CN107303208B - 一种多孔金属棒 - Google Patents
一种多孔金属棒 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107303208B CN107303208B CN201610247514.6A CN201610247514A CN107303208B CN 107303208 B CN107303208 B CN 107303208B CN 201610247514 A CN201610247514 A CN 201610247514A CN 107303208 B CN107303208 B CN 107303208B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于治疗早、中期股骨头坏死的医用植入的多孔金属棒,包括两部分,一部分为圆棒状部分,与其相连的另一部分为螺纹部分,螺纹部分外部具有螺纹,螺纹外径大于圆棒状外径,螺纹部分的端面上有槽口,螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的一段外径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小,降低了螺纹部分与圆棒状部分交界处应力,有助于避免多孔金属棒断裂失效,提高了治疗成功率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及假体领域,具体涉及一种用于治疗早、中期股骨头坏死的医用植入的多孔金属棒。
背景技术
股骨头坏死是由多种原因引起的股骨头血供破坏、骨细胞变性导致骨的活性成分死亡的病理过程。早期主要临床症状是患侧髋关节的慢性疼痛、活动功能障碍及进行性跛行为,如果进一步发展,后期将继发为髋关节骨性关节炎,直至导致关节僵硬,并可引起持续性的关节疼痛,是临床常见的疾病之一。在我国,股骨头坏死人群数量非常庞大,常发于30-50岁青壮年,男性居多,致残率极高,治疗困难,其中约80%的患者会发生股骨头塌陷,5%-12%的患者需行人工全髋关节置换术,不仅会给个人生活和工作造成严重的影响,也会直接或间接地给家人和社会带来沉重的负担。
随着临床检查技术的不断进步,越来越多的早期股骨头坏死患者得以发现,若其早期未进行及时有效的治疗,病变的股骨头将由于骨细胞以及脂肪细胞发生变性或者坏死而坍塌,最终使得髋关节活动功能障碍,此时,人工全髋关节置换手术将会成为患者解除病痛的首要治疗方案,而对于比较年轻的患者来说,人工髋关节的使用年限无疑备受关注,在他们的有生之年极有可能需要进行第二次人工全骸关节置换手术。因此,对于早期发现股骨头坏死并且股骨头尚保持良好形态的的患者来说,及时进行有意义的保髋手术治疗,不仅能都在一定程度上减轻病痛,大大提高生活质量,延缓病情的进一步发展,延迟进行全髋关节置换的时间,甚至还可以避免患者进行全髋关节置换手术。
髓芯减压加自体骨移植术作为一种新型改良保髋手术,主要针对早期股骨头缺血坏死,手术操作相对简单,在临床易广泛开展,但减压后的股骨头内的结构支持不足,有时甚至会加快股骨头的塌陷。因此后来采用了金属植入物,如多孔金属棒,通过在股骨头坏死早期行髓芯减压时的减压通道进行植入,靠周围骨组织生长包裹及长入等方式进行固定,对减压后的股骨头起到了良好的结构性支撑作用,而且棒的多孔结构还可以刺激骨组织修复以及成骨细胞的牢固生长,并使坏死区域再血管化,它为早期的股骨头坏死患者提供了一种新的保髋手术治疗选择,创伤相对较小,延缓病情的进一步发展,延迟进行全髋关节置换的时间,甚至还可以避免患者进行全髋关节置换手术。
发明专利CN 103462730 B 一种多孔钽棒及其应用介绍了一种多孔钽棒,用于治疗早、中期股骨头坏死。该多孔钽棒包括本体,本体由化学气相沉积方法制备的多孔钽制成,本体的一端设置有凹槽,可负载骨髓基质干细胞或骨髓基质干细胞联合生物膜复合体等,有利于新生骨的生成,另一端为螺纹结构,所述螺纹结构末端端面上设置有槽口。
国外的多孔钽金属棒已在国内用于治疗早、中期股骨头坏死。
由于股骨头所受应力不规则且合力方向与身体重心方向成角因而更易导致应力集中,上述的多孔钽金属棒在使用过程中出现断裂现象。而且,还出现了多孔钽棒前端骨组织长入不好的现象,从而影响了治疗效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种植入治疗效果好的用于治疗早、中期股骨头坏死的医用植入的多孔金属棒。
发明人认为已有多孔金属棒结构,其圆棒状部分与螺纹部分的直径相差较大,造成其交界处应力较大;在实际使用中,随着多孔钽棒的推入,很多骨碎片被推到多孔钽棒前端,影响了前端的骨组织长入,由此,为了解决应力问题及避免骨组织长入的影响,本发明提出了如下技术方案:
一种多孔金属棒,包括两部分,一部分为圆棒状部分,与其相连的另一部分为螺纹部分,螺纹部分外部具有螺纹,螺纹外径大于圆棒状外径,螺纹部分的端面上有槽口,螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的一段外径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小,以降低螺纹部分与圆棒状部分的交界处应力,而且还能降低整个金属棒其他部位的应力。
