CN107328474B - A kind of high resolution spectral measuring system based on frequency comb - Google Patents
A kind of high resolution spectral measuring system based on frequency comb Download PDFInfo
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- CN107328474B CN107328474B CN201710362798.8A CN201710362798A CN107328474B CN 107328474 B CN107328474 B CN 107328474B CN 201710362798 A CN201710362798 A CN 201710362798A CN 107328474 B CN107328474 B CN 107328474B
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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Abstract
The high resolution spectral measuring system based on frequency comb that the invention discloses a kind of.The output end of this system laser is connect with the input terminal of frequency comb generator, radio frequency source is connect with frequency comb generator, programmable optical filter is connect with the output end of frequency comb generator, and the output end of programmable optical filter, the output end of measured signal light are connect with an input terminal of optical mixer unit respectively；The one balance photodetector of two-way output end connection of optical mixer unit, the another two-way output end of optical mixer unit connect another balance photodetector；The output end of two balance photodetectors is connect through a low-pass filter with data processing unit respectively；Measured signal spectrum is calculated according to the signal received in data processing unit.This system measurement stability on be significantly enhanced, almost all of spectral signal can not only be measured, and resolution ratio is higher, measuring speed faster.
Description
Technical field
The high resolution spectral measuring system based on frequency comb that the present invention relates to a kind of.
Background technique
The spectrometer of high frequency resolution is particularly important to light technology development with rapid changepl. never-ending changes and improvements.The light of high spectrum resolution capability
Spectrometry technology can make a variety of emerging technologies be benefited, such as identification, bio-pharmaceutical identification and the novel optical device of gas molecule
Performance test (such as integrated high q-factor micro-loop and microcavity).In astronomy, the spectral measurement of wide scope, high spectrum resolution capability
Technology can measure extremely low magnitude (10-10) Doppler frequency shift υE/ c, it is significant to the detection of terrestrial planet.Except this it
Outside, in the fields of measurement of fundamental physical quantities, the time jitter of physical quantity is for example monitored, the frequency spectrum of up to Hz rank resolution ratio is needed
Measuring technique, such as the 1S-2S energy level transition of hydrogen atom.
Current commercial spectral measurement scheme be Michelson's interferometer structure, resolution limitations in two relevant arms it
Between maximum optical path difference, therefore the volume of instrument is often larger, and the highest resolution that can reach is about in 0.01nm or so.
2012, Peking University and Pennsylvania State University were it is proposed that a kind of spectral measurement system (Nikhil
Mehta,Jingbiao Chen,Zhigang Zhang,and Zhiwen Liu,"Compressive multi-
Heterodyne optical spectroscopy, " Opt.Express, 20,28363-28372 (2012), the program use
Frequency comb carries out the heterodyne detection of spectrum, but scheme is only principles simulation, be only capable of measuring incoherent optical signal.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high scores based on frequency comb
Resolution spectral measurement system.Heterodyne detection mode proposed by the present invention based on frequency comb can be suitable for incoherent and relevant
The detection of light, detection process is more reliable, and the present invention is based on single frequency comb and the spectral measurement methods principles of optical mixer unit such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
Measured signal and frequency comb are mixed by the present invention using optical mixer unit, and measuring system is more stable and is able to detect non-
Relevant and coherent light signal, aforementioned schemes can only detect incoherent signal.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of high resolution spectral measuring system based on frequency comb, which is characterized in that generated including laser, frequency comb
At device, radio frequency source, programmable optical filter, optical mixer unit, two balance photodetectors, two low-pass filters and a data
Manage unit；The output end of the laser is connect with the input terminal of the frequency comb generator, the laser input for that will generate
The frequency comb generator；The radio frequency source is connect with the frequency comb generator, for driving the frequency comb generator to produce
A raw repetition angular frequency is equal to radio frequency source angular frequencymFrequency comb；The programmable optical filter and the frequency comb produce
The output end connection of raw device, the light comb for generating to the frequency comb generator are filtered the heterodyne inspection for realizing various combination
Survey local oscillator light；The output end of the programmable optical filter, measured signal light output end respectively with the optical mixer unit one
Input terminal connection；The two-way output end of the optical mixer unit connects a balance photodetector, the optical mixer unit it is another
Two-way output end connects another balance photodetector；The output end of the two balance photodetectors is respectively through described in one
Low-pass filter is connect with the data processing unit；Letter to be measured is calculated according to the signal received in the data processing unit
Number spectrum.
Further, the cutoff frequency ω of the low-pass filterLPFLess than ωm。
Further, the laser that the laser generates is single-frequency seed photo-signal.
Further, the data processing unit by the output signal of low-pass filter all the way multiplied by after imaginary number j with it is another
The output signal of road low-pass filter is added to obtain policy signal, then obtains letter to be measured according to the measuring signal and calculation matrix
Number spectrum.
Further, the output end of the frequency comb generator is through an EDFA amplifier and the programmable optical filter
Input terminal connection.
Further, the output end of the programmable optical filter one through a Polarization Controller and the optical mixer unit is defeated
Enter end connection.
Further, the frequency comb that the frequency comb generator generates is the frequency interval between 50, adjacent two
25GHz。
Compared with prior art, the positive effect of the present invention are as follows:
Measured signal and frequency comb are mixed by the present invention using optical mixer unit, have obtained substantially mentioning in measurement stability
It rises, moreover, the solution of the present invention can measure almost all of spectral signal, and former scheme can only measure noncoherent letter
Number, such as ase signal and sparse signal.Compared with commercial Michelson's interferometer scheme, resolution ratio is higher, measuring speed more
Fastly.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is systematic schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is effect contrast figure；
(a) Peking University and Pennsylvania State University it is proposed that spectral measurement system calculation matrix conditional number it is imitative
Very,
(b) the calculation matrix conditional number emulation of spectral measurement system proposed by the invention；
Fig. 3 is original frequency comb spectrogram；
Fig. 4 is narrow linewidth laser results of spectral measurements figure；
(a) full frequency band, (b) partial enlargement；
Fig. 5 is phase modulated signal results of spectral measurements figure；
(a) 0dBm modulation power full frequency band, (b) 0dBm modulation power partial enlargement,
(c) 20dBm modulation power full frequency band, (d) 20dBm modulation power partial enlargement；
Fig. 6 is phase modulated signal results of spectral measurements figure；
(a) full frequency band, (b) partial enlargement.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is explained in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Present system schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, wherein laser generate a single-frequency seed photo-signal, be input to optical frequency
It combs generator (Optical Frequency Comb Generator, abbreviation OFCG).OFCG is driven by the radio frequency source of an outside
It is dynamic, a repetition angular frequency is generated equal to radio frequency source angular frequencymFrequency comb.Pass through a programmable optical filter
Waveshaper can be filtered the OFCG light comb generated and realize that the heterodyne of various combination detects local oscillator light.By
The heterodyne that waveshaper is generated detects local oscillator light, is received with signal light to be measured by an optical mixer unit.Optical mixer unit
Output have four tunnels, be separately connected two balance photodetectors (the thinking output phase of optical mixer unit differs 0,90 ° respectively,
180 °, 270 °, wherein phase difference is 0 degree and the two-way of 180 degree meets a balance PD, and the two-way of 90 ° and 270 ° of difference connects one
Balance PD).Two paths of signals after photoelectric conversion passes through a low-pass filter LPF respectively.The cutoff frequency of low-pass filter
Rate is ωLPF, ωLPFIt is slightly smaller than ωm.Filtered signal is sampled by sampling board, and sampling plate card has two-way A/D, to
Calculate measured signal spectrum.
