CN107300365A - High precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor - Google Patents
High precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107300365A CN107300365A CN201710697536.7A CN201710697536A CN107300365A CN 107300365 A CN107300365 A CN 107300365A CN 201710697536 A CN201710697536 A CN 201710697536A CN 107300365 A CN107300365 A CN 107300365A
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- grating
- optical fiber
- bragg grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, including：Optical fiber, its surface has polyimide coating layer, and the fibre core of the optical fiber is provided with carves the grating that grid are made by femtosecond laser, and the optical fiber at the grating two ends is weldingly fixed on two pedestals of the elastomer through low-melting glass solder respectively.Due to having the optical fiber of polyimide coating layer using surface, grating on optical fiber is carved grid by femtosecond laser and is made, and the optical fiber at grating two ends is to be welded on by low-melting glass solder on two pedestals, so that the tensile strength of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor formed is higher, monitoring accuracy is improved to three times of existing same type of sensor, meets the requirement of the highly sensitive big strain monitoring scope of high accuracy in engineer applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to strain transducer field, more particularly to a kind of high precision and high sensitivity fiber grating strain sensor
Device.
Background technology
In recent years, with optical fiber sensing technology develop rapidly and field of civil engineering is to the fast of monitoring structural health conditions demand
Speed increases, and fiber-optic grating sensor increasingly shows it in field of civil engineering compared to traditional mechanical electronic mode sensor
Advantage.And it is the important indicator for characterizing engineering structure safety to strain, by analyzing structural strain, structure can be obtained
The information such as dangerouse cross-section and degree of fatigue, and the life-span of structure can be estimated.
Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor due to its intrinsic safety, Wavelength-encoding, light structure, corrosion-resistant, electromagnetism interference,
The outstanding advantages such as networking convenience, long-range real time on-line monitoring are widely applied.
Most of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is all that make use of the emergent property of fiber grating in itself, i.e., grating is carried out
Stretching or extruding cause screen periods to change, and the elasto-optical effect that optical fiber has in itself is so that effective refractive index is also with outer
The change of boundary's stress state and change.The sensitivity of the emergent property of fiber grating in itself, i.e. 1.2 μ ε/pm, if fiber grating solution
The precision for adjusting instrument is 3pm, removes sensor error, then the error of a whole set of sensor-based system is about 3.6 μ ε, to strain precision
It is required that higher occasion can not then meet its detection requirement.
For the application of the healthy strain monitoring of engineering structure, the encapsulating structure of current fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is such as
(11 be sensor fixed position in Fig. 1, and 12 be fibre-optic package position, and 13 be bare fibre, and 14 be acrylate-coated shown in Fig. 1
Layer optical fiber, 15 be sensor elastomer).
Using common acrylate coat optical fiber, as shown in Figure 2 (21 be Bragg gratings in Fig. 2, and 22 be fiber core,
23 be covering, and 24 be mechanical crackle, and 25 be acrylate-coated layer, and A is incident light, and B penetrates light to return), due to existing quarter grid skill
Have to divest acrylate-coated layer at the grid region of art limitation grating, it is naked grating to cause at grating, and passes through epoxy resin
The mode of glue sticking, the optical fiber at grating two ends is fixed on elastomer, the optical fiber fixed position point and sensor at grating two ends
Fixed position during use is that the ratio of gauge length is almost 1:1.The resolution ratio of the sensor of this structure is naked grating
The μ ε of resolution ratio 1.2/pm, due to the linear expansion coefficient of metal material using ordinary optic fibre grating and sensor elastomer
Limitation make it that its enhanced sensitivity, usual range can not be used in outdoor environment for the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of ± 3000 microstrains
When, due to the thermal coefficient of expansion of measured material, cause actual measurement range in ± 4000 microstrains or so, be normal light
The limit of grid carrying, its encapsulating structure, which has largely been only served, protects grating not damage and effect easy for installation.
This μ ε of resolution ratio 1.2/pm sensors are superimposed with the error that the error of sensor in itself is demodulated with instrument again, typically
Substantial measurement errors are in ± 5pm or so when in use for sensor, in some places higher to required precision, it is difficult to meet need
Ask.