进一步说,所述的多孔金属棒,所述的螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的外径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小的这段长度占螺纹部分总长度的20%-50%为佳。
进一步说,所述的多孔金属棒,其螺纹部分根部直径大于圆棒状部分的直径,螺纹部分靠近圆棒状一段的根部直径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小,以降低螺纹部分与圆棒状部分的交界处应力。
进一步说,所述的多孔金属棒,所述的螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的根部直径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小的这段长度占螺纹部分总长度的20%-50%为佳。
进一步说,所述的多孔金属棒,所述螺纹为圆形螺纹,根部圆角半径大于0.6mm,有助于降低螺纹根部的应力,避免断裂。
进一步说,所述的多孔金属棒,沿着所述多孔金属棒长度方向的中心有贯通孔,孔的直径不小于2mm,即用于安装导向针,又用于注入相关物,也能实现持续减压。
进一步说,所述的多孔金属棒,所述贯通孔在圆棒状部分的端部有一与贯通孔同轴的锥形孔,大端在圆棒状部分的端部,向里逐渐减小,大端直径为圆棒状部分直径的50%-75%,锥形孔长度为大端直径的1-1.5倍,该尺寸的锥形孔可以容纳多孔金属棒推入时孔内的的一些骨碎片,更重要的是,这样的结构可以减少多孔金属棒前端骨碎片对骨组织长入的影响,从而达到更好的植入治疗效果。
进一步说,所述的多孔金属棒,其孔隙率为50%-85%,孔径为100µm-500µm,有利于骨组织长入。
进一步说,所述的多孔金属棒,具有锥形孔部位的圆棒状部分的孔隙率比其他部分小15%-30%,以避免因锥形孔使该部位截面积减小造成的强度明显降低。
进一步说,所述的多孔金属棒,所述多孔金属棒由医用钛及合金、医用铌及合金、医用钽及合金、医用不锈钢、医用钴基合金制备。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明通过使螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的一段外径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小,以及螺纹部分根部直径大于圆棒状部分的直径,螺纹部分靠近圆棒状一段的根部直径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小,降低了螺纹部分与圆棒状部分交界处的应力及整个金属棒其他部位的应力,有助于避免多孔金属棒断裂失效,提高了治疗成功率。
(2)通过使根部圆角半径大于0.6mm,特别有助于降低螺纹根部的应力,有效避免多孔金属棒在螺纹根部断裂。
(3)通过在多孔金属棒长度方向的中心设置贯通孔,便于安装导向针,又可用于注入相关物,也能实现持续减压。
(4)通过使贯通孔在圆棒状部分的端部设置一与贯通孔同轴的锥形孔,可以容纳多孔金属棒推入时孔内的的一些骨碎片,减少多孔金属棒前端骨碎片对骨组织长入的影响,保证了多孔金属棒前端骨组织顺利长入。
(5)使多孔金属棒孔隙率为50%-85%,孔径为100µm-500µm,有利于骨组织长入。
附图说明
下面将结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。
图1为本发明多孔金属棒结构示意图,图2为图1的左视图,图3为螺纹部分螺纹局部剖视图,图4为实施例5的多孔金属棒结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作说明,实施方式以本发明技术方案为前提,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于下述的实施方式。
如图所示,1为圆棒状部分,2为螺纹部分,3为螺纹部分的端面上的槽口,4为螺纹部分外径减小的部分,5为多孔金属棒长度方向的中心的贯通孔,6为贯通孔在圆棒状部分的端部与贯通孔同轴的锥形孔,r为螺纹根部的圆角。
以下详细给出本发明的实施例:
实施例1
将聚乙烯醇、蒸馏水与平均粒径小于5微米、氧含量小于0.1%的钽粉按照重量比7:125:150混合搅拌均匀,制成浆料,选用平均孔径为0.6mm,密度0.022g/cm3多孔聚氨酯泡沫放入浆料,使聚氨酯泡沫孔隙注满钽粉浆料,将聚氨酯泡沫放入真空干燥箱中干燥,干燥温度60℃,干燥时间10小时,真空度保持1Pa。然后通过真空度低于10-4Pa,温度600℃,保温时间120分钟进行脱脂处理,再进行真空烧结,烧结温度2100℃,保温2小时,真空度10-4Pa,烧结过程充氢气保护。制成的多孔钽的孔隙率为50%,孔径大小为100µm -310µm。将该材料进行机械加工,制成所需的多孔钽棒。
