CN107315684A - A kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block - Google Patents
A kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block Download PDFInfo
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
- G06F11/3668—Software testing
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- G06F11/3684—Test management for test design, e.g. generating new test cases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
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Abstract
The invention belongs to software reliability field, and in particular to a kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block.A kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block, comprises the following steps：(1) controlling stream graph is built；(2) the defect coefficient matrix of basic block is set up using the basic block instruction number of tested software；(3) the potential number of defects of basic block is assessed；(4) the defect exposure coefficient of basic block is assessed；(5) reliability of basic block is assessed；(6) contribution degree of the basic block to operation profile is assessed；(7) migration probability between basic block is assessed under operation profile；(8) abatement controlling stream graph is equivalence control stream tree；(9) reliability of the tested software in given operation profile is calculated；(10) reliability of root node substitute node is reliability of the tested software on operation profile, terminates this time to run.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to software reliability field, and in particular to a kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block.
Background technology
Software reliability is one of important quality attribute of software, for the system of safety-critical, software it is reliable
Property require it is high, usually require that software failure rate be less than 10-7Below.But, current software reliability estimation method is difficult to full
The such high reliability assessment requirement of foot.There is low, effective assessment data deficiencies of Evaluation accuracy etc. and ask in current software reliability
Topic, is mainly reflected in following several respects：
A) maturation method that hardware reliability can not be used to assess
Software defect is all design defect, and the fatigue characteristic without similar hardware, the related fatigue of hardware reliability is commented
The method of estimating is not used to carry out the reliability of software and assessed；
B) method based on Black-box Testing can not meet requirement
The failure behaviour of software is often closely related with specific software function and demand, it is difficult to a kind of unification, unanimously
Method represent.Their signs in the process of running are different, from generating substantial amounts of software reliability model, such as Musa
The dozens of models such as model, Jelinski-Moranda models, Goel-Okumoto models, NHPP models.Every kind of model considers
The feature in a certain respect of software reliability, it tends to be difficult to which the reliability to software is comprehensively assessed.Most models all will
Software regards a black box as, by carrying out Black-box Testing to software, using the trend of test failure data come assessment reliability.This
The difficult point that a little methods face is that assessment result precision is relatively low, and assessing needs to gather the test data largely with statistical significance,
Test job amount is huge.
C) method based on framework faces data acquisition difficult problem
Researcher has found that the framework of software has strong influence to the reliability of software.It is recommended that passing through whitepack mode pair
Software reliability carries out analysis and evaluation.Propose respectively with discrete time Markov Chain (DTMC) and continuous time Markov
The appraisal procedure of the software-oriented structure of chain (CTMC).These methods are in order to simplify assessment difficulty, often using the side of coarseness
Formula is split to software, it is intended to is carried out using software architecture relation and assessed.But each software part itself be also can be by
See an independent software as, how its reliability is assessed, how the interaction reliability between software is assessed to overall soft
Part reliability has considerable influence, is difficult with which results in this kind of method.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In order to support the software to Safety-Critical System to carry out accurate and effective assessment, software reliability is solved
The problem of the several respects such as the data acquisition difficult, testing cost is too high, the assessment validity that are faced in evaluation process, the present invention is disclosed
A kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block.
