CN107314234B - 一种用lng液力透平解决lng损耗的处理系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种用lng液力透平解决lng损耗的处理系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN107314234B
CN107314234B CN201710523093.XA CN201710523093A CN107314234B CN 107314234 B CN107314234 B CN 107314234B CN 201710523093 A CN201710523093 A CN 201710523093A CN 107314234 B CN107314234 B CN 107314234B
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lng
heat exchanger
compressor
hydraulic turbine
entrance
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CN107314234A (zh
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花亦怀
陈杰
曾伟平
苏清博
褚洁
胡苏阳
赵思思
罗婷婷
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CNOOC Gas and Power Group Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
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    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统及方法，它包括LNG储舱、LNG潜液泵、冷箱、经济换热器、第一压缩机、换热器、第二压缩机、气体膨胀机、LNG液力透平和电机；LNG储舱内的LNG潜液泵连接冷箱的第一进口；第一压缩机的出口连接换热器的第一入口，换热器的第一出口连接第二压缩机的入口，第二压缩机的出口连接换热器的第二入口，换热器的第二出口连接经济换热器的第一入口；经济换热器的第一出口连接气体膨胀机的入口，气体膨胀机的出口连接冷箱的第二进口；冷箱的第一出口通过LNG液力透平连接LNG储舱顶部的液相入口；冷箱的第二出口通过经济换热器连接第一压缩机的入口；气体膨胀机、LNG液力透平和电机分别通过传动机构连接第一、二压缩机。

Description

一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG(Liquid Natural Gas，液化天然气)损耗的处理系统及方法，属于LNG运输船BOG(Boil off gas，蒸发气)回收处理领域。
背景技术
随着能源需求量的增长，海外LNG贸易成为世界油气工业新的增长点。但由于输送距离较远，LNG温度较低等原因，一般LNG的输送均采用LNG运输船。
LNG在常压下温度约为-162℃，在LNG运输船的船舱中低温LNG会不断吸收环境热量而自身闪蒸，产生BOG，尽管LNG船的船舱具有良好的保温性能，但接近200℃的温差使BOG的产生不可避免。在传统的LNG运输船中，大都采用蒸汽轮机驱动，产生的BOG通过压缩之后可以作为船舶燃料，从而减少浪费。但是蒸汽轮机效率较低，能耗较大，逐渐被目前主流的柴电发动机或双燃料发动机所取代。因此，BOG不能再被船体本身所消耗，需要再LNG运输船上设置BOG回收处理装置。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种能够有效回收利用BOG，减少LNG运输船的LNG损耗的处理系统及方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统，其特征在于：它包括LNG储舱、LNG潜液泵、冷箱、经济换热器、第一压缩机、换热器、第二压缩机、气体膨胀机、LNG液力透平和电机；所述LNG储舱内的所述LNG潜液泵通过所述LNG储舱顶部的液相出口连接所述冷箱的第一进口；所述第一压缩机的出口连接所述换热器的第一入口，所述换热器的第一出口连接所述第二压缩机的入口，所述第二压缩机的出口连接所述换热器的第二入口，所述换热器的第二出口连接所述经济换热器的第一入口；所述经济换热器的第一出口连接所述气体膨胀机的入口，所述气体膨胀机的出口连接所述冷箱的第二进口；所述冷箱的第一出口连接所述LNG液力透平的入口，所述LNG液力透平的出口连接所述LNG储舱顶部的液相入口；所述冷箱的第二出口连接所述经济换热器的第二入口，所述经济换热器的第二出口连接所述第一压缩机的入口；所述气体膨胀机、LNG液力透平和电机分别通过传动机构连接所述第一压缩机、第二压缩机。