If a total of N root of light comb tooth that OFCG is generated, first angular frequency is ω0, repetition rate ωm.Frequency comb
Expression formula is as follows:
Wherein EcombIt is the output light field of frequency comb.I0(n) be n-th of comb teeth of frequency comb optical power.ωn=ω0+nωm
For the angular frequency of n-th of comb teeth.
Remember Es(ω) is the field distribution of signal light, Ps(ω) is the light rate spectrum density of signal light, and the two meets following formula:
The preceding two-way output of optical mixer unit is respectively Ecomb+EsAnd Ecomb-Es.Signal after balance detection are as follows:
Wherein Es(ω) is es(t) Fourier transformation, Ecomb(ω) is ecomb(t) Fourier transformation.After photodetection
Signal by cutoff frequency be ωLPFLow-pass filter, ωLPFIt is slightly smaller than ωm.Therefore, all frequencies are greater than ωm
Beat frequency ingredient can be ignored, become by the signal spectrum of LPF:
Wherein, Ω is the angular frequency of electric signal, and the frequency spectrum of electric signal is the Fourier transformation that M (Ω) is m (t).
The rear two-way output of optical mixer unit is respectively Ecomb+jEs and Ecomb-jEs.Signal after balance detection
Are as follows:
Two paths of signals, which is done a simple calculations, to be obtained
In order to solve the power spectrum of measured signal, needs to take multiple measurements to measured signal, measurement process can be written as
Following matrix form:
Mc[K×1]=F[K×N]Es[N×1] (7)
Wherein F[K×N]For the calculation matrix being made of the evolution of frequency comb power, Es[N×1]It is public under conditions of n times measure
The form of Es matrix of being write as in formula (6) obtains, Mc[K×1]The matrix form of Mc as in formula (6).Above formula the result shows that,
It is organized between unknown number to be measured, known calculation matrix and measurement result linear.In principle, it can equally pass through matrix inversion
Operation obtains the solution of unknown number.
The optimization of calculation matrix pathosis
For linear matrix operation, the pathosis for measuring calculation matrix is significant.When calculation matrix have it is small inclined
When poor, if solving obtained signal and original signal variation very greatly, claim calculation matrix be it is ill, it is on the contrary referred to as stable or
Benign.
The Degree of Ill Condition of measuring system is usually measured with conditional number.The conditional number of matrix is defined as follows:
condP(A)=| | A | |P·||A-1||P (8)
Wherein | | A | |PIt is the P norm of matrix A.The conditional number of matrix is bigger, then matrix is more ill, and solution is more unstable.
Fig. 2 (a) be Peking University and Pennsylvania State University it is proposed that spectral measurement system (Nikhil
Mehta,Jingbiao Chen,Zhigang Zhang,and Zhiwen Liu,"Compressive multi-
Heterodyne optical spectroscopy, " Opt.Express, 20,28363-28372 (2012)) calculation matrix
Conditional number emulation.The program carries out heterodyne detection using 2 × 2 photo-couplers and a balance PD.It include 50 in frequency comb
Root comb teeth.Ordinate is the logarithmic coordinates of conditional number, and abscissa is pendulous frequency.When pendulous frequency is less than 50 times, due to square
Rank of matrix is less than unknown number number, therefore conditional number is 1017The order of magnitude is a very ill situation.Even if pendulous frequency
Greater than 50, the conditional number of matrix is directly still unable to get the solution of accurate stable still 1000 or more to linear system solution.
Fig. 2 (b) is the calculation matrix conditional number emulation of spectral measurement system proposed by the invention.Equally set in frequency comb
Include 50 comb teeth.Ordinate is the logarithmic coordinates of conditional number, and abscissa is pendulous frequency.When pendulous frequency is less than 50 times,
Conditional number is 102The order of magnitude is a benign situation.
From the point of view of comparison, spectral measurement system proposed by the present invention is significantly enhanced, not only in measurement stability
In this way, the solution of the present invention can measure almost all of spectral signal, and former scheme can only measure noncoherent signal, such as
Ase signal and sparse signal.
