CN107299380A - A kind of preparation method of Ni W Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloys - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of Ni W Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloys Download PDFInfo
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
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- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of Ni W Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloys, comprise the following steps：1）Prepare Ni W Cu electrolyte；2）The pretreatment of nano-ceramic particle；3）The nano-ceramic particle that step 2 is obtained is scattered in Ni W Cu electrolyte prepared by step 1, obtains Ni W Cu/ nano ceramics electrolyte；4）Plating piece is put in Ni W Cu/ nano ceramics electrolyte prepared by step 3, using double-current cycle step method carry out electro-deposition, after the completion of take out plating piece, rinse well, dry naturally.A kind of preparation method for Ni W Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloys that the present invention is provided, gained corrosion resistance of coating, wearability is good, and nano-particle is uniformly dispersed, and alloy grain is thinner, is multi-layer compound structure, with potential application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of nano composite multiple layer alloy, and in particular to a kind of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics
The preparation method of multilayer alloy, belongs to composite deposite preparing technical field.
Background technology
The corrosion or abrasion of material mostly occur in surface, using effective preventive means, can reduce corrosion and abrasion is led
The massive losses of cause.Coating technology is high-quality, efficient surfacecti proteon means, is simple and convenient to operate due to its equipment, speed
Hurry up, temperature is low, it is cheap, easily controllable the advantages of, improving the anti-corrosion, wear-resisting of material, obtain in terms of antioxygenic property
Extensive use.Nickel coating has good corrosion resistance and mechanical property, there is extensive purposes.But with manufacturing technology
Development, the variation of parts use condition and the high standardization of performance requirement, single nickel coating can not meet use requirement.
It is combined by microstructure design with nanometer technology, prepares nano ceramics composite layered structure alloy, is not only expected to improve and closes
The hardness and wearability of gold, the superior performance not having with more many single structure coating, in extra large work machinery, oil
Work is protected and there is huge application prospect in precision manufactureing field.Ni-W-Cu alloys are a kind of novel alloys, on copper in Ni-W
The relevant report of effect in alloy is few, and does not have big improvement in performance, by compound with nano ceramics, realizes multilayer knot
The preparation of structure, is the effective way for improving its barrier propterty using without phosphorus technique.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of preparation side of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloy
Method, the method can prepare corrosion resistance and all good nano composite multiple layer coating of wearability.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of preparation method of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloy, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, Ni-W-Cu electrolyte is prepared；
Step 2, the pretreatment of nano-ceramic particle；
Step 3, the nano-ceramic particle that step 2 is obtained is scattered in Ni-W-Cu electrolyte prepared by step 1, obtained
Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics electrolyte；
Step 4, plating piece is put in Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics electrolyte prepared by step 3, rank is circulated using double-current
Jump method carry out electro-deposition, after the completion of take out plating piece, rinse well, dry naturally.
The preparation method of Ni-W-Cu electrolyte is in step 1：By 50~100g/L of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, six water nickel chlorides 10
~30g/L, 10~50g/L of copper sulphate, 10~40g/L of sodium tungstate, 5~15g/L of citric acid, 15~40g of boric acid, dodecyl sulphur
Sour 0.1~1g/L of sodium, N- (3- sulfopropyls) 0.1~0.3g/L of pyridinium inner salt is well mixed, and pH value is adjusted with sodium hydroxide solution
For 8~9, Ni-W-Cu electrolyte is obtained.
The preprocess method of nano-ceramic particle includes in step 2：Take the Al that 100g particle diameters are 2~100nm2O3Or TiC receives
Rice ceramic particle is mixed with 50~100g water, is tuned into pasty state, is added 2~20g cationic surfactants, is ground in ball mill
Mill 20~60 minutes, discharging, obtains pretreated Al2O3Or TiC nano-ceramic particles.
The cationic surfactant is benzyltriethylammoinium chloride or hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride or hexadecane
Base trimethylammonium bromide or DTAB or DTAC or N, N, N- trimethyl -1- ten
One or more in tetraalkyl ammonium bromide.
