CN107315075B - Method for screening underground water pollution monitoring indexes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for screening underground water pollution monitoring indexes, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a groundwater test sample, and carrying out layered screening on the test sample according to the toxicity degree of pollutants to obtain groundwater pollution indexes with different toxicity degrees; and dividing the underground water pollution index into a primary level according to the threat to human health, a secondary level according to the threat to ecological safety and a third level according to the potential pollution to obtain a third-level underground water pollution monitoring index. The invention can screen and divide the test sample into multiple layers and multiple levels, establishes an effective underground water pollution screening index system, defines three-level underground water pollution monitoring indexes, and has determinacy and performability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental monitoring, and particularly relates to a method for screening underground water pollution monitoring indexes.
Background
The research of groundwater pollution is mainly aimed at accurately capturing various information left by pollutants in a groundwater system so as to find the pollution in time and take measures to remove harm as soon as possible. Therefore, well monitoring the pollution of the underground water is very important for protecting the underground water.
The screening research of the underground water monitoring index is the core and the foundation of the construction of the water pollution monitoring work. The monitoring index system mainly comprises a conventional monitoring index; characteristic monitoring indexes. The screening research of the current monitoring indexes has been developed greatly, and various research methods exist, namely a method for identifying typical pollutants in industrial wastewater in the Liaohe river drainage basin by adopting an equal-standard pollution load method and an intelligent drainage basin representative pollutant identification model based on fuzzy C-mean clustering and a corresponding analysis method.
The method mainly utilizes quantitative analysis means to carry out quantitative analysis on indexes aiming at most of research on monitoring indexes at home and abroad, neglects related relations among the indexes, is limited in research direction to conventional monitoring indexes, lacks of optimization analysis of characteristic monitoring indexes, and is difficult to comprehensively characterize pollution source pollution discharge characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for screening the underground water pollution monitoring indexes, which can screen and divide the test samples into multiple layers and multiple levels, establishes an effective underground water pollution index screening system, defines the three-level underground water pollution monitoring indexes and has certainty and performability.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for screening groundwater pollution monitoring indexes comprises the following steps:
acquiring a groundwater test sample, and carrying out layered screening on the test sample according to the toxicity degree of pollutants to obtain groundwater pollution indexes with different toxicity degrees;
and dividing the underground water pollution index into a primary level according to the threat to human health, a secondary level according to the threat to ecological safety and a third level according to the potential pollution to obtain a third-level underground water pollution monitoring index.
Further, the step of carrying out layered screening on the test sample according to the toxicity degree of the pollutants specifically comprises the following steps:
the first layer screens the proportion of artificial pollutants in the sample;
the second layer is used for screening the inorganic conventional index proportion in the sample;
and integrating the screening results of the first layer and the screening results of the second layer to serve as screening sources for screening of the third layer, and sequencing the screening sources according to the toxicity degree to obtain groundwater pollution indexes with different toxicity degrees.
Further, the toxicity is specifically ranked according to carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, pathogenicity > carcinogenesis > teratogenesis, and pathogenicity > pathogenicity.
Further, if the proportion of the artificial pollutants exceeds the standard and the exceeding artificial pollutants reach the carcinogenic, teratogenic or pathogenic degree, the artificial pollutants are brought into the monitoring index threatening the human health level; otherwise, the man-made pollutant is brought into the monitoring index of the ecological safety level.
Further, if the proportion of the inorganic conventional indexes exceeds the standard and the exceeding inorganic conventional indexes can cause the change of local ecological environment, the inorganic conventional indexes are brought into the monitoring indexes threatening the ecological security level; if the ratio of the inorganic conventional indexes exceeds the standard and the inorganic conventional indexes exceeding the standard reach the carcinogenic, teratogenic or pathogenic degree, the inorganic conventional indexes are brought into the monitoring indexes threatening the human health level.
Further, if the monitoring index threatening the human health level belongs to an upstream runoff area of groundwater, the monitoring index threatening the human health level is brought into the monitoring index threatening the ecological safety level.
Further, the potential pollution level monitoring indicators include novel pollutants, which are pollutants whose composition cannot be detected using prior art means.
Furthermore, the artificial pollutants adopt organic trace pollution indexes.
Furthermore, the artificial pollutant accounts for the number of detection frequencies of the artificial pollutants.
Furthermore, the proportion of the inorganic conventional indexes is based on the groundwater water quality standard III.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the invention provides the method for screening the underground water pollution monitoring index, the test sample can be divided into multiple layers and multiple levels for screening and dividing, an effective underground water pollution index screening system is established, the three-level underground water pollution monitoring index is defined, and the method has certainty and performability.
The invention establishes the correlation between indexes through a three-level monitoring system, divides organic pollution, inorganic pollution and potential pollution sources, gives the optimization analysis of characteristic monitoring indexes, and comprehensively represents the pollution discharge characteristics of the pollution sources.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples and drawings:
it should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a method of screening groundwater pollution monitoring indicators, comprising:
acquiring a groundwater test sample, and carrying out layered screening on the test sample according to the toxicity degree of the pollutants to obtain groundwater pollution indexes with different toxicity degrees;
and dividing the underground water pollution index into a primary grade according to the threat to human health, a secondary grade according to the threat to ecological safety and a third grade according to the potential pollution to obtain a third-grade underground water pollution monitoring index.
According to the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB3838-2002), the ground water is divided into five types according to the function height of the ground water:
class I, which is mainly applicable to head water and national natural reserve;
and (II) class. The method is mainly suitable for primary protection areas of surface water sources of centralized drinking water areas, habitats of rare aquatic organisms, fish and shrimp spawning sites, cable bait sites for larvae and juvenile fishes and the like;
class III, which is mainly applicable to fishery water areas and swimming areas such as a centralized drinking water surface water source area, a fish and shrimp overwintering field, a migration channel, an aquaculture area and the like;
class IV, which is mainly applicable to general industrial water areas and recreational water areas which are not directly contacted with human bodies;
and the V type is mainly suitable for agricultural water areas and water areas with general landscape requirements.
Wherein physical parameters and chemical parameters of various water qualities have clear requirements in the environmental quality standard of surface water.
The pollution indexes contained in the IV-type water and the V-type water are the levels threatening the human health in the application, the pollution indexes contained in the III-type water are the levels threatening the ecological safety in the application, and the rest pollution indexes or potential pollution indexes are the third level potential pollution in the application.
The layered screening of the test sample according to the toxicity degree of the pollutants specifically comprises the following steps:
the first layer screens the proportion of artificial pollutants in the sample;
the second layer is used for screening the inorganic conventional index proportion in the sample;
and integrating the screening results of the first layer and the screening results of the second layer to serve as screening sources for screening of the third layer, and sequencing the screening sources according to the toxicity degree to obtain groundwater pollution indexes with different toxicity degrees.
The artificial pollutants are mainly organic pollutants, and laboratory test analysis data is screened, namely organic trace pollution is mainly targeted.
The above layering can be divided according to the detection rate, the overproof rate and the toxicology. The first layer of screening can be an index with the detection frequency number theta >0 of the organic trace index, wherein the detection frequency number refers to the percentage of the number of samples detected aiming at the organic trace pollution index to the total number of samples; the second-layer screening is to aim at the indexes with the standard exceeding rate gamma larger than 0 of inorganic conventional indexes, the standard exceeding rate refers to III in the groundwater water quality standard as a reference value, screening is carried out according to the standard exceeding rate, and the indexes are sorted according to the standard exceeding rate; the third layer of screening is to sort the indexes screened out by the first two layers from big to small and then screen according to the toxicology level of the indexes, and the screening principle is to sort according to carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and pathogenicity, and pathogenicity.
Next, we divide the three levels of groundwater pollution indexes according to the screening results of the pollutant indexes in the samples.
The threat to human health can be the primary level, the threat to ecological safety is the secondary level, and the potential pollution level is divided into I level, II level and III level:
the grade I optimal monitoring index is generally listed in an international, national or industrial pollutant priority control directory and is used as an optimal pollution monitoring index for primary monitoring and control in a local area; including the man-made pollutants which exceed the standard, and the man-made pollutants which exceed the standard reach the carcinogenic, teratogenic or pathogenic degree, and reach the inorganic conventional index of the carcinogenic, teratogenic or pathogenic degree.
The level II preferred monitoring index refers to part of inorganic conventional components or trace organic indexes in regional underground water. There are three main types of such contaminants:
firstly, the method has no obvious toxic action, although the method is detected, the method does not cause obvious harm to human health, but may cause great influence on the ecological environment and the like of the area, such as part of inorganic conventional indexes, when the indexes exceed the groundwater quality standard (III level), the method can cause the change of local ecological environment, such as SO4 2-pH, Cl, P, Al, total hardness, etc. Namely, the ratio of the inorganic conventional index exceeds the standard, and the exceeding inorganic conventional index can cause the change of local ecological environment;
the other is trace organic pollutant without carcinogenic, teratogenic or pathogenic effect, but detected or overproof in the area;
and the third step comprises the I-level index of the upstream runoff area of the underground water in the area, and the upstream I-level index is degraded, adsorbed and the like, so that the content of part of monitoring indexes is reduced, and the detection rate and the standard exceeding rate are not in the I-level index. The method is mainly divided according to ecological risk evaluation and is used as an optimal II-level monitoring index of the area.
The level III potential pollution is a potential risk index, and is produced or appears in an area or is possibly appeared in a short period of time in novel industrial, agricultural, life and other products and supplies such as chemical industry, medicines, hormones, oils and the like, but because the detection level is limited, the detection method cannot be detected or mastered at present, or the pollutant components cannot be mastered, and as the detection technical level is improved and the cognitive ability is increased, some pollutants gradually enter a preferred monitoring index column.
Although the detection target cannot be achieved by the current means, the potential risk is recognized in international and part of countries, such as part of pollution indexes of antibiotics, hormones and the like.
The embodiment can screen and divide the test samples into multiple layers and multiple levels, establishes an effective groundwater pollution index screening system, defines three levels of groundwater pollution monitoring indexes, and has certainty and performability.
The invention establishes the correlation between indexes through a three-level monitoring system, divides organic pollution, inorganic pollution and potential pollution sources, gives the optimization analysis of characteristic monitoring indexes, and comprehensively represents the pollution discharge characteristics of the pollution sources.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A method for screening underground water pollution monitoring indexes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a groundwater test sample, and carrying out layered screening on the test sample according to the toxicity degree of pollutants to obtain groundwater pollution indexes with different toxicity degrees; the layered screening of the test sample according to the toxicity degree of the pollutants specifically comprises the following steps:
the first layer screens the proportion of artificial pollutants in the sample;
the second layer is used for screening the inorganic conventional index proportion in the sample;
integrating the screening results of the first layer and the screening results of the second layer to serve as screening sources for screening of the third layer, and sequencing the screening sources according to the toxicity degree to obtain groundwater pollution indexes with different toxicity degrees;
and dividing the underground water pollution index into a primary level according to the threat to human health, a secondary level according to the threat to ecological safety and a third level according to the potential pollution to obtain a third-level underground water pollution monitoring index.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the toxicological level is specifically ranked according to carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, pathogenicity > carcinogenesis > teratogenesis and pathogenicity > pathogenicity.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
if the proportion of the artificial pollutants exceeds the standard and the exceeding artificial pollutants reach the carcinogenic, teratogenic or pathogenic degree, bringing the artificial pollutants into the monitoring index threatening the human health level; otherwise, the man-made pollutant is brought into the monitoring index of the ecological safety level.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: if the proportion of the inorganic conventional indexes exceeds the standard and the local ecological environment can be changed by the inorganic conventional indexes exceeding the standard, the inorganic conventional indexes are brought into the monitoring indexes threatening the ecological security level; if the ratio of the inorganic conventional indexes exceeds the standard and the inorganic conventional indexes exceeding the standard reach the carcinogenic, teratogenic or pathogenic degree, the inorganic conventional indexes are brought into the monitoring indexes threatening the human health level.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: and if the monitoring index threatening the human health level belongs to an upstream runoff area of the groundwater, the monitoring index threatening the human health level is brought into the monitoring index threatening the ecological safety level.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the potential pollution level monitoring indicators include novel contaminants, which are contaminants whose composition cannot be detected using prior art means.
7. A method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the artificial pollutants adopt organic trace pollution indexes.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the artificial pollutant proportion adopts the detection frequency number of the artificial pollutants.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the inorganic conventional index proportion is based on the groundwater quality standard III.
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