be had a strong impact on.
Therefore, the detection of gapless track axially temperature stress is drawn for prevention track structure high temperature expansion rail track and low temperature rail It is disconnected, it is ensured that safe train operation is significant.Currently, for gapless track temperature detection mainly damage detection method and Partly damage detection method.Detection method is damaged during rail stress is measured, generally requires and blocks rail and by rail Stroke change obtains stress value.Partly damage detection method and be broadly divided into two categories below:
It is certain by making a call to two distances on zero stress rail that the first kind, which partly damages detection method,(Generally 24m)Mark Point, the distance change amount before and after being changed by measurement temperature between two mark points calculates the size for obtaining gapless track TEMPERATURE FORCE.
Equations of The Second Kind partly damages detection method, and such as vertical reinforcing method, then be to remove the steel in the range of certain length before detection Rail fastener, then applies certain load in the vertical direction of rail, rail in the vertical direction is produced certain displacement.By There is certain proportionate relationship between the displacement and rail internal temperature power, thus can calculate and obtain in seamless track steel rail The size of portion's TEMPERATURE FORCE.
Damage detection method and Equations of The Second Kind and partly damage detection method due to that can be caused brokenly to the stability of original track structure Bad, there is also certain security risk in detection process, and Equations of The Second Kind partly damages detection method and is only able to detect inside rail and deposits Tension, thus be not used widely at home.The first kind partly damages detection method and can protected in detection process The integrality and stability of track structure are held, therefore applies wider, but the testing result precision of this method is relatively low, it is necessary to artificial fixed point Timing detects that labor intensity is larger.In recent years, non-destructive testing technology is quickly grown, and some Non-Destructive Testing modes are also introduced into In the detection of seamless railroad TEMPERATURE FORCE, such as Barkhausen's method, supersonic guide-wave method and x-ray method etc..Such method is for inspection The stress distribution situation surveyed in the range of rail top layer or rail surface certain depth below effectively, and can not reflect whole rail Stress distribution situation on section.Meanwhile, such method is influenceed larger by rail oneself state, the existing defects inside rail When hindering such as rail head core, the accuracy of its testing result is not yet verified at present.
Thus, study a kind of accuracy of detection higher and not particularly important by the Non-Destructive Testing mode of rail itself affect.
The content of the invention
According to the deficiencies of the prior art described above, It is an object of the present invention to provide one kind is based on rail vertical motion characteristic Some acceleration transducers are arranged in the rail bottom of adjacent sleeper spacing center by the method for detecting rail longitudinal force, this method Portion, for gathering the vertical motion acceleration signal just given birth to when vertically tapping rail top of steel rail, so as to detect that calculating rail is indulged To the value of temperature stress.
The object of the invention is realized and completed by following technical scheme:
A kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force, it is characterised in that methods described includes following step Suddenly:
(1)It is distributed between rail foot at least three acceleration transducers of longitudinally spaced arrangement, every two groups of adjacent sleepers There is an acceleration transducer;
(2)According to the distance values between the type of the rail and the adjacent sleeper, select that corresponding " rail is vertical Vibration resonance frequency-rail temperature variable quantity " matched curve f=A*t+B, wherein, t represents the rail temperature variable quantity, unit For DEG C;Monomial coefficient A and constant term B are known empirical value, and unit is respectively Hz/ DEG C and Hz, can by the rail class Distance values between type and the adjacent sleeper are determined;
(3)Institute is vertically tapped being disposed with the position of the acceleration transducer and the sleeper supporting position using tapping thing Rail top of steel rail is stated, to produce vertical motion acceleration signal on the rail;
(4)The vertical motion acceleration signal is gathered by the acceleration transducer and software calculating processing is carried out, to obtain Corresponding frequency response function is obtained, and draws the curve of the frequency response function, so as to obtain the rank of rail vertical motion first The actual value f of pinned-pinned resonant frequencies;
(5)The actual value f of the first rank of the rail vertical motion pinned-pinned resonant frequencies measured is substituted into fitting bent In line f=A*t+B, so as to obtain the value of the rail temperature variable quantity t, institute is calculated according to the value of the rail temperature variable quantity t State the size of rail longitudinal temperature stress.
Each acceleration transducer is located at 1/2 spacing between the adjacent sleeper respectively.
When the type of the rail is 60kg/m, Monomial coefficient A and constant term B in the matched curve f=A*t+B Value according to the form below chosen:
It is according to the calculating formula that the value of the rail temperature variable quantity t calculates the rail longitudinal temperature stress σ:σ=Eαt;Its In, E is the modulus of elasticity of the rail;α is the linear expansion coefficient of the rail.
Each acceleration transducer is connected with a data acquisition equipment, and the data acquisition equipment is described to gather The vertical motion acceleration signal that acceleration transducer monitoring is obtained.
It is an advantage of the invention that(1)This method is lossless detection method, and detection process will not be to the stability of track structure Impact;The detection mode is the long term monitoring available for gapless track TEMPERATURE FORCE, can be by Train induced load during practical application It is used as driving source, it is to avoid artificial operation;(2)It is vertical using rail without rail fastening is unclamped after selection rail measuring point to be measured The first rank pinned-pinned resonant frequencies are vibrated as the index for assessing rail longitudinal temperature stress, and sensitivity can reach 0.098Hz/ DEG C, reliability is high, takes less, detects easy to operate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force method in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is under different sleeper spacing in the present invention, rail temperature variable quantity and the first rank of rail vertical motion pinned- Graph of a relation between the actual value f of pinned resonant frequencies.
Embodiment
The feature and other correlated characteristics of the present invention are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, with It is easy to the understanding of technical staff of the same trade:
Mark 1-5 is respectively in such as Fig. 1-2, figure:Sleeper 1, railway rail pad 2, rail fastening 3, rail 4, acceleration transducer 5, Sleeper spacing d.
Embodiment 1:As shown in Figure 1, 2, the present embodiment is specifically related to a kind of based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail The method of longitudinal force, specifically includes following steps:
(1)As shown in figure 1, each uniform intervals of sleeper 1 arrangement, sleeper spacing is d, and is disposed with one in the upper surface of each sleeper 1 Layer railway rail pad 2, the rail 4 of both sides is longitudinally located at the top of each sleeper 1, and is fixed through the snapping of rail fastening 3, constitutes nothing Suture road;
In longitudinally spaced several acceleration transducers 5 of installation in the bottom of side rail 4 of gapless track, acceleration transducer 5 Quantity should be at least 3 or more, each acceleration transducer 5 should be arranged on the medium position between adjacent sleeper 1, i.e. phase At 1/2 spaced position between adjacent sleeper 1, and 1 acceleration transducer 5 is only set between every group of adjacent sleeper 1, accelerated Degree sensor 5 is used for the vibration signal for gathering rail 4;
In addition, each acceleration transducer 5 is connected to data acquisition equipment through data line respectively(Not shown in figure), the data Collecting device can realize the concentrated collection and data processing to each Monitoring Data of acceleration transducer 5;
(2)As shown in figure 1, determining the type of rail 4, while measuring the spacing d between adjacent sleeper 1, pass through the type of rail 4 And suitable " rail vertical motion resonant frequency-rail temperature variable quantity " the matched curve f=A*t+B of sleeper spacing d selections, Wherein:T represents rail temperature variable quantity, unit for DEG C;Monomial coefficient A and constant term B is known empirical value, and A, B are by rail Lower support condition(Such as sleeper spacing, backing plate rigidity and Ballast rigidity)Determined with rail type, unit be respectively Hz/ DEG C and Hz, can be by acquisition of tabling look-up, such as shown in following table, it is assumed that when the quality under the unit length of rail 4 is 60kg/m, different sleepers During spacing d values, Monomial coefficient A and constant term B can be obtained by inquiring about following table;
(3)Being disposed with position at the position of acceleration transducer 5 and the supporting of sleeper 1 vertical percussion rail 4 is hammered into shape using power Rail top, so as to produce vertical motion acceleration signal on rail 4;
(4)Acceleration transducer 5 monitors corresponding vertical motion acceleration signal and is uploaded to data acquisition to set at span centre In standby, by the vertical motion acceleration signal collected, carry out software and calculate processing to obtain corresponding frequency response function, And the curve of frequency response function is drawn, so as to obtain the actual value f of rail vertical motion the first rank pinned-pinned resonant frequencies;
Frequency response function full name frequency response function, is the description to system under test (SUT) to input signal transmission characteristic in a frequency domain, category In common function in the art;Its calculating process is:First calculate excitationAuto-correlation function, then calculateWith ResponseCross-correlation function, it is right respectivelyAndMake Fourier transformation, obtainAuto-power spectrum AndWithCrosspower spectrum, remember that frequency response function is, thenMeet:
(5)By the actual value f of rail vertical motion the first rank pinned-pinned resonant frequencies measured bring into matched curve f= In A*t+B, so as to obtain rail temperature variable quantity t value, rail longitudinal temperature is calculated according to rail temperature variable quantity t value Stress σ size, calculating formula is:
σ=Eαt
Wherein, E is the modulus of elasticity of rail 4;α is the linear expansion coefficient of rail 4.
As shown in figure 1, the original substantially of the method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force in the present embodiment Manage and be:
For simply supported beam, when effect has axial stress in the end cross-sectional at its two ends, vibration of beam characteristic, such as resonant frequency It will change.Therefore, it can be obtained and two by the variation relation analyzed between axial temperature stress and beam resonant frequency The relevant empirical equation of person.In track Structure Vibration Characteristic Analysis, track structure is generally reduced to period discrete supporting Beam model.It therefore, it can detect that gapless track internal temperature should by the situation of change for measuring seamless track steel rail resonant frequency The size of power.According to correlation theory deriving analysis, the first rank pinned-pinned resonance frequencies of seamless track steel rail vertical motion Variation relation between rate and axially temperature stress is more obvious, and it is not influenceed by railway rail pad rigidity, Ballast rigidity substantially. The most easily known with pinned-pinned resonant frequencies especially in each rank resonant frequency of seamless track steel rail vertical motion simultaneously Not.Therefore, selection rail vertical motion pinned-pinned resonant frequencies are more suitable as Testing index.In 0 ~ 5000Hz In frequency range, seamless track steel rail co-exists in two pinned-pinned resonant frequencies, respectively 1080Hz and 4675Hz (For different track structures, the data slightly have difference).Because frequency is higher, get over not easy excitated by the way of hammering, therefore choosing With the pinned-pinned resonant frequencies of vertical motion low order(That is the first rank pinned-pinned resonant frequencies, 1080Hz)Most To be suitable.By theory analysis, the vertical motion resonant frequency is 5.13Hz/MN with the rate of change of axially temperature stress.In addition, by The vertical motion resonant frequency is had a certain impact in sleeper spacing, corresponding vertical motion resonance frequency under different sleeper spacing Matched curve between rate and rail temperature variable quantity is otherwise varied, therefore, sleeper spacing is entered in advance in detection process Row measurement, is indulged with calculating rail temperature variable quantity from suitable matched curve, and then calculating rail by rail temperature variable quantity To temperature stress.
Embodiment 2:As shown in Figure 1, 2, the present embodiment will substitute into actual engineering number on the basis of method in embodiment 1 It is specific as follows according to illustrating:
(1)In longitudinally spaced several acceleration transducers 5 of installation in the bottom of side rail 4 of gapless track, each acceleration Sensor 5 should be arranged at 1/2 spaced position between the medium position between adjacent sleeper 1, i.e., adjacent sleeper 1;
(2)As shown in figure 1, quality of the rail 4 under unit length is 60kg/m, measurement obtains sleeper spacing d for 0.60m, root Inquired about according to following table, so that it is determined that corresponding " rail vertical motion resonant frequency-rail temperature variable quantity " matched curve f=A*t + B=- 0.0978t+1079.8273, wherein:T represents rail temperature variable quantity, unit for DEG C;
(3)The rail top for tapping rail 4 is hammered at the position of acceleration transducer 5 into shape using power being disposed with, so as to be produced on rail 4 Vertical motion acceleration signal;
(4)Acceleration transducer 5 monitors corresponding vertical motion acceleration signal and is uploaded to data acquisition to set at span centre In standby, by the vertical motion acceleration signal collected, carry out software and calculate processing to obtain corresponding frequency response function, And the curve of frequency response function is drawn, so as to obtain the actual value f of rail vertical motion the first rank pinned-pinned resonant frequencies =1078Hz;
(5)The actual value f of rail vertical motion the first rank pinned-pinned resonant frequencies measured=1078Hz is substituted into and intended Close in curve f=- 0.0978t+1079.8273, so as to obtain rail temperature variable quantity t=18.7 DEG C, the i.e. temperature change of rail 4 Measure as more than 18.7 DEG C of stress free rail temperature;Now, rail rail stress is compression, according to rail temperature variable quantity t value, meter Calculate and obtain rail longitudinal temperature stress σ=2.48t=2.48*18.7=46.376MPa.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force, it is characterised in that methods described includes as follows Step:
(1)It is distributed between rail foot at least three acceleration transducers of longitudinally spaced arrangement, every two groups of adjacent sleepers There is an acceleration transducer;
(2)According to the distance values between the type of the rail and the adjacent sleeper, select that corresponding " rail is vertical Vibration resonance frequency-rail temperature variable quantity " matched curve f=A*t+B, wherein, t represents the rail temperature variable quantity, unit For DEG C;Monomial coefficient A and constant term B are known empirical value, and unit is respectively Hz/ DEG C and Hz, can by the rail class Distance values between type and the adjacent sleeper are determined;
(3)Institute is vertically tapped being disposed with the position of the acceleration transducer and the sleeper supporting position using tapping thing Rail top of steel rail is stated, to produce vertical motion acceleration signal on the rail;
(4)The vertical motion acceleration signal is gathered by the acceleration transducer and software calculating processing is carried out, to obtain Corresponding frequency response function is obtained, and draws the curve of the frequency response function, so as to obtain the rank of rail vertical motion first The actual value f of pinned-pinned resonant frequencies;
(5)The actual value f of the first rank of the rail vertical motion pinned-pinned resonant frequencies measured is substituted into fitting bent In line f=A*t+B, so as to obtain the value of the rail temperature variable quantity t, institute is calculated according to the value of the rail temperature variable quantity t State the size of rail longitudinal temperature stress.
2. a kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force according to claim 1, its feature It is that each acceleration transducer is located at 1/2 spacing between the adjacent sleeper respectively.
3. a kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force according to claim 1, its feature It is when the type of the rail is 60kg/m, Monomial coefficient A and constant term B value in the matched curve f=A*t+B According to the form below is chosen:
4. a kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force according to claim 1, its feature Be be according to the calculating formula that the value of the rail temperature variable quantity t calculates the rail longitudinal temperature stress σ:σ=Eαt;Its In, E is the modulus of elasticity of the rail;α is the linear expansion coefficient of the rail.
5. a kind of method based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection rail longitudinal force according to claim 1, its feature It is that each acceleration transducer is connected with a data acquisition equipment, the data acquisition equipment is to gather the acceleration Spend the vertical motion acceleration signal that Sensor monitoring is obtained.
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CN112781654A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-11 西南交通大学 Crack steel rail gap fault detection system
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CN108318125B (en) * 2018-01-26 2021-03-16 华东交通大学 Method for detecting ballast rigidity based on vertical vibration characteristic of steel rail
CN108318126A (en) * 2018-01-26 2018-07-24 华东交通大学 A method of based on rail vertical motion Characteristics Detection railway rail pad rigidity
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CN108318126B (en) * 2018-01-26 2021-06-04 华东交通大学 Method for detecting rigidity of rail lower base plate based on vertical vibration characteristic of steel rail
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CN110864836A (en) * 2019-11-15 2020-03-06 华东交通大学 Longitudinal force detection method based on steel rail
CN111855055A (en) * 2020-06-09 2020-10-30 华东交通大学 Method for detecting wheel rail force based on rail bottom displacement of steel rail
CN113051705A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-06-29 华东交通大学 Method for accurately predicting rail temperature of steel rail
CN113051705B (en) * 2020-12-24 2022-04-26 华东交通大学 Method for accurately predicting rail temperature of steel rail
CN112781654A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-11 西南交通大学 Crack steel rail gap fault detection system
CN112781654B (en) * 2020-12-31 2023-03-17 西南交通大学 Crack steel rail gap fault detection system

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