Zirconium oxide abrasive ball is used in the ball mill.
By pretreated Al2O3Or TiC nano-ceramic particles add Ni-W-Cu electrolyte with 0.1~5wt.% ratio
In, 20~40min of ultrasonic disperse after 0.5~2h of mechanical agitation obtains nano-ceramic particle and is in the scattered, Ni- of suspended state
W-Cu/ nano ceramics electrolyte.
Double-current cycle step method includes in step 4：Using nickel plate as anode, steel plate or copper sheet are negative electrode, are kept stirring for speed
45~60 DEG C of rate 180~480rpm, Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics electrolyte temperature, first in current density i1Lower sedimentation time t1,
Then in current density i2Lower sedimentation time t2, complete first deposition cycle, N=1；Then again in current density i1Lower deposition
Time t1, current density i2Lower sedimentation time t2, complete second deposition cycle, N=2；Above deposition process is repeated, to deposition
Periodicity is N, wherein：i1=5~8A/dm2, t1=1~5min；i2=1~4A/dm2, t2=1~5min；N=5~100.
The present invention is first by nickel sulfate hexahydrate, six water nickel chlorides, copper sulphate, sodium tungstate, citric acid, boric acid, dodecyl
Sodium sulfonate, N- (3- sulfopropyls) pyridinium inner salt is well mixed, and prepares Ni-W-Cu electrolyte；Again by Al2O3Or TiC nano ceramics
The cationic surfactant such as grain and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is ground in ball mill, obtains pretreated nanometer pottery
Porcelain particle；Then the Ni-W-Cu electrolyte of preparation is subjected to mechanical agitation and ultrasonic disperse again, rank is finally circulated using double-current
Jump method carries out electro-deposition, and final coating is made.Nano-ceramic particle of the present invention uses preceding and DTAB, ten
Six alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides etc. not only increase its dispersibility after being ground in ball mill, and also enhance it to negative electrode
The ability of migration, is more easy to realize co-deposition, obtains coating for sandwich construction, nano-particle is uniformly dispersed, and alloy grain is thinner, resistance to
Corrosion, anti-wear performance is good, with potential application prospect.
The present invention is using nickel as matrix metal, by adding tungsten and copper for alloy, then composite nano-ceramic particle preparation
Alloy composite coating, can prepare properties more excellent nano-composite plate.The mechanical property of composite deposite depends on plating
The deposition and the crystallite dimension of matrix metal of layer endoparticle, while being influenceed by alloy structure and composition.The present invention is by receiving
Rice ceramic particle it is compound, while depositing multilayer alloy, one side nano-ceramic particle using double-current cycle step method
The compound hardness and wearability for not only increasing alloy, while prepared multilayer alloy have it is many more excellent than single layer alloy
Performance more.Present invention optimization determines current density and sedimentation time parameter, electricity in double-current cycle step deposition process
The parameter such as formula of liquid and depositing temperature, agitating mode, pH value is solved, nano-ceramic particle is dispersed in alloy bulk, passes through
Control electric current density and sedimentation time regulate and control every thickness degree of multilayer alloy, make that every layer of thickness is moderate, and alloy grain is thinner,
Corrosion resistance, anti-wear performance is good.
Beneficial effect：
The present invention effectively enhances nano composite multiple layer alloy property.One is to use Ni-W-Cu electrolyte systems, body series
Middle Cu addition further makes alloy amorphousization, improves the corrosion resistance and heat endurance of alloy, and the addition of nano ceramics is improved
The hardness and wearability of alloy, body series are a brand-new Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics compound systems, with excellent thing
Change performance；Two be to employ double-current cycle step method to carry out electro-deposition, and its advantage is：1) sandwich construction can be obtained；2) every layer
Thickness can be regulated and controled by deposition current and sedimentation time；3) a variety of different structures and the alloy of performance can be prepared.Three are
The present invention is pre-processed to nano-ceramic particle, using cationic surfactant, passes through emulsification and height in grinder
Shearing force, substantially increases the dispersiveness of ion, and on the other hand, nano-ceramic particle particle obtains the positive electricity of part
Lotus, under electric field action, enhances its ability to cathodic migration, makes it scattered evenly, is more easy to realize co-deposition.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below.