Technical scheme：A kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block, comprises the following steps：
(1) controlling stream graph is built
Using the controlling stream graph of binary code analysis software building tested software, controlling stream graph representation is a control
System stream Matrix C FG=N × N=[tij], controlling stream Matrix C FG row and column is all basic block, if from i-th of basic block biArrive
J-th of basic block bjThere is a control transfer, then tij=1；Otherwise tij=0；N represents tested soft in controlling stream Matrix C FG
The quantity of the basic block of part；
(2) the defect coefficient matrix FN=[f of basic block are set up using the basic block instruction number of tested softwarei](0≤i≤
N), wherein fiRepresent basic block biIndex comprising defect
Wherein：
LiRepresent basic block biComprising instruction strip number, and 1≤i≤N；
(3) the potential number of defects of basic block is assessed
The latent defect number of each basic block is assessed, defect distribution matrix F C=[fc are constitutedi], latent defect number fciMeter
Calculate formula as follows：
Wherein：
E represents the latent defect sum of software；
fkRepresent basic block bkDefect index；
I is basic block number, 1≤i≤N；
K is basic block number；1≤k≤N；
(4) the defect exposure coefficient of basic block is assessed
Tested using one group of test case set pair tested software, catch the number of run bc of each basic blocki, then
Assess the defect hiding Probability p ff of each basic blockiFor：
If (a) basic block b in test processiDo not fail, then
If (b) basic block b in test processiThe number of times failed is eci, then
If (c) basic block biIt was not performed, i.e. bci=0, then bc is seti=1；
(5) reliability of basic block is assessed
Basic block b is calculated using defect exposure coefficientiReliability pi, its calculation formula is as follows：
pi=1-pffi
(6) contribution degree of the basic block to operation profile is assessed
Given operation profile, generates the test case matched with operation profile, then gathers the basic block b of operation profilei
Execution number of times beThen the contribution degree cd of each basic block is evaluatedi
(7) migration probability between basic block is assessed under operation profile
Using controlling stream Matrix C FG as guidance, the system of linear equations constituted using following constraints, withFor parameter, ask
Solution draws the migration probability between basic block；
Matrix the i-th row sum of controlling stream graphRepresent basic block biExecution number of times；
The matrix jth row sum of controlling stream graphRepresent basic block bjExecution number of times；
For basic block biWith basic block bjBetween migration probability pijFor：
Wherein：
nijRepresent from basic block biWith basic block bjThe number of times redirected；
N (i) represents basic block biExecution number of times；
(8) abatement controlling stream graph is equivalence control stream tree
From the basic BOB(beginning of block) of entrance, each basic block is traveled through, eliminates and is circulated present in controlling stream graph, obtain one and about solve
Controlling stream tree, the controlling stream tree is binary tree, and several node is the reliability of basic block；The side of tree is represented from one
Migration probability of the node to child node；
(9) reliability of the tested software in given operation profile is calculated
Recall since the leaf node of controlling stream tree, guidance traces back to root node, and retrogressive method is as follows：
(91) for node a and node b, their reliability is respectively raAnd rb, their father node is c, and reliability is
rc, the probability from node c to node a, node b is respectively pcaAnd pcb, then create a new node c1, node c1It is reliable
Property is：
Subsequently into step (92)；
(92) deletion of node a, node b and node c, by node c1It is used as a leaf node of c father nodes；
(93) repeat step (91) and (92), the reliability until calculating root node substitute node, subsequently into step
(10)；
(10) reliability of root node substitute node is reliability of the tested software on operation profile, terminates this time to transport
OK.
Further, the binary code component software in step (1) is that after being compiled by software compiler, can count
Any executable software run on calculation machine, all instructions that all software kits contain can be gone out using disassemblers with dis-assembling,
And find out the basic block that software is included.
Further, the control transfer in step (1) includes various conditions or definitely redirected or order execution.
Further, the latent defect sum of software is obtained by defect concentration method in step (3), if software is new
Software is developed, defect concentration is 15/KoL, if software is ripe software, defect concentration is 4/KoL.
Further, leaf node refers to the basecoat node of controlling stream tree in step (92).
Beneficial effect：A kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block disclosed by the invention has following beneficial effect
Really：
A) fundamental based on this program of basic block, it is considered as the gene for software, basic block logical construction
Simply, its reliability assessment is easier and accurately；
B) basic block to perform number of times, the migration number of times quantity between basic block larger, can be with therefore with statistical significance
Support the reliability assessment to software, it is to avoid confidence level difference problem caused by data volume is very few during reliability assessment.
Embodiment：
The embodiment to the present invention is described in detail below.
A kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block, comprises the following steps：
(1) controlling stream graph is built
Using the controlling stream graph of binary code analysis software building tested software, controlling stream graph representation is a control
System stream Matrix C FG=N × N=[tij], controlling stream Matrix C FG row and column is all basic block, if from i-th of basic block biArrive
J-th of basic block bjThere is a control transfer, then tij=1；Otherwise tij=0；N represents tested soft in controlling stream Matrix C FG
The quantity of the basic block of part；
(2) the defect coefficient matrix FN=[f of basic block are set up using the basic block instruction number of tested softwarei](0≤i≤
N), wherein fiRepresent basic block biIndex comprising defect
Wherein：
LiRepresent basic block biComprising instruction strip number, and 1≤i≤N；
(3) the potential number of defects of basic block is assessed
The latent defect number of each basic block is assessed, defect distribution matrix F C=[fc are constitutedi], latent defect number fciMeter
Calculate formula as follows：
Wherein：
E represents the latent defect sum of software；
fkRepresent basic block bkDefect index；
I is basic block number, 1≤i≤N；
K is basic block number；1≤k≤N；
(4) the defect exposure coefficient of basic block is assessed
Tested using one group of test case set pair tested software, catch the number of run bc of each basic blocki, then
Assess the defect hiding Probability p ff of each basic blockiFor：
If (a) basic block b in test processiDo not fail, then
If (b) basic block b in test processiThe number of times failed is eci, then
If (c) basic block biIt was not performed, i.e. bci=0, then bc is seti=1；
(5) reliability of basic block is assessed
Basic block b is calculated using defect exposure coefficientiReliability pi, its calculation formula is as follows：
pi=1-pffi
(6) contribution degree of the basic block to operation profile is assessed
Given operation profile, generates the test case matched with operation profile, then gathers the basic block b of operation profilei
Execution number of times beThen the contribution degree cd of each basic block is evaluatedi
(7) migration probability between basic block is assessed under operation profile
Using controlling stream Matrix C FG as guidance, the system of linear equations constituted using following constraints, withFor parameter, ask
Solution draws the migration probability between basic block；
Matrix the i-th row sum of controlling stream graphRepresent basic block biExecution number of times；
The matrix jth row sum of controlling stream graphRepresent basic block bjExecution number of times；
For basic block biWith basic block bjBetween migration probability pijFor：
Wherein：
nijRepresent from basic block biWith basic block bjThe number of times redirected；
N (i) represents basic block biExecution number of times；
(8) abatement controlling stream graph is equivalence control stream tree
From the basic BOB(beginning of block) of entrance, each basic block is traveled through, eliminates and is circulated present in controlling stream graph, obtain one and about solve
Controlling stream tree, the controlling stream tree is binary tree, and several node is the reliability of basic block；The side of tree is represented from one
Migration probability of the node to child node；
(9) reliability of the tested software in given operation profile is calculated
Recall since the leaf node of controlling stream tree, guidance traces back to root node, and retrogressive method is as follows：
(91) for node a and node b, their reliability is respectively raAnd rb, their father node is c, and reliability is
rc, the probability from node c to node a, node b is respectively pcaAnd pcb, then create a new node c1, node c1It is reliable
Property is：
Subsequently into step (92)；
(92) deletion of node a, node b and node c, by node c1It is used as a leaf node of c father nodes；
(93) repeat step (91) and (92), the reliability until calculating root node substitute node, subsequently into step
(10)；
(10) reliability of root node substitute node is reliability of the tested software on operation profile, terminates this time to transport
OK.
Further, the binary code component software in step (1) is that after being compiled by software compiler, can count
Any executable software run on calculation machine, all instructions that all software kits contain can be gone out using disassemblers with dis-assembling,
And find out the basic block that software is included.
Further, the control transfer in step (1) includes various conditions or definitely redirected or order execution.
Further, the latent defect sum of software is obtained by defect concentration method in step (3), if software is new
Software is developed, defect concentration is 15/KoL, if software is ripe software, defect concentration is 4/KoL.
Further, leaf node refers to the basecoat node of controlling stream tree in step (92).