The content of the invention
Based on the problems of prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high precision and high sensitivity fiber grating
Strain transducer and preparation method thereof, its measurement accuracy improves three times, and strain monitoring scope reaches ± 3000 μ ε, and can lift biography
The tensile strength of sensor.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
Embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of high precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, including：
Optical fiber, its surface has polyimide coating layer, and the fibre core of the optical fiber is provided with carves what grid were made by femtosecond laser
Grating, the optical fiber at the grating two ends is weldingly fixed on two pedestals of the elastomer through low-melting glass solder respectively.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, high precision and high sensitivity light provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Fiber grating strain transducer, its advantage is：
Due to having the grating on the optical fiber of polyimide coating layer, optical fiber to be to carve grid system by femtosecond laser using surface
Into, and the optical fiber at grating two ends is to be welded on by low-melting glass solder on two pedestals so that the fiber grating of formation should
The tensile strength for becoming sensor is higher, and monitoring accuracy is improved to three times of existing same type of sensor, meets high in engineer applied
The requirement of the highly sensitive big strain monitoring scope of precision.And due to having used low-melting glass solder to weld, can in packaging technology
Directly by metal pipe sleeve and optical fiber seal, without optical fiber surface is metallized, wellability is good, can reach level Hermetic Package；Change
Stablize preferable, and noresidue after gas, sealing is not produced during sealing；Hermetic seal temperature is than relatively low, sealing temperature model
Enclose for 330 DEG C~380 DEG C, it is easy to operate；Strong applicability, relatively conventional encapsulation, the component life after being encapsulated using the product is long.
The packaging technology of more conventional epoxide-resin glue, fiber grating is welded by low-melting glass, and contact point stability is good, eliminates compacted
Become the drift of the wavelength zero point caused.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, being used required in being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
The encapsulating structure schematic diagram for the existing fiber grating strain transducer that Fig. 1 provides for prior art；
The optical fiber grating structure schematic diagram for the acrylate-coated layer that Fig. 2 provides for prior art；
Fig. 3 is the overall structure diagram of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that femtosecond laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention carves grid, polyimide coating layer optical fiber grating structure schematic diagram；
In Fig. 1：11- sensors fixed position；12- fibre-optic packages position；13- bare fibres；14- acrylate-coateds layer light
It is fine；15- sensor elastomers；
In Fig. 2：21-Bragg gratings；22- fiber cores；23- coverings；24- mechanical crackles；25- acrylate-coateds layer；
A- incident lights；B-, which is returned, penetrates light；
In Fig. 3：31- femtosecond lasers carve the grating of the polyimide coating layer of grid；32- elastomers；33- low-melting glasses are welded
Contact；34- pedestals；
In Fig. 4：41- femtosecond lasers carve the Bragg gratings of grid；42- fiber cores；43- coverings；44- polyimide coatings
Layer；C- incident lights；D-, which is returned, penetrates light.
Embodiment
With reference to the particular content of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely retouched
State, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the present invention
Embodiment, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made,
Belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 3,4, embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of high precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, bag
Include：
Optical fiber, its surface is provided with polyimide coating layer, and the fibre core of the optical fiber is provided with carves what grid were made by femtosecond laser
Grating, the optical fiber at the grating two ends is weldingly fixed on two pedestals of the elastomer through low-melting glass solder respectively.
In above-mentioned strain transducer, elastomer uses elastic alloy body, and tensile strength is not under the normal temperature of the elastic alloy body
Less than 1225Mpa, elongation percentage is not less than 5%；
Two pedestals are bolted on to be formed on the elastomer in above-mentioned strain transducer, in the present invention and in advance should
Power structure, can be previously applied prestressing force, and then realize that the negative of the strain transducer should by adjustment bolt to the grating on pedestal
Become monitoring function.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of high precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, bag
Include：
Grating is made on fiber core of the surface provided with polyimide coating layer by femtosecond laser quarter grid, eutectic is utilized
The optical fiber at grating two ends is respectively welded on two pedestals by point glass solder, and two pedestals and optical fiber are placed on into elastomer
On, two pedestals are screwed on pedestal respectively；
One section of optical fiber is connected to the lower wavelength values of normal temperature static state and record are read on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, pass through torsion
Move the screw of one of pedestal to adjust prestretching, see that wavelength data is adjusted to increase 3nm in regulation, with screw thread glue fixed pedestal
Screw；
Said structure is integrally put into incubator and carries out aging, then fiber grating strain sensor is fabricated to according to technological process
Device.