Embodiment 1
By nickel sulfate hexahydrate 60g/L, six water nickel chloride 20g/L, copper sulphate 20g/L, sodium tungstate 20g/L, citric acid 5g/L,
Boric acid 35g, dodecyl sodium sulfate 0.1g/L, N- (3- sulfopropyls) pyridinium inner salt 0.1g/L are well mixed, molten with sodium hydroxide
Liquid regulation pH value is 8, and mechanical agitation 30 minutes obtains Ni-W-Cu electrolyte.
Take the Al that 100g particle diameters are 2nm2O3Nano particle is mixed with 50g water, is tuned into pasty state, adds 2g N, N, N- front threes
Base -1- Tetra-n-decylammonium bromides, grind 20 minutes in the ball mill using zirconium oxide abrasive ball, and discharging obtains preprocessed
Al2O3Nano particle.
By pretreated Al2O3In nano particle, the Ni-W-Cu electrolyte that above-mentioned preparation is added with 5wt.% ratio,
Mechanical agitation 0.5h, ultrasonic disperse 20min, obtain the Ni-W-Cu/ nanometers pottery that nano-ceramic particle is in scattered, suspended state
Porcelain electrolyte.
Using nickel plate as anode, steel plate is negative electrode, is kept stirring for speed 360rpm, 60 DEG C of electrolyte temperature, double-current circulation
The parameter of electrodeposition process is：i1=5A/dm2, t1=5min；i2=4A/dm2, t2=4min；N=5.Plating piece is finally taken out, water is used
Rinse well, dry naturally, that is, obtain Ni-W-Cu/Al2O3Nano ceramics multilayer alloy.
Embodiment 2
By nickel sulfate hexahydrate 100g/L, six water nickel chloride 10g/L, copper sulphate 30g/L, sodium tungstate 30g/L, citric acid 10g/
L, boric acid 35g, dodecyl sodium sulfate 0.3g/L, N- (3- sulfopropyls) pyridinium inner salt 0.2g/L are well mixed, and use sodium hydroxide
Solution regulation pH value is 8.5, and mechanical agitation 45 minutes obtains Ni-W-Cu electrolyte.
The TiC nano particles for taking 100g particle diameters to be 20nm are mixed with 75g water, are tuned into pasty state, add 6g dodecyls three
Ammonio methacrylate, grinds 60 minutes in the ball mill using zirconium oxide abrasive ball, and discharging obtains pretreated TiC nanometers
Particle.
By pretreated TiC nano particles, in the Ni-W-Cu electrolyte that above-mentioned preparation is added with 3wt.% ratio,
Mechanical agitation 1h, ultrasonic disperse 30min, obtain nano-ceramic particle and are in scattered, the Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics of suspended state
Electrolyte.
Using nickel plate as anode, copper sheet is negative electrode, is kept stirring for speed 180rpm, 50 DEG C of electrolyte temperature, double-current circulation
The parameter of electrodeposition process is：i1=6A/dm2, t1=4min；i2=2A/dm2, t2=3min；N=20.Plating piece is finally taken out, is used
Water is rinsed well, is dried naturally, that is, obtains Ni-W-Cu/TiC nano ceramics multilayer alloys.
Embodiment 3
By nickel sulfate hexahydrate 50g/L, six water nickel chloride 30g/L, copper sulphate 40g/L, sodium tungstate 40g/L, citric acid 15g/
L, boric acid 35g, dodecyl sodium sulfate 0.7g/L, N- (3- sulfopropyls) pyridinium inner salt 0.3g/L are well mixed, and use sodium hydroxide
Solution regulation pH value is 9, and mechanical agitation 60 minutