CN107314705A - Firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory - Google Patents
Firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory, it comprises the following steps：(1) firearms barrel high/low temperature pressure curve is calculated；(2) barrel theoretical strength curve is calculated；(3) the theoretical profile of barrel is calculated using fourth strength theory；(4) barrel profile is adjusted.The method that the present invention has expanded China's firearms monotubular barrel design, be conducive to China with countries in the world exchanging in terms of firearms monotubular barrel design, the present invention available for universities and colleges, scientific research institution and weapon factory firearms monotubular barrel develop.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to weapon development and guarantee field, and in particular to a kind of firearms monotubular body based on fourth strength theory
Pipe design method.
Background technology
Monotubular barrel is that current firearms use relatively broad barrel, and the influence based on the former Soviet Union for a long time, China is single
Cylinder barrel design uses the second strength theory, and design method comparative maturity.
But various countries' firearms monotubular barrel design not all uses the second strength theory at present, for example being used European countries more
3rd strength theory, uses fourth strength theory the U.S. more.
But it is due to the difference of empirical coefficient etc. in various countries' propellant powder, gun steel, correlation computations formula, other countries adopt
The method for designing monotubular barrel with the 3rd strength theory is not necessarily adapted to China, and distinct issues are reflected in the selection of safety coefficient
On.
In order to strengthen the international exchange on firearms barrel design, find be adapted to China's national situation based on fourth strength theory
Firearms monotubular barrel design method it is very necessary.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to be adapted to the firearms monotubular barrel design side based on fourth strength theory of China's national situation
Method.
The present invention principle be：Based on the current domestic ripe monotubular barrel design method based on the second strength theory,
By selecting suitable safety coefficient so that use monotubular barrel and managed using the second intensity that fourth strength theory is designed
It is basically identical or safer by the monotubular barrel designed.
Monotubular barrel design step based on fourth strength theory is basically identical：Determine that firearms are penetrated under various conditions first
The maximum pressure curve that each section is born when hitting, i.e. high/low temperature pressure curve, high/low temperature pressure curve are multiplied by safety coefficient and obtained
Theoretical strength curve, can be calculated after choosing suitable barrel material by elastic strength limit formula by theoretical strength curve
The theoretical profile of barrel, finally considers that connection, cooperation of barrel and miscellaneous part etc. are adjusted to theoretical profile and obtains barrel
Exact shape.Difference is that safety coefficient chooses different, and the elastic strength limit formula of use is different.
Two methods design procedure is basically identical, on the one hand (considers me to choose the safety coefficient tallied with the national condition
The factor such as empirical coefficient in state's propellant powder, gun steel, correlation computations formula), on the other hand also allow for this method and pushed away in China
Extensively use.
The present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory, it comprises the following steps：
(1) firearms barrel high/low temperature pressure curve is calculated；
(2) barrel theoretical strength curve is calculated；
(3) the theoretical profile of barrel is calculated using fourth strength theory；
(4) barrel profile is adjusted.
Further, the step (1) comprises the following steps：
(1) P-T curve is obtained；
(2) characteristic point is calculated；
(3) calculateBetween data point；
(4) calculateBetween data point；
(5) relevant data points are connected.
Further, in the step (1), on the premise of most strong zone charge and new big gun (coyote hole increment is 0), pass through
Interior trajectory equations or experimental test are solved, two P-T curves of -40 DEG C and ± 50 DEG C of correspondence are obtained, and obtains -40 DEG C
The characteristic parameter of correspondence P-T curveAnd the feature ginseng of+50 DEG C of correspondence P-T curves
Number
Further, in the step (2)：
Consider the length l of coyote hole partys, byCalculated with formula (a)
L=l+lys (a)
In formula (a), lys- barrel coyote hole length；
ByCalculated with formula (b)ByCalculated with formula (c)
In formula (b) and (c), mω- propellant powder quality, mq- bullet quality,The secondary work(of-only consideration bullet friction and rotation
Design factor, cannon takes 1.02, and firearms take 1.10；
So obtain 5 characteristic point datas：
Further, in the step (3)：Pass through -30 DEG C, -10 DEG C, 0 DEG C, 10 DEG C, 30 DEG C of P-T curve, then can be with
Obtain parameter point..., it can be calculated with formula (a) and formula (c) correspondingConstituteBetween
Data point.