在所述LNG储舱的舱内顶部设置LNG喷淋系统。
所述气体膨胀机、所述LNG液力透平和所述电机分别通过齿轮变速箱驱动所述第一压缩机和第二压缩机运转。
所述换热器采用多股流换热器，采用海水作为冷却介质。
本发明还提供了一种基于用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统的处理方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤：
1)由于LNG储舱的内外温差大，LNG储舱吸收环境温度使LNG储舱内产生大量的BOG，当LNG储舱压力升高至9BarG时，通过LNG储舱内自带的LNG潜液泵将一小股LNG(5m3/h)输送至冷箱；
2)氮气经第一压缩机和第二压缩机两级压缩后形成高压氮气，高压氮气经换热器换热降温进入经济换热器；
3)进入经济换热器中的高压氮气与来自冷箱中返流的低温氮气换热，经换热后的返流低温氮气自身复热后进入第一压缩机中，而高压氮气降温后继续进入气体膨胀机中，在气体膨胀机中高压氮气膨胀降压对外做功，气体膨胀机将高压氮气的压力能转化为机械能协同电机驱动第一压缩机和第二压缩机运转，高压氮气降温至-165.7℃后进入冷箱；
4)降温至-165.7℃的高压氮气进入冷箱中过冷处理冷箱中的LNG后形成低温氮气返流至经济换热器，过冷处理后的LNG进入液力透平驱动透平轴转动从而协同气体膨胀机、电机一起驱动第一压缩机和第二压缩机运转，过冷处理后的LNG温度进一步降低后进入LNG储舱内，并与LNG储舱内的BOG传质换热，将BOG重新冷凝为LNG。
在步骤(3)和步骤(4)中，所述经济换热器和所述冷箱内介质在换热全过程中全部为单相态进行热传递，未发生相变。
本发明采用以上技术方案，其具有如下优点：1、本发明通过将LNG储舱内的LNG外输，经液氮过冷处理后送回LNG储舱将储舱内的BOG重新冷凝为LNG，通过气体膨胀机、LNG液力透平协同电机通过传动机构一起驱动第一、二压缩机，能够在有效回收利用BOG，减少LNG运输船的LNG损失，同时，能够有效回收利用氮气液化过程中的压力能和过冷处理后的LNG的压力能，实现能量最大程度的回收利用。2、本发明采用过冷处理后的LNG冷却BOG，无需额外增加BOG压缩机。3、本发明采用氮气作为制冷剂，无需进行额外的冷剂储存和配比，使整个处理系统起停方便。
附图说明
图1是本发明的解决LNG损耗的处理系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。
图1展示了本发明提供的解决LNG损耗的处理系统，该处理系统包括LNG储舱1、LNG潜液泵2、冷箱3、经济换热器4、第一压缩机5、换热器6、第二压缩机7、气体膨胀机8、LNG液力透平9和电机10。LNG储舱1内的LNG潜液泵2通过LNG储舱1顶部的液相出口连接冷箱3的第一进口；第一压缩机5的出口连接换热器6的第一入口，换热器6的第一出口连接第二压缩机7的入口，第二压缩机7的出口连接换热器6的第二入口，换热器6的第二出口连接经济换热器4的第一入口；经济换热器4的第一出口连接气体膨胀机8的入口，气体膨胀机8的出口连接冷箱3的第二进口；冷箱3的第一出口连接LNG液力透平9的入口，LNG液力透平9的出口连接LNG储舱1顶部的液相入口；冷箱3的第二出口连接经济换热器4的第二入口，经济换热器4的第二出口连接第一压缩机5的入口；气体膨胀机8、LNG液力透平9和电机10分别通过传动机构连接第一压缩机5、第二压缩机7。
进一步地，所述传动机构可采用齿轮变速箱。
进一步地，在LNG储舱1的舱内顶部设置LNG喷淋系统，使经LNG储舱1顶部液相入口的进入舱内的过冷LNG与BOG充分接触换热，提高BOG冷凝为LNG的效率，提高BOG的回收效率。
进一步地，换热器6采用多股流换热器，采用海水作为冷却介质。
基于上述的处理系统，本发明提供了一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理方法，其包括以下步骤：
1)由于LNG储舱1的内外温差大，LNG储舱1吸收环境温度使LNG储舱1内产生大量的BOG，当LNG储舱1压力升高至9BarG时，通过LNG储舱1内自带的LNG潜液泵2将一小股LNG(5m3/h)输送至冷箱3；
2)氮气经第一压缩机5和第二压缩机7两级压缩后形成高压氮气，高压氮气经换热器6换热降温进入经济换热器4；
