CN107301499A - A kind of distribution feeder statistical line losses rate data cleaning method based on AMI data - Google Patents

A kind of distribution feeder statistical line losses rate data cleaning method based on AMI data Download PDF

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CN107301499A
CN107301499A CN201710395527.2A CN201710395527A CN107301499A CN 107301499 A CN107301499 A CN 107301499A CN 201710395527 A CN201710395527 A CN 201710395527A CN 107301499 A CN107301499 A CN 107301499A
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王守相
董鹏飞
田英杰
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Tianjin University
State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of distribution feeder statistical line losses rate data cleaning method based on AMI data, including：From the AMI extracting datas line characteristics parameter related to distribution feeder line loss, characteristic of transformer parameter and theoretical loss calculation and statistical line losses rate, distribution feeder line loss property data base is built；Missing values and rejecting outliers are carried out to distribution feeder statistical line losses data, all data are divided into data to be cleaned and normal data i.e. training data；The distribution feeder statistical line losses estimation model based on XGBOOST is set up, and model parameter is determined using training data；Data to be cleaned are modified using above-mentioned estimation model.

Description

Distribution feeder statistical line loss rate data cleaning method based on AMI data
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of line loss management of an electric power system.
Background
The line loss rate is a comprehensive technical and economic index reflecting power grid planning design and operation management, and has an important guiding function for grid optimization, energy conservation and loss reduction. The loss of a 10kV medium-voltage power distribution network (namely a power distribution feeder) accounts for 24.7 percent of the total loss of the power distribution network, and the loss accounts for the highest percentage in each voltage class and is a heavy loss layer. Therefore, the research on the data condition of the statistical line loss of the distribution feeder line has important significance for the line loss management of the power system.
By analyzing the statistical line loss of the distribution feeder in AMI data provided at a certain place, the number of samples containing missing values in 44172 data samples is 15283, accounting for 34.6%; the number of samples with outliers was 35378, accounting for 80.1%. Therefore, the data quality of the line loss counted by the power distribution feeder line is very poor, and the phenomena of data loss and data abnormity are serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cleaning method for power distribution feeder line statistical line loss data based on AMI data and theoretical line loss rate influence, aiming at the characteristics of large data size, multiple data types and complex relation among multi-source data of intelligent power distribution and power distribution big data. The technical scheme is as follows:
a distribution feeder statistical line loss rate data cleaning method based on AMI data comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: extracting line characteristic parameters, transformer characteristic parameters, theoretical line loss rate and statistical line loss rate related to the line loss of the distribution feeder from AMI data, and constructing a distribution feeder line loss characteristic database;
step two: carrying out missing value and abnormal value detection on the statistical line loss data of the power distribution feeder line, and dividing all the data into data to be cleaned and normal data, namely training data;
step three: establishing a power distribution feeder statistical line loss estimation model based on XGBOST, and determining model parameters by using training data, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
1) setting an initial estimated value and iteration times of the statistical line loss rate of the distribution feeder, and repeating the following steps from 2) to 4) for each iteration;
2) calculating the first and second derivatives g of the loss functioniAnd hiI.e. by
Wherein y isiAndrespectively counting the actual value of the line loss rate of the ith distribution feeder line and the estimated value of the model in (t-1) iteration;
3) traversing each tree structure by a greedy algorithm to find a tree structure f which minimizes the following objective function Objt(xi) And calculating the optimal weight of each leaf node
Wherein,Ijcounting a line loss example set for the power distribution feeder of the jth leaf node; t is the number of leaf nodes; lambda and gamma are adjustable coefficients;
4) f in the previous stept(xi) Added to the model, i.e.
5) The decision trees established in each iteration are overlapped to obtain an estimation model of the statistical line loss rate of the distribution feeder, namely
Step four: and correcting the data to be cleaned by utilizing the estimation model.
Line characteristic parameters related to line loss of the distribution feeder line comprise line type, total line length, line power supply amount and line commissioning time; transformer parameters related to distribution feeder line loss, including distribution transformer rated capacity, short circuit loss, no-load loss, and commissioning time; the theoretical line loss rate of the distribution feeder is usually calculated by an equivalent resistance method.
The XGB OST algorithm is easy to realize distributed and parallel computation and is suitable for large-scale data sets with various data types and complex data relationships. The XGB OST algorithm is applied to the data cleaning of the distribution feeder line statistical line loss rate based on AMI data, so that the accuracy of data cleaning can be improved, and the data quality can be effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a distribution feeder line loss characteristic database construction.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of XGBOOST based statistical line loss estimation for a distribution feeder.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cleaning process of statistical line loss data of a power distribution feeder based on AMI data, accounting for theoretical line loss rate influence and applying an XGB OST algorithm.
Fig. 4 is an example of a decision tree constructed in the XGBOOST-based statistical line loss estimation model of the distribution feeder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an estimation result of a statistical line loss estimation model of a distribution feeder based on the XGBOOST algorithm on a training set according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a cleaning method for statistical line loss data of a power distribution feeder line, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and extracting line characteristic parameters, transformer characteristic parameters, theoretical line loss rate and statistical line loss rate related to the line loss of the distribution feeder from the AMI data to construct a distribution feeder line loss characteristic database. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) and extracting data. Extracting a distribution feeder (10kV line) line equipment ID, a line equipment name, a date, a line power supply amount, a line loss rate and a theoretical line loss rate from a line statistical line loss database; extracting the line type, the total line length and the line commissioning time from a line parameter table in an equipment ledger database through the line equipment name; and determining the ID of the distribution transformer governed by the distribution feeder line through the line equipment ID, and further extracting the rated capacity, short-circuit loss, no-load loss and commissioning time of the distribution transformer from a distribution transformer parameter table in an equipment ledger database.
2) And constructing a distribution feeder line loss characteristic database. Line loss data, line parameter data and transformer parameter data are counted by associating lines through line equipment ID, commissioning time is converted into month difference from line loss statistics, irrelevant variables are eliminated, and a distribution feeder line loss characteristic database which only contains line types, total line lengths, line commissioning time, line power supply quantity, distribution transformer rated capacity, distribution transformer short circuit loss, distribution transformer no-load loss, distribution transformer commissioning time, statistical line loss rate and ten variables of theoretical line loss rate is constructed.
Step two: and (3) detecting missing values and abnormal values of the statistical line loss data of the power distribution feeder line, and dividing all the data into data to be cleaned and normal data (namely training data).
Step three: and establishing a power distribution feeder line statistical line loss estimation model based on XGBOST, and determining model parameters by using training data. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) and optimally selecting model parameters. All training data is used as input to the XGBOOST model to optimize its parameters. Firstly, determining a learning rate and the optimal number of decision trees by a cross validation mode according to initial parameters, wherein nrounds is corresponding to eta, and the smaller eta can improve the robustness of the model, but the nrounds is increased to influence the calculation speed of the model; secondly, for given eta and nrounds, the values of max _ depth, min _ child _ weight, gamma, subsample and colsample _ byte are sequentially determined, and the reasonable values of the parameters can increase the robustness of the model and prevent over-fitting and under-fitting; and thirdly, optimizing regular parameters, and effectively preventing overfitting due to the complexity of the lambda parameter characterization model. The main parameters of the XGBOOST model are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
2) And (5) training and verifying the model. All training data are randomly divided into a training set (accounting for 80%) and a testing set (accounting for 20%), the training set is used for training the model under the optimized model parameters, the structures of all decision trees (126 in this example) are further determined, and the model is verified in the testing set. The invention measures the accuracy of the model by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), namely
FIG. 4 shows an example of a decision tree in a model, where the boxes represent non-leaf nodes, and each non-leaf node can be divided according to a certain feature parameter, and all feature parameters and their simplified representations are shown in Table 2. Each node also comprises Gain and Cover information, wherein the Gain value is the basis for dividing the node and is similar to the information Gain in the traditional decision tree model; cover represents the number of samples a node contains.
TABLE 2
Fig. 5 is an estimation result of the power distribution feeder statistical line loss estimation model based on the XGBOOST algorithm on the training set, in order to facilitate observation of the fitting effect of the model, the samples are renumbered according to the order of increasing the actual value of the statistical line loss rate, and the relationship between the actual value and the estimated value is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the algorithm can effectively fit the actual value of the statistical line loss, and meanwhile, the RMSE of the model is 0.508, so that the estimation accuracy is high.
Step four: and correcting the data to be cleaned by utilizing the estimation model. And extracting characteristic parameters related to the data to be cleaned from the distribution feeder line loss characteristic database, and correcting the data to be cleaned by taking the characteristic parameters as input of a XGB OST-based distribution feeder line statistical line loss estimation model. Table 3 shows the original statistical line loss values and the corrected values of a part of the data to be cleaned.
TABLE 3