Further, in the step (3)：
Asked for by inner trajectory table.Loading density Δ is calculated by formula (d), calculated by formula (e)WithIt is corresponding
Bullet relative travelWith
In formula (d), W0- chambervolume；
In formula (e), S- barrel cross-sectional areas；
By Δ andLook into inner trajectory table and obtain series data pointUse formula
(e), formula (a) and formula (c) can calculate correspondingConstituteIt
Between data point.
Further, in the step (4), the P-T curve at -40 DEG C can be obtainedBetween several thoraxes
Pressure point data：Equally, needs can be calculated by formula (a) and formula (c)Between data point
Further, will in the step (5) WithBetween data point andBetween data point connect and obtain barrel high/low temperature pressure curve.
Further, the step (2) is：By the pressure p of every group of data point1It is multiplied by the corresponding safety in its position
Coefficient n, obtains a series of pl；The p in each sectionlConnect and obtain barrel theoretical strength curve；
The safety coefficient n is determined by the following method：Gun barrel is divided into 4 sections：Coyote hole portion is 0~lys, rifling rise
Beginning, portion was lys~Lm+ 1.5d, rifling stage casing are Lm+ 1.5d~Lg- 2d, gun muzzle portion are Lg- 2d~Lg；The safety in the coyote hole portion
Coefficient takes 0.86；The safety coefficient of the rifling initial part takes 0.92 or 1.0, wherein, shallow rifling takes 0.92, and deep rifling takes 1.0；
The safety coefficient in gun muzzle portion takes 1.75 or 1.55, wherein, towed gun takes 1.75, and self-propelled gun takes 1.55；The rifling
The safety coefficient in stage casing takes the linear interpolation for closing on two ends safety coefficient.
Further, the step (3) is：According to the maximum pressure in barrel theoretical strength curve, suitable big gun is chosen
Steel type, determines material proportion limit σp；The p in each section of barrel is calculated by high/low temperature pressure curve datal；
During using fourth strength theory, the theoretical outer radius r in each section of barrel is calculated according to formula (f)2；The r in each section2Connection
Get up to obtain the theoretical profile of barrel：
In formula (f), r1- barrel profiled internal radius, r2- barrel section theory outer radius.
Further, the step (4) is：Consider barrel and breech, reel cage, the connection of muzzle device and cooperation etc. pair
Barrel theory profile is adjusted, each section r2sConnect and obtain barrel exact shape.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The method that the present invention has expanded China's firearms monotubular barrel design, is conducive to me
State's exchanging in terms of firearms monotubular barrel design with countries in the world.The present invention can be used for universities and colleges, scientific research institution and weapon factory
Firearms monotubular barrel develop.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is barrel P-T curve.
Fig. 2 is barrel high/low temperature pressure curve.
Fig. 3 is barrel safety coefficient curve.
Fig. 4 is theoretical strength curve.
Fig. 5 is the theoretical profile of barrel and exact shape curve.
In Fig. 1, l- bullets are with respect to barrel stroke, space average pressure after p- bullets,
p0、pm、pk、pgWhen-correspondence bullet starts, gun pressure it is maximum when, gun propellant combustion when finishing, bullet thorax when going out gun muzzle
Interior average pressure, lm、lk、lgWhen-correspondence gun pressure is maximum, the bullet of gun propellant combustion when finishing, bullet when going out gun muzzle is with respect to barrel
Stroke.
In Fig. 2, L- barrels are apart from thorax bottom length, p1Maximum pressure is born in each section of-barrel, d- cannon bores,
Lg- length of tube,Bullet distance from bottom thorax bottom distance when gun pressure reaches maximum after bullet at-x DEG C,
Gun propellant combustion terminates moment bullet distance from bottom thorax bottom distance at-x DEG C,
Thorax base pressure is strong when gun pressure reaches maximum after bullet at-x DEG C,Bullet base pressure when gun pressure reaches maximum after bullet at-x DEG C
By force,To go out gun muzzle moment bullet base pressure strong for bullet at-x DEG C.
In Fig. 3, n- safety coefficients.
In Fig. 4,1- high/low temperature pressure curves, 2- theoretical strength curves.
