CN107309429A - A kind of preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107309429A CN107309429A CN201710545756.8A CN201710545756A CN107309429A CN 107309429 A CN107309429 A CN 107309429A CN 201710545756 A CN201710545756 A CN 201710545756A CN 107309429 A CN107309429 A CN 107309429A
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- active material
- base substrate
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- accumulation structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material.Using jacket cold-rolling process, multi-pass continuous rolling is carried out to the active material base substrate obtained by powder compacting method and finally prepared with the higher all-metal active material for releasing energy characteristic.The method of the present invention can efficiently obtain block all-metal active material.When being processed further to active material base substrate, by adding jacket, the active material base substrate with powder accumulation structure is set to be deformed under the effect of contraction of three-dimensional compressive stress, due to being ftractureed caused by material fragility when both having avoided conventional deformation, the contact area between active component in unit volume is increased again, improves the combustion velocity and reaction efficiency of active material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material, belong to all-metal active material
Preparing technical field.
Background technology
Active material (Reactive Materials) is typically referred to by two or more on-explosive class solid matter institute groups
Into can be reacted after firing with itself or with air while discharging the energetic material of a large amount of chemical energy.Active material is usual
With very high energy density and reaction temperature, in welding, materials synthesis and military field have a wide range of applications.Especially as
Active fragmentation increases substantially warhead and injured in use, can discharge big energy and produce violent explosion or incendiary effect
The ability of target.Current active material mainly includes metal -- Au genotype, aluminothermy formulation and metal-polymer type etc..Wherein, entirely
Metal active material is in addition to energy characteristic is preferably released, also with mechanical properties such as certain density and intensity, both
Can under certain load effect holding structure integrality, have stronger Penetration Ability again, can be realized as active fragmentation
Wear combustion or the dual of drilling and blasting is injured, there is very big development potentiality in national defence.
The method of preparation all-metal active material common at present has isostatic cool pressing, physical vapour deposition (PVD), cold spraying, blast
Shaping etc..To make active material reach expected performance indications, material should have more uniform structure composition, more sufficient interface
With reference to also avoiding the security incidents such as antedating response is caused between constituent element in preparation process energy loss and blast.Its
Middle physical vaporous deposition can prepare particle size for nano level film, and material has high burn rate after igniting,
But because its deposition efficiency is low, it is unsuitable for the preparation of block materials, limits application of the material in active fragmentation field.It is cold etc. quiet
Pressure, cold spraying, the characteristics of explosive forming has respective as the method for effectively preparing block all-metal active material.Wherein, it is cold
Isostatic pressing has with short production cycle, and cost is low, the advantages of process is simple.But the maximum shortcoming of isostatic cool pressing is material
Consistency is relatively low, typically less than the 80% of maximum theory density, the energy density of the active material unit volume seriously reduced, together
When due to material porosity it is higher, ignition, combustion speed and efficiency are all very low；Explosive forming have high shaping efficiency and
High material compact density；Cold spraying operating temperature is low, and the heat affecting to spraying particle and matrix is small, can be prevented effectively from material
By being reacted between the constituent element caused by high temperature in preparation process, material density is close to solid density.Using explosive forming or cold spray
Although the block all-metal active material of densification can be prepared by applying, the powder of composition material still falls within machinery accumulation knot
Structure, the strength of materials is low, and is limited by technique, and powder size belongs to micron order, and reaction threshold occurs in actual use
It is worth temperature higher, the problems such as burning velocity is relatively slow or even reacts insufficient, having a strong impact on releasing for material can characteristic.Therefore it must lead to
Cross cold deformation and further microstructure regulation and control are carried out to active material.