Claims (2)

1. A distribution feeder statistical line loss rate data cleaning method based on AMI data comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: extracting line characteristic parameters, transformer characteristic parameters, theoretical line loss rate and statistical line loss rate related to the line loss of the distribution feeder from AMI data, and constructing a distribution feeder line loss characteristic database;
step two: carrying out missing value and abnormal value detection on the statistical line loss data of the power distribution feeder line, and dividing all the data into data to be cleaned and normal data, namely training data;
step three: establishing a power distribution feeder statistical line loss estimation model based on XGBOST, and determining model parameters by using training data, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
1) setting an initial estimated value and iteration times of the statistical line loss rate of the distribution feeder, and repeating the following steps from 2) to 4) for each iteration;
2) calculating the first and second derivatives g of the loss functioniAnd hiI.e. by
<mrow> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>&amp;part;</mo> <msup> <mover> <mi>y</mi> <mo>^</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </msub> <mi>l</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mover> <mi>y</mi> <mo>^</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
<mrow> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&amp;part;</mo> <msup> <mover> <mi>y</mi> <mo>^</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mi>l</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mover> <mi>y</mi> <mo>^</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Wherein y isiAndrespectively counting the actual value of the line loss rate of the ith distribution feeder line and the estimated value of the model in (t-1) iteration;
3) traversing each tree structure by a greedy algorithm to find a tree structure f which minimizes the following objective function Objt(xi) And calculating the optimal weight of each leaf node
<mrow> <mi>O</mi> <mi>b</mi> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </munderover> <mfrac> <msubsup> <mi>G</mi> <mi>j</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&amp;gamma;</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow>
<mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mi>j</mi> <mo>*</mo> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&amp;lambda;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>
Wherein,Ijcounting a line loss example set for the power distribution feeder of the jth leaf node; t is the number of leaf nodes; lambda and gamma are adjustable coefficients;
4) f in the previous stept(xi) Added to the model, i.e.
5) The decision trees established in each iteration are overlapped to obtain an estimation model of the statistical line loss rate of the distribution feeder, namely
Step four: and correcting the data to be cleaned by utilizing the estimation model.
2. The cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the line characteristic parameters related to the line loss of the distribution feeder line include a line type, a total line length, a line power supply amount and a line commissioning time; transformer parameters related to distribution feeder line loss, including distribution transformer rated capacity, short circuit loss, no-load loss, and commissioning time; the theoretical line loss rate of the distribution feeder is usually calculated by an equivalent resistance method.
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