In Fig. 5, r- barrel radiuses, 3- barrel inside radius curves, 4- barrels theory profile, 5- barrel exact shapes.
Embodiment
Firearms monotubular barrel design is carried out in firearms interior trajectory design and after the completion of calculating.That is, being in body
The P-T curve of pipe is, it is known that in barrel under thorax physical dimension known case, design the wall thickness of barrel, and the reality for obtaining barrel is outer
Shape.
First, firearms barrel high/low temperature pressure curve is calculated.
High/low temperature pressure curve obtains straightway number of endpoint as shown in Fig. 2 curve is made up of two sections of straight lines and two sections of curves
According to several points (more than 4) data on curved section, you can obtain the curve.
Two sections of straight lines refer toArriveStraightway andArriveStraightway；Two sections of curves refer toBetween data point andBetween group of data points into
Curved section.Two straightways and two curved sections collectively constitute high/low temperature pressure curve.
1st, P-T curve
In most strong zone charge (country is No. 0 powder charge), (thorax does not wear and tear new big gun in barrel, and coyote hole increment is 0) premise
Under, by solving interior trajectory equations or experimental test, obtain two P-T curve (such as Fig. 1 of -40 DEG C and+50 DEG C of correspondence
It is shown).P-T curve is made up of volume of data point, and form is as shown in table 1.The feature ginseng of -40 DEG C of correspondence P-T curves
Number includesThe characteristic parameter of+50 DEG C of correspondence P-T curves includes
It is to determine due to gun barrel length, what displacement when bullet goes out gun muzzle with respect to barrel was also to determine, therefore -40 DEG C and+50 DEG C
The l of two P-T curvesgIt is consistent.It is noted here that -40 DEG C~+50 DEG C be China's firearms temperature in use scope.
Shown in interior trajectory equations such as formula (g).The parameter of specific cannon is used during calculating.
In formula (g), percentage is removed in ψ-gunpowder combustion, and relative thickness, t- times, λ, the shape facility of μ-powder are removed in the combustion of Z- gunpowder
Amount, u1- combustion rate coefficient, e1Powder gases average pressure, I in the half of-powder original depth, p- thoraxeskThe full momentum of-pressure,
N- burning velocity indexes, S- bore cross-sectional areas,- secondary work(design factor, mq- bullet quality, v- velocity of shot, l- bullets
Stroke, lψThe free volume undergauge of-coyote hole is long, f- impetuses, mω- charging quality, k- specific heat ratios.
The data point of the P-T curve of table 1
2nd, characteristic point is calculated
Consider the length l of coyote hole partys, byCalculated with formula (1)
L=l+lys (a)
Such as,
ByCalculated with formula (b)ByCalculated with formula (c)
In formula (b) and (c), mω- propellant powder quality, mq- bullet quality,The secondary work(of-only consideration bullet friction and rotation
Design factor, cannon takes 1.02, and firearms take 1.10.
The use of formula (c) such as,
So obtain 5 characteristic point datas：
3rd, calculateBetween data point
If (such as -30 DEG C, -10 DEG C, 0 DEG C, 10 DEG C, 30 DEG C) gun pressure at several temperature between -40 DEG C~+50 DEG C being obtained
Curve, then can obtain parameter pointIt can be calculated with formula (a) and formula (c) corresponding ... constituteBetween number
Strong point.
If cannot get above-mentioned P-T curve, above-mentioned parameter is asked for by inner trajectory table.Filling is calculated by formula (d)
Density Δ, is calculated by formula (e)WithCorresponding bullet relative travelWith
In formula (d), W0- chambervolume.
In formula (e), S- barrel cross-sectional areas.The application of formula (e) such as,
By Δ andLook into inner trajectory table and obtain series data pointSuch as table 2
It is shown.It can be calculated with formula (e), formula (a) and formula (c) corresponding These points are also constituted
Between data point.
The inner trajectory table of table 2 looks into data
4th, calculateBetween data point
P-T curve at -40 DEG C, can be obtainedBetween several gun pressure point datas： (as shown in figure 1 and table 1) needs can, equally, be calculated by formula (a) and formula (c)
Between data point
5th, relevant data points are connected
, will according to Fig. 2WithBetween number
Strong point andBetween data point connect and obtain barrel high/low temperature pressure curve.It is design barrel wall thickness
Basis.High/low temperature pressure curve data are as shown in table 3.
The high/low temperature pressure curve data of table 3
2nd, barrel theoretical strength curve is calculated
In view of theoretical calculation and actual gap, the factor such as uneven of material, design barrel wall thickness needs to introduce peace
Overall coefficient n.When designing monotubular barrel using fourth strength theory, such as Fig. 3 selection safety coefficients.0~lysFor coyote hole portion；lys~Lm
+ 1.5d is rifling initial part；Lg- 2d~LgFor gun muzzle portion.Coyote hole portion safety coefficient takes 0.86；Rifling initial part safety coefficient takes
0.92 and 1.0 (shallow rifling takes 0.92, and 1.0) deep rifling takes；Gun muzzle portion safety coefficient takes 1.75 and 1.55, and (towed gun takes
1.75,1.55) self-propelled gun takes；Rifling initial part takes the linear interpolation of two ends safety coefficient to safety coefficient between gun muzzle portion.
Deep, shallow rifling judges that t≤0.01d is shallow rifling according to relation between rifling depth t and cannon bore d, and t ＞ 0.01d are deep thorax
Line.During specific calculating, as shown in table 3, by the pressure p of every group of data point1The corresponding safety coefficient n in its position is multiplied by, is obtained
To a series of pl.The p in each sectionlConnect and obtain barrel theoretical strength curve, as shown in curve 2 in Fig. 4.
3rd, the theoretical profile of barrel is calculated
According to the maximum pressure in barrel theoretical strength curve, suitable gun-steel class is chosen from related GJB
Type (such as P-685, P-835), determines material proportion limit σp。
Design before monotubular barrel, the interior thorax structure of barrel is it has been determined that curve 3 is known, its corresponding data in i.e. Fig. 5
As shown in front two row in table 4.Because the section provided in table 4 and the section provided in table 3 are inconsistent, design barrel is with table 4
Each section is defined, by data linear interpolation in table 3, obtaining the p in each section of barrel in table 4l。
During using fourth strength theory, the theoretical outer radius r in each section of barrel is calculated according to formula (f)2(being shown in Table 4).Each section
R2Connect and obtain the theoretical profile of barrel, as shown in curve 4 in Fig. 5.
Each cross-section data of the barrel of table 4
In formula (f), r1- barrel profiled internal radius, r2- barrel section theory outer radius.
4th, barrel profile is adjusted
Consider barrel and breech, reel cage, the connection of muzzle device the theoretical profile of barrel is adjusted with coordinating etc. (such as with
Tubular reel cage, which coordinates, to be needed to set a face of cylinder outside barrel, and being connected with breech needs to set step surface to process screw thread), most
The theoretical outer radius r in each section at last2Tune up as actual outer radius r2s(being shown in Table 4), each section r2sConnect and obtain barrel reality
Border profile, as shown in curve 5 in Fig. 5.
This is arrived, monotubular barrel is that design is finished.
In the case of thorax structure and pressure-bearing curve (high/low temperature pressure curve) are determined in firearms, this paper safety coefficient is utilized
Selection principle and fourth strength theory calculation formula, the theoretical profile of obtained barrel and the safety coefficient used in current industry are former
The theoretical profile of barrel then obtained with the second strength theory formula is basically identical.That is, China's firearms monotubular barrel from now on
Design, method of the past based on the second strength theory can be used, it would however also be possible to employ set forth herein based on fourth strength theory
Method, the monotubular barrel that two methods are designed is basically identical.
Embodiment described above is only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, but is not limited to this, this
The technical staff in field is easy to understand according to above-described embodiment the spirit of the present invention, and makes different amplifications and change, but
Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps：
(1) firearms barrel high/low temperature pressure curve is calculated；
(2) barrel theoretical strength curve is calculated；
(3) the theoretical profile of barrel is calculated using fourth strength theory；
(4) barrel profile is adjusted.
2. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the step (1) comprises the following steps：
(1) P-T curve is obtained；
(2) characteristic point is calculated；
(3) calculateBetween data point；
(4) calculateBetween data point；
(5) relevant data points are connected.
3. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory according to claim 2, its feature exists
In, in the step (1), on the premise of most strong zone charge and new big gun, by solving interior trajectory equations or experimental test,
Two P-T curves of -40 DEG C and+50 DEG C of correspondence are obtained, and obtain the characteristic parameter of -40 DEG C of correspondence P-T curves And the characteristic parameter of+50 DEG C of correspondence P-T curves
4. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory according to claim 3, its feature exists
In in the step (2)：
Consider the length l of coyote hole partys, bylgCalculated with formula (a)
Lg；
L=l+lys (a)
In formula (a), lys- barrel coyote hole length；
ByCalculated with formula (b)ByCalculated with formula (c)
In formula (b) and (c), mω- propellant powder quality, mq- bullet quality,- only consider that the secondary work(of bullet friction and rotation is calculated
Coefficient, cannon takes 1.02, and firearms take 1.10；
So obtain 5 characteristic point datas：
5. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory according to claim 4, its feature exists
In in the step (3)：Pass through -30 DEG C, -10 DEG C, 0 DEG C, 10 DEG C, 30 DEG C of P-T curve, then can obtain parameter point It can be calculated with formula (a) and formula (c) corresponding ConstituteBetween data point.
6. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory according to claim 5, its feature exists
In in the step (3)：Asked for by inner trajectory table；
Loading density Δ is calculated by formula (d), calculated by formula (e)WithCorresponding bullet relative travelWith
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<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mo>-</mo>
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<mo>(</mo>
<mi>d</mi>
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</mrow>
</mrow>
In formula (d), W0- chambervolume；
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<mi>&Lambda;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>l</mi>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mi>S</mi>
</mfrac>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
In formula (e), S- barrel cross-sectional areas；
By Δ andLook into inner trajectory table and obtain series data pointUse formula
(e), formula (a) and formula (c) can calculate correspondingConstituteBetween
Data point.
7. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory according to claim 6, its feature exists
In in the step (4), the P-T curve at -40 DEG C can be obtainedBetween several gun pressure point datas： Equally, needs can be calculated by formula (a) and formula (c)Between
Data point
8. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory according to claim 7, its feature exists
In the step (2) is：By the pressure p of every group of data point1The corresponding safety coefficient n in its position is multiplied by, obtaining one is
Arrange pl；The p in each sectionlConnect and obtain barrel theoretical strength curve；
The safety coefficient n is determined by the following method：Gun barrel is divided into 4 sections：Coyote hole portion is 0~lys, rifling initial part
For lys~Lm+ 1.5d, rifling stage casing are Lm+ 1.5d~Lg- 2d, gun muzzle portion are Lg- 2d~Lg；The safety coefficient in the coyote hole portion
Take 0.86；The safety coefficient of the rifling initial part takes 0.92 or 1.0, wherein, shallow rifling takes 0.92, and deep rifling takes 1.0；It is described
The safety coefficient in gun muzzle portion takes 1.75 or 1.55, wherein, towed gun takes 1.75, and self-propelled gun takes 1.55；The rifling stage casing
Safety coefficient take the linear interpolation for closing on two ends safety coefficient.
9. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory according to claim 8, its feature exists
In the step (3) is：According to the maximum pressure in barrel theoretical strength curve, the suitable firm type of big gun is chosen, material is determined
Expect proportional limit σp；The p in each section of barrel is calculated by high/low temperature pressure curve datal；
During using fourth strength theory, the theoretical outer radius r in each section of barrel is calculated according to formula (f)2；The r in each section2Connect
Obtain the theoretical profile of barrel；
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
<msqrt>
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<mn>3</mn>
<msubsup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
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<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
In formula (f), r1- barrel profiled internal radius, r2- barrel section theory outer radius.
10. a kind of firearms monotubular barrel design method based on fourth strength theory according to claim 9, its feature exists
In the step (4) is：Consider that barrel and breech, reel cage, the connection of muzzle device and cooperation etc. enter to barrel theory profile
Row adjustment, each section r2sConnect and obtain barrel exact shape.
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| CN101655829A (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2010-02-24 | 湖南师范大学 | External pressure self-intensification cylinder and design calculation and manufacturing method thereof |
| EP2482022A2 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-01 | Agency For Defense Development | Rifling angle calculating method |
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