Wherein, rolling can make particle deform as a kind of important machining deformation mode, in increase unit volume
Contact area between active component, reaches reduction ignition threshold value and improves the purpose of burn rate.However, due to passing through blast
Powder particle is still in mechanical stacking states, usable material chamber in all-metal active material base substrate prepared by shaping or cold spray-coating method
Warm plastic deformation ability is poor, and even less than 1%, using traditional cold rolling process, material easily ftractures；In addition, active material is made
There is higher temperature sensitivity for a kind of material with special applications background, and in material between different metal active component
Different melting points are larger, general high temperature hot rolling, easily active component can be caused to react, so that material is greatly reduced in reality
Energy releasing effect in use, or even the safety problem such as set off an explosion.Therefore, the key that prepared by material is how to ensure
Base substrate integrality and improve material inside organization on the premise of not reacting.The problem of to solve material strain cracking, this hair
The bright method using addition jacket carries out rolling deformation to the active material base substrate of powder accumulation structure, while controlling temperature, prevents
Only material reacts in advance.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of that above-mentioned existing preparation technology is present, a kind of powder accumulation structure is proposed
The preparation method of all-metal active material, method of the invention overcomes the thermally sensitive problem of metal based active material, adopts
The all-metal active material sheet material that flawless is prepared with the cold rolling method being combined of jacket is molded with low-temperature powder, passes through multiple tracks
Secondary small deformation cold-rolling process improves the microstructure of metal active material base substrate, improves the contact area of active component, and then
Reduce the ignition threshold value temperature of active material and improve combustion rate.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution.
A kind of preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material, is continuously wrapped using powder compacting combination multi-pass
Prepared by the cold rolling method of set, material preparation process comprises the following steps：
Step one, the all-metal active material base substrate with powder accumulation structure is prepared using powder compacting method；
Step 2, the active material base substrate that step one is prepared is placed in the groove of bottom plate, then close the lid plate shape
Into jacket；Active material base substrate and groove coordinate for gap；Cover plate and groove coordinate for gap；
Step 3, the jacket equipped with active material base substrate obtained to step 2 carries out cold-rolling deformation, obtains powder accumulation
Structure all-metal active material；
Preferably, the preparation technology of the all-metal active material base substrate is that powder compacting method is cold spraying or powder explosion
Shaping, base substrate is micro-sized metal powder packed structures, and powder diameter is 10-30 μm.
The jacket is constituted by the cover plate of phase same material and with reeded bottom plate.Preferably, the sheath material is aluminium
Alloy or fine copper.
Preferably, the fit system of active material base substrate and jacket cover plate and jacket groove is that gap coordinates.
The rolling mill practice is multi-pass continuous cold rolling, it is preferable that mill speed is 200-500mm/s, every time deformation
Measure as 10%-30%, without heat treatment before and after one-pass roller.
The present invention has following beneficial effect：First, by powder compacting method can quickly and efficiently obtain size compared with
Big block all-metal active material base substrate.Secondly, when base substrate and jacket are coordinated, jacket cover plate is matched somebody with somebody with groove for gap
Close.Seam crossing is not required to welding, when both having avoided welding may the material antedating response as caused by high temperature, be also prevented from the operation of rolling
The jacket cover plate changing of the relative positions caused by middle weld deformation is uneven.The three-dimensional compressive stress that base substrate applies in jacket in the operation of rolling is about
Avoid ftractureing under beam, both ensure that the shaping integrality of material finally, the secondary deformation of material granule is realized again, increase
The contact area of unit volume, improves the reaction speed of active material between active component.Simultaneously in preparation process by
In without heat treatment, it is to avoid active-energy loses caused by active component antedating response caused by temperature is raised
And safety problem, the effect of processing hardening is remained, material internal has substantial amounts of dislocation, both improved the intensity of material, again
Driving force is provided for reaction, ignition threshold value is reduced.This process simplify process, realize with the more excellent powder for releasing energy characteristic
Last packed structures all-metal active material block obtains rapid shaping at a lower temperature.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that base substrate is combined with jacket；
Fig. 2 is tissue topography of the blank of material under ESEM (backscatter mode)
Fig. 3 is tissue topography of the material under ESEM (backscatter mode) after rolling
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will be helpful to the technology of this area
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that to the ordinary skill of this area
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection domain.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is related to a kind of preparation method of Al-Ni binary systems powder accumulation structure all-metal active material, including
Following steps：Al-Ni active materials base substrate 1 is prepared using cold spray-coating method；The chi of wherein described Al-Ni active materials base substrate 1
It is very little to be：40mm × 30mm × 3mm (length × width x thickness)；Al, Ni constituent element mol ratio are 1:1；Powder particle size is 10-30 μm.
Aluminium alloy cover plate 2 is taken, and fluted 3 aluminum alloy bottom plate 4 is set；The size of wherein aluminium alloy cover plate 2 is：
40mm × 30mm × 4mm (length × width x thickness)；The size of aluminum alloy bottom plate 4 is：80mm × 60mm × 11mm (length × width x thickness)；
The size of groove 3 is：40mm × 30mm × 7mm (long × wide × deep)；Cover plate 2 and bottom plate 4 are 6061 line aluminium alloys.
Al-Ni active materials base substrate 1 is placed in groove 3, cover plate 2 is subsequently placed into, jacket is cooperatively formed with bottom plate 4, such as
Shown in Fig. 1；Base substrate is rolled afterwards, the process of rolling is：Jacket equipped with active material base substrate is used at room temperature
The technique of multi-pass continuous rolling carries out rolling deformation；Wherein roller diameter is 250mm, and mill speed is 500mm/s, every time
Deflection is 20%, and 9 passage continuous rollings are carried out altogether；Al-Ni active material finish to gauges plate thickness is 0.4mm.Before every time rolling
Any heat treatment is not done afterwards.
Implementation result：In the operation of rolling to base substrate, find not add the Al-Ni active material base substrates of jacket due to itself
Temperature-room type plasticity is poor, is just ftractureed after the first passes, and uses the Al-Ni active material base substrates of aluminium alloy jacket
Roll aftershaping quality good, surface flawless.XRD results show that base substrate is in the operation of rolling without in generation between constituent element
Between combination reaction.Quasi-static tensile test is carried out to base substrate and final material, as a result show the tensile strength of material after rolling by
The 130MPa of base substrate brings up to nearly 200MPa, and mechanical property is obviously improved.Fine Texture of Material is carried out it has been observed that through supercooling
Spray in the base substrate prepared, phenomenon pockety occur in Ni constituent elements, as shown in Figure 2；By the rolling process to base substrate it
Constituent element distribution is more uniform afterwards, as shown in Figure 3.Counted using Image Pro Plus softwares, statistical result showed：Unit
The contact area of Al, Ni constituent element improves 30% compared with base substrate in volume.Combustion reaction detection is carried out to material to find：By invention institute
The active material of preparation, solid-state reaction initial temperature reduces 40 DEG C compared with cold spraying base substrate；Static firing experiment is measured after rolling
Al-Ni active material burning velocities improve 40% compared with base substrate, can reach 140mm/s, and experimental result discreteness substantially drops
It is low.
Embodiment 2
The implementation be the same as Example 1 of the present embodiment, institute's difference is that the powder accumulation structure all-metal is active
Body of material is Al-Ni-W ternary based metal powder active materials prepared by the cold spraying method of forming；The Al-Ni-W active materials
Component and molar fraction be：Al:Ni:W=2:2:1；Wherein sheath material selects 6063 line aluminium alloys.
Using the technique of multi-pass continuous cold rolling, mill speed is 200mm/s, and every time deflection is 10%, and 6 are carried out altogether
Passage continuous rolling, finish to gauge plate thickness is 1.6mm.Any heat treatment is not done before and after every time rolling.
Implementation result：Add after pack rolling, Al-Ni-W surface of active material flawless and quality are good, and plus bag
The base substrate of set there occurs broken in the operation of rolling.Analysis on Microstructure result shows that W distribution of particles is more uniform, final material
The static firing threshold temperature of material reduces 40 DEG C compared with base substrate, and Combustion velocity improves 20%.
Embodiment 3
The implementation be the same as Example 1 of the present embodiment, institute's difference is that the powder accumulation structure all-metal is active
Body of material is Al-Cu binary based metal powder active materials prepared by the powder explosion method of forming；The Al-Cu active materials
Component and molar fraction are：Al:Cu=1:1；Wherein sheath material is fine copper.
Using the technique of multi-pass continuous cold rolling, roller diameter is 250mm, and mill speed is 400mm/s, every time deformation
Measure as 30%；
Implementation result：It is similar with the result of embodiment 1, after pack rolling, Al-Cu surface of active material flawlesses.It is micro-
See fabric analysis result and show that Al, Cu particle there occurs in violent plastic deformation, unit volume contact surface between Al, Cu constituent element
Product, which is improved up to no between constituent element in 50%, and the operation of rolling, occurs middle combination reaction, rolls rear material igniting threshold of reaction temperature
50 DEG C of degree reduction.
In summary, method of the invention overcomes powder accumulation structure all-metal activity material in conventional powder forming method
Material release can characteristic it is poor, the problem of temperature-room type plasticity deformability is poor and temperature sensitive.It ensure that the preparation of active material block
Efficiency and crudy, improve the contact area of active component in unit volume, reduce the igniting threshold of reaction temperature of material
Spend and improve combustion velocity.It is sheathed with and is scattered and disappeared beneficial to heat in the operation of rolling using aluminium alloy or fine copper simultaneously, is kept away
The appearance of antedating response and safety problem between active component caused by temperature rise is exempted from, it is ensured that the energy of material in use
Release efficiency.In addition, this method process is simple, can be achieved powder accumulation structure all-metal active material at room temperature it is efficient into
Type.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material, it is characterised in that include the step of this method：
Step one, active material base substrate is prepared using powder compacting method；
Step 2, the active material base substrate that step one is prepared is placed in the groove of bottom plate, and the plate shape that then closes the lid is into bag
Set；Active material base substrate and groove coordinate for gap；Cover plate and groove coordinate for gap；
Step 3, the jacket equipped with active material base substrate obtained to step 2 carries out cold-rolling deformation, obtains powder accumulation structure
All-metal active material；
In described step two, jacket includes cover plate and with reeded bottom plate, the length and width of active material base substrate and the length of groove
Wide consistent, the length and width of cover plate are consistent with the length and width of groove, the thickness sum of active material base substrate and cover plate and the depth one of groove
Cause.
2. the preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In rapid one, active material is binary system or ternary system all-metal active material.
3. the preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Binary system
Or ternary system all-metal active material is Al-Ni, Al-Cu or Al-Ni-W etc..
4. the preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In rapid one, powder compacting method is cold spraying shaping or powder explosion moulding process.
5. the preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In rapid one, the raw material of active material base substrate is micro-sized metal powder, and powder diameter is 10-30 μm.
6. the preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In rapid two, the cover plate of jacket is identical with the material of bottom plate, is aluminium alloy or fine copper.
7. the preparation method of powder accumulation structure all-metal active material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In rapid three, the method for cold-rolling deformation is multi-pass continuous cold rolling, and mill speed is 200-500mm/s, and every time deflection is about
Without any heat treatment before and after 10%-30%, one-pass roller.
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| CN109182697A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-11 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of sheet metal surface intensifying method |
| CN109465459A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-03-15 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of novel Ni-Al base all-metal energetic material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112557589A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-03-26 | 北京理工大学 | Method and system for evaluating release characteristics of active fragment coupling energy time-space domain |
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| CN112557589B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-02-25 | 北京理工大学 | Method and system for evaluating release characteristics of active fragment coupling energy time-space domain |
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