Experimental result
The present invention chooses 50 light comb teeth as heterodyne local oscillator light.For the frequency comb of generation after EDFA amplifies, input can
Program optical filter waveshaper.Waveshaper is controlled by computer, generates known random spectrum combination of shapes.
The output signal of Waveshaper inputs an input terminal of optical mixer unit after Polarization Controller.Measured signal light input
Second input terminal of optical mixer unit.Four outputs of frequency mixer carry out photoelectric conversion with two balance photodetectors respectively,
It is sampled after low-pass filter by sampling oscilloscope digital storage oscilloscope (abbreviation DSO).After sampling
Signal export to computer carry out numerical value calculating.
Frequency comb has 50 altogether, the frequency interval 25GHz between every, thus the coverage area of frequency comb be 49 ×
25GHz=1.225THz.According to analysis before, experiment needs sample rate to be greater than 50G, in the selectively limited condition of equipment
Under, the sample rate of actual use is 80G.DSO each sampling number is 16000 points, according to above-mentioned analysis spectrum resolution ratio
For 80G/16000=5MHz.
Fig. 3 shows original frequency comb spectrogram.50 light comb teeth altogether cover the spectrum of 1.225THz.
The present invention has chosen narrow linewidth laser, phase modulated signal and ASE noise signal to the high-resolution of the system
Ability is verified, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6.In an experiment, the technological means of present invention compressed sensing will theoretically
50 times or more measurement numbers require to reduce to 25 times.Time of measuring is greatly reduced.Time of measuring is limited to waveshaper's
10Hz refresh rate, the complete measure theory time is about 2.5s.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of high resolution spectral measuring system based on frequency comb, which is characterized in that generated including laser, frequency comb
At device, radio frequency source, programmable optical filter, optical mixer unit, two balance photodetectors, two low-pass filters and a data
Manage unit；The output end of the laser is connect with the input terminal of the frequency comb generator, the laser input for that will generate
The frequency comb generator；The radio frequency source is connect with the frequency comb generator, for driving the frequency comb generator to produce
A raw repetition angular frequency is equal to radio frequency source angular frequencymFrequency comb；The programmable optical filter and the frequency comb produce
The output end connection of raw device, the frequency comb for generating to the frequency comb generator are filtered the heterodyne for realizing various combination
Detect local oscillator light；The output end of the programmable optical filter, measured signal light output end respectively with the optical mixer unit
The connection of one input terminal；The two-way output end of the optical mixer unit connects a balance photodetector, the optical mixer unit
Another two-way output end connects another balance photodetector；The output end of the two balance photodetectors is respectively through an institute
Low-pass filter is stated to connect with the data processing unit；The data processing unit is calculated to be measured according to the signal received
Signal spectrum.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the cutoff frequency ω of the low-pass filterLPFLess than ωm。
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser that the laser generates is single-frequency seed photo-signal.
4. the system as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the data processing unit will low-pass filter all the way
Output signal multiplied by being added to obtain measuring signal with the output signal of another way low-pass filter after imaginary number j, then according to should
Measuring signal and calculation matrix obtain measured signal spectrum.
5. the system as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the output end of the frequency comb generator is through an EDFA
Amplifier is connect with the input terminal of the programmable optical filter.
6. the system as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the output end of the programmable optical filter is inclined through one
Vibration controller is connect with an input terminal of the optical mixer unit.
7. the system as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the frequency comb that the frequency comb generator generates is 50
Root, the frequency interval 25GHz between adjacent two.
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| CN108847889B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-09-04 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | High-reliability space optical network communication terminal and method based on optical comb detection |
| CN110967167A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-04-07 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Micro-cavity optical frequency comb repetition frequency stability test system and test method |
| CN110927092B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-01-19 | 清华大学 | Double-electromagnetic-frequency comb type mid-infrared spectrometer |
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