该多孔钽棒自螺纹部分端面开始到螺纹部分的80%起使螺纹外径逐渐减小,至螺纹部分结束,外径减小至螺纹外径的80%,即螺纹减小部分长度为螺纹部分长度的20%。螺纹为圆角螺纹,螺纹根部圆角半径为0.7mm。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1相似,不同之处为多孔钽的孔隙率为85%,孔径大小为300µm -500µm,螺纹减小部分长度为螺纹部分长度的50%,螺纹根部圆角半径为0.65mm。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1相似,参照了实施例1的制备方法,不同之处为采用了金属铌制备,螺纹部分根部直径为圆棒状部分的直径的1.2倍,螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的根部直径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小,至螺纹部分与圆棒状交界处减小为圆棒状部分直径的1.05倍,螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的根部直径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小的这段长度占螺纹部分总长度的20%。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例3相似,不同之处为螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的根部直径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小的这段长度占螺纹部分总长度的50%。
实施例5
本实施例多孔金属棒采用了金属钛制备,孔径为200µm-400µm,其他结构参数与实施例1相同,该多孔钛棒长度方向的中心有贯通孔,孔的直径为3mm。贯通孔在圆棒状部分的端部有一与贯通孔同轴的锥形孔,大端在圆棒状部分的端部,大端直径为圆棒状部分直径的50%,锥形孔长度与大端直径数值相同,除锥形孔所在部位以外其他部位的孔隙率为80%,锥形孔所在部位的多孔金属棒的孔隙率比其他部位小15%,为68%。
本实施例的多孔材料制备采用造孔剂法,先制备多孔金属棒的模具,圆棒状部分在模具下部,将粒径5µm的钛粉与粒径为260µm-470µm的乙基纤维素按照体积比为4:17均匀混合后放入模具压实,高度与锥形孔长度相同,然后将粒径5µm的钛粉与粒径为260µm-470µm的乙基纤维素按照体积比为1:4均匀混合后放入模具压实至充满模腔,进而将坯体烧结、加工,制成多孔金属棒。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例5相似,不同之处为采用了CoNiCrMo合金,锥形孔大端直径为圆棒状部分直径的75%,锥形孔长度为大端直径的1.5倍,锥形孔所在部位的多孔金属棒的孔隙率比其他部位小30%,为56%。
Claims (10)
1.一种多孔金属棒,包括两部分,一部分为圆棒状部分,与其相连的另一部分为螺纹部分,其外部具有螺纹,螺纹外径大于圆棒状部分的外径,螺纹部分的端面上有槽口,其特征在于:螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的一段外径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小;沿着所述多孔金属棒长度方向的中心有贯通孔,孔的直径不小于2mm;所述贯通孔在圆棒状部分的端部有一与贯通孔同轴的锥形孔,大端在圆棒状部分的端部,向里逐渐减小,大端直径为圆棒状部分直径的50%-75%,锥形孔长度为大端直径的1-1.5倍。
2.如权利要求1所述的多孔金属棒,其特征在于:所述的螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的外径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小的这段长度占螺纹部分总长度的20%-50%。
3.如权利要求2所述的多孔金属棒,其特征在于:螺纹部分根部直径大于圆棒状部分的直径,螺纹部分靠近圆棒状一段的根部直径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小。
4.如权利要求3所述的多孔金属棒,其特征在于:所述的螺纹部分靠近圆棒状的根部直径向着圆棒状部分逐渐减小的这段长度占螺纹部分总长度的20%-50%。
5.如权利要求2所述的多孔金属棒,其特征在于:所述螺纹为圆形螺纹,根部圆角半径大于0.6mm。
6.如权利要求3所述的多孔金属棒,其特征在于:所述螺纹为圆形螺纹,根部圆角半径大于0.6mm。
7.如权利要求4所述的多孔金属棒,其特征在于:所述螺纹为圆形螺纹,根部圆角半径大于0.6mm。
8.如权利要求1至7任一权利要求所述的多孔金属棒,其特征在于:多孔金属棒的孔隙率为50%-85%,孔径为100µm-500µm。
9.如权利要求8所述的多孔金属棒,其特征在于:具有锥形孔部位的圆棒状部分的孔隙率比其他部分小15%-30%。
10.如权利要求1至7任一权利要求所述的多孔金属棒,其特征在于:所述多孔金属棒由医用钛及合金、医用铌及合金、医用钽及合金、医用不锈钢或医用钴基合金制备。
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