3)进入经济换热器4中的高压氮气与来自冷箱3中返流的低温氮气换热，经换热后的返流低温氮气自身复热后进入第一压缩机5中，而高压氮气降温后继续进入气体膨胀机8中，在气体膨胀机8中高压氮气膨胀降压对外做功，气体膨胀机8将高压氮气的压力能转化为机械能协同电机10驱动第一压缩机5和第二压缩机7运转，高压氮气降温至-165.7℃后进入冷箱3；
4)降温至-165.7℃的高压氮气进入冷箱3中过冷处理冷箱3中的LNG后形成低温氮气返流至经济换热器4，过冷处理后的LNG进入液力透平9驱动透平轴转动从而协同气体膨胀机8、电机10一起驱动第一压缩机5和第二压缩机7运转，过冷处理后的LNG温度进一步降低后进入LNG储舱1内，并与LNG储舱1内的BOG传质换热，将BOG重新冷凝为LNG。
进一步地，在步骤3)和步骤4)中，冷箱3和经济换热器4中的氮气和LNG等介质换热全过程中全部为单相态进行热传递，未发生相变。
本发明仅以上述实施例进行说明，各部件的结构、设置位置及其连接都是可以有所变化的。在本发明技术方案的基础上，凡根据本发明原理对个别部件进行的改进或等同变换，均不应排除在本发明的保护范围之外。

Claims (6)

1.一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统，其特征在于：它包括LNG储舱、LNG潜液泵、冷箱、经济换热器、第一压缩机、换热器、第二压缩机、气体膨胀机、LNG液力透平和电机；所述LNG储舱内的所述LNG潜液泵通过所述LNG储舱顶部的液相出口连接所述冷箱的第一进口；所述第一压缩机的出口连接所述换热器的第一入口，所述换热器的第一出口连接所述第二压缩机的入口，所述第二压缩机的出口连接所述换热器的第二入口，所述换热器的第二出口连接所述经济换热器的第一入口；所述经济换热器的第一出口连接所述气体膨胀机的入口，所述气体膨胀机的出口连接所述冷箱的第二进口；所述冷箱的第一出口连接所述LNG液力透平的入口，所述LNG液力透平的出口连接所述LNG储舱顶部的液相入口；所述冷箱的第二出口连接所述经济换热器的第二入口，所述经济换热器的第二出口连接所述第一压缩机的入口；所述气体膨胀机、LNG液力透平和电机分别通过传动机构连接所述第一压缩机、第二压缩机。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统，其特征在于：在所述LNG储舱的舱内顶部设置LNG喷淋系统。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统，其特征在于：所述气体膨胀机、所述LNG液力透平和所述电机分别通过齿轮变速箱驱动所述第一压缩机和第二压缩机运转。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统，其特征在于：所述换热器采用多股流换热器，采用海水作为冷却介质。
5.一种基于权利要求1至4任一项所述用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统的处理方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤：
1)由于LNG储舱的内外温差大，LNG储舱吸收环境温度使LNG储舱内产生大量的BOG，当LNG储舱压力升高至9BarG时，通过LNG储舱内自带的LNG潜液泵将一部分LNG以5m3/h的流速输送至冷箱；
2)氮气经第一压缩机和第二压缩机两级压缩后形成高压氮气，高压氮气经换热器换热降温进入经济换热器；
3)进入经济换热器中的高压氮气与来自冷箱中返流的低温氮气换热，经换热后的返流低温氮气自身复热后进入第一压缩机中，而高压氮气降温后继续进入气体膨胀机中，在气体膨胀机中高压氮气膨胀降压对外做功，气体膨胀机将高压氮气的压力能转化为机械能协同电机驱动第一压缩机和第二压缩机运转，高压氮气降温至-165.7℃后进入冷箱；
4)降温至-165.7℃的高压氮气进入冷箱中过冷处理冷箱中的LNG后形成低温氮气返流至经济换热器，过冷处理后的LNG进入液力透平驱动透平轴转动从而协同气体膨胀机、电机一起驱动第一压缩机和第二压缩机运转，过冷处理后的LNG温度进一步降低后进入LNG储舱内，并与LNG储舱内的BOG传质换热，将BOG重新冷凝为LNG。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种用LNG液力透平解决LNG损耗的处理系统的处理方法，其特征在于：在步骤3)和步骤4)中，所述经济换热器和所述冷箱内介质在换热全过程中全部为单相态进行热传递，未发生相变。
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