Embodiments of the present invention are elaborated above.But the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment,
In the knowledge that art those of ordinary skill possesses, it can also be done on the premise of present inventive concept is not departed from
Go out various change.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) controlling stream graph is built
Using the controlling stream graph of binary code analysis software building tested software, controlling stream graph representation is a controlling stream
Matrix C FG=N × N=[tij], controlling stream Matrix C FG row and column is all basic block, if from i-th of basic block biTo jth
Individual basic block bjThere is a control transfer, then tij=1；Otherwise tij=0；N represents tested software in controlling stream Matrix C FG
The quantity of basic block；
(2) the defect coefficient matrix FN=[f of basic block are set up using the basic block instruction number of tested softwarei] (0≤i≤N), its
Middle fiRepresent basic block biIndex comprising defect
Wherein：
LiRepresent basic block biComprising instruction strip number, and 1≤i≤N；
(3) the potential number of defects of basic block is assessed
The latent defect number of each basic block is assessed, defect distribution matrix F C=[fc are constitutedi], latent defect number fciCalculating it is public
Formula is as follows：
Wherein：
E represents the latent defect sum of software；
fkRepresent basic block bkDefect index；
I is basic block number, 1≤i≤N；
K is basic block number；1≤k≤N；
(4) the defect exposure coefficient of basic block is assessed
Tested using one group of test case set pair tested software, catch the number of run bc of each basic blocki, then assess
The defect hiding Probability p ff of each basic blockiFor：
If (a) basic block b in test processiDo not fail, then
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If (b) basic block b in test processiThe number of times failed is eci, then
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If (c) basic block biIt was not performed, i.e. bci=0, then bc is seti=1；
(5) reliability of basic block is assessed
Basic block b is calculated using defect exposure coefficientiReliability pi, its calculation formula is as follows：
pi=1-pffi
(6) contribution degree of the basic block to operation profile is assessed
Given operation profile, generates the test case matched with operation profile, then gathers the basic block b of operation profileiExecution
Number of times isThen the contribution degree cd of each basic block is evaluatedi
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(7) migration probability between basic block is assessed under operation profile
Using controlling stream Matrix C FG as guidance, the system of linear equations constituted using following constraints, withFor parameter, solve
The migration probability gone out between basic block；
Matrix the i-th row sum of controlling stream graphRepresent basic block biExecution number of times；
The matrix jth row sum of controlling stream graphRepresent basic block bjExecution number of times；
For basic block biWith basic block bjBetween migration probability pijFor：
Wherein：
nijRepresent from basic block biWith basic block bjThe number of times redirected；
N (i) represents basic block biExecution number of times；
(8) abatement controlling stream graph is equivalence control stream tree
From the basic BOB(beginning of block) of entrance, each basic block is traveled through, eliminates and is circulated present in controlling stream graph, obtain a control about solved
System stream tree, the controlling stream tree is binary tree, and several nodes is the reliability of basic block；The side of tree is represented from a node
To the migration probability of child node；
(9) reliability of the tested software in given operation profile is calculated
Recall since the leaf node of controlling stream tree, guidance traces back to root node, and retrogressive method is as follows：
(91) for node a and node b, their reliability is respectively raAnd rb, their father node is c, and reliability is rc,
Probability from node c to node a, node b is respectively pcaAnd pcb, then create a new node c1, node c1Reliability
For：
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Subsequently into step (92)；
(92) deletion of node a, node b and node c, by node c1It is used as a leaf node of c father nodes；
(93) repeat step (91) and (92), the reliability until calculating root node substitute node, subsequently into step (10)；
(10) reliability of root node substitute node is reliability of the tested software on operation profile, terminates this time to run.
2. a kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
(1) binary code component software in any is held for what after being compiled by software compiler, can be run on computers
Row software, can go out all instructions that all software kits contain, and find out the base that software is included using disassemblers with dis-assembling
This block.
3. a kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
(1) the control transfer in includes various conditions or definitely redirected or order execution.
4. a kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
(3) the latent defect sum of software is obtained by defect concentration method in, if software is software newly developed, defect concentration is
15/KoL, if software is ripe software, defect concentration is 4/KoL.
5. a kind of software reliability estimation method based on basic block according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
(92) leaf node refers to the basecoat node of controlling stream tree in.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115203059A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-10-18 | 中国西安卫星测控中心 | Method and system for evaluating reliability of aerospace measurement and control software |
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| US20070174750A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-26 | Edson Borin | Apparatus and method for software-based control flow checking for soft error detection to improve microprocessor reliability |
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| US20070174750A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-26 | Edson Borin | Apparatus and method for software-based control flow checking for soft error detection to improve microprocessor reliability |
| CN102393832A (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2012-03-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Component software reliability analysis method based on improved additive model |
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| CN115203059A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-10-18 | 中国西安卫星测控中心 | Method and system for evaluating reliability of aerospace measurement and control software |
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