The embodiment of the present invention is specifically described in further detail below.
As shown in Figure 3,4, the label 31 in Fig. 3 is the grating for the polyimide coating layer that femtosecond laser carves grid, and 32 be bullet
Property body, 33 be low-melting glass pad, 34 be pedestal；Label 41 in Fig. 4 carves the Bragg gratings of grid, 42 for femtosecond laser
It is covering for fiber core, 43,44 be polyimide coating layer, and C is incident light, and D penetrates light to return.The fiber grating strain sensor
In device, using femtosecond laser quarter grid and the fiber grating with polyimide coating layer, the tensile strength of sensor is improved, is improved
The practicality of strain monitoring in engineering structure health monitoring；Using unique strain sensitization encapsulating structure so that fiber grating should
Become sensor accuracy class and improve three times, strain monitoring scope extends to ± 3000 μ ε.The fiber grating strain sensor of the present invention
Big strain ability to bear of the device due to ensure that enclosed chip and packaging plastic, its measurement range is that ± 3000 μ ε can meet big answer
The requirement of variable sensing.
In the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, pedestal, elastomeric material select elastic alloy, with high modulus of elasticity,
High intensity, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, nonmagnetic, modulus of elasticity is basically unchanged in certain temperature range, and the coefficient of expansion is small, quality
The characteristics such as factor height.Tensile strength is not less than 1225Mpa under normal temperature, and elongation percentage is not less than 5%.
The advantage for producing variations in refractive index inscription fiber grating using femto-second laser pulse induction optical fiber fibre core is：Femtosecond
The nonlinear optical effect of laser produces extremely stable non-erasable grating and is used as senser element；To 1000 degrees Celsius of pole
Hold stability；Through coat direct write, retain the more preferable mechanical strength of optical fiber, retain the excellent properties of special coat, it is remote high
In the conventional mechanical strength for peeling off-being coated with method fiber grating.
Using the optical fiber with polyimide coating layer, because polyimides is a class exotic material, with high
The performances such as heat resistance, excellent chemical stability, good electrical insulating property and high mechanical properties, can guarantee that in low-melting glass
Coat will not be burned under 270 DEG C of welding temperatures.
The low-melting glass used in the present invention is can be directly by metal in a kind of low temperature sealing glass solder, packaging technology
Pipe sleeve and optical fiber seal, without optical fiber surface is metallized, wellability is good, can reach level Hermetic Package；Chemically stable is preferable,
Noresidue after gas, sealing is not produced during sealing；Hermetic seal temperature than relatively low, sealing temperature scope is 330 DEG C~
380 DEG C, it is easy to operate；Strong applicability, relatively conventional encapsulation, the component life after being encapsulated using the product is long.More conventional epoxy
The packaging technology of resin glue, fiber grating is welded by low-melting glass, and contact point stability is good, eliminates the ripple that creep is caused
The drift of long zero point.
The strain transducer of the present invention is during packaged fiber grating, first, using low-melting glass solder by two
Individual pedestal is welded on femtosecond laser and carves grid, the grating two ends of polyimide coating layer；Secondly, by packaged pedestal and grating one
Rise and be positioned on elastomer, pedestal is fixed using screw in the back side；Again, by optical fiber one section be connected on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator
Read the wavelength values and record under normal temperature static state；Finally, prestretching is adjusted by twisting the screw of one of pedestal behind,
See that wavelength data is adjusted to increase 3nm or so in regulation, put screw thread glue fixed screw.Entirety is put into incubator and carries out aging, then
Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is fabricated to according to technological process.
Using this wavelength after prestretching as zero point wavelength, when fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is axially compressed, pass
Wavelength change can be sent to (FBG) demodulator and be scaled negative strain automatically by sensor；When fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is by axial tension
When, wavelength change can be sent to (FBG) demodulator and be scaled normal strain automatically by sensor.
The problem of null offset is solved due to low-melting glass welding；Femtosecond laser carves grid, polyimide coating layer light
Grid have very high tensile strength；On the premise of gauge length is constant, shorten the distance of grating two ends fixing point so that fiber grating should
The sensitivity for becoming sensor brings up to 0.4 μ ε/pm by original 1.2 μ ε/pm, engineer applied strain monitoring range by it is original ±
1500 μ ε expand to ± 3000 μ ε.
In laboratory, the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of the present invention is placed on demarcation frame and carries out calibration experiment, optical fiber
Grating strain transducer strain measurement scope is ± 3000 μ ε, meets the need of the big strain structure health monitoring of engineering structure health
Ask；Wavelength variable quantity is 3nm, and femtosecond laser carves grid, the grating of polyimide coating layer is bearing so big wavelength variable quantity；
Precision is 1%F.S, and monitoring should be changed to accurately.
The fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of the present invention, has the advantages that：
Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor carves grid, polyimide coating layer grating, low smelting point glass using femtosecond laser
Welding technique so that the tensile strength of the strain transducer is higher, monitoring accuracy is improved to original three times, and meeting engineering should
With the requirement of the highly sensitive big strain monitoring scope of middle high accuracy.Welded using low-melting glass solder, can be direct in packaging technology
By metal pipe sleeve and optical fiber seal, without optical fiber surface is metallized, wellability is good, can reach level Hermetic Package；It is chemical steady
It is fixed preferable, noresidue after gas, sealing is not produced during sealing；Hermetic seal temperature is than relatively low, and sealing temperature scope is
330 DEG C~380 DEG C, it is easy to operate；Strong applicability, relatively conventional encapsulation, the component life after being encapsulated using the product is long.It is more normal
The packaging technology of epoxide-resin glue is advised, fiber grating is welded by low-melting glass, and contact point stability is good, eliminates creep and makes
Into wavelength zero point drift.The tensile strength of sensor is improved, the reality of strain monitoring in engineering structure health monitoring is improved
The property used；Using specific strain sensitization encapsulating structure so that fiber Bragg grating strain sensor measurement accuracy improves three times, strain prison
Survey scope and extend to ± 3000 μ ε.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Enclose and be defined.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of high precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, it is characterised in that including：
Optical fiber, its surface has polyimide coating layer, and the fibre core of the optical fiber is provided with carves the grating that grid are made by femtosecond laser,
The optical fiber at the grating two ends is weldingly fixed on two pedestals of the elastomer through low-melting glass solder respectively.
2. high precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the elasticity
Body uses tensile strength under elastic alloy body, the normal temperature of the elastic alloy body to be not less than 1225Mpa, and elongation percentage is not less than 5%；
Two pedestals use tensile strength under elastic alloy pedestal, the normal temperature of each elastic alloy pedestal to be not less than 1225Mpa, prolong
Rate is stretched not less than 5%.
3. high precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described
Two pedestals are bolted on the elastomer and form prestressed structure.
4. high precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that should answer
Become the strain monitoring scope of sensor into ± 3000 μ ε.
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| CN201710697536.7A CN107300365A (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2017-08-15 | High precision and high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating strain sensor |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110161281A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | A kind of Optical-Fiber Flowing Rate Sensor |
| CN110749952A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for preparing fiber grating array optical cable for positioning and measuring speed of high-speed magnetic suspension train |
| CN112697255A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-23 | 西北大学 | Acceleration detector based on optical fiber without glue seal |
| CN114486021A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-05-13 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Tailfiber-free optical fiber intelligent bolt and state monitoring method |
| CN114623918A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-14 | 浙江大学 | Low-pass filtering fiber grating hydrophone adopting tensile coating for sensitization |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110161281A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | A kind of Optical-Fiber Flowing Rate Sensor |
| CN110749952A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for preparing fiber grating array optical cable for positioning and measuring speed of high-speed magnetic suspension train |
| CN112697255A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-23 | 西北大学 | Acceleration detector based on optical fiber without glue seal |
| CN114623918A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-14 | 浙江大学 | Low-pass filtering fiber grating hydrophone adopting tensile coating for sensitization |
| CN114486021A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-05-13 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Tailfiber-free optical fiber intelligent bolt and state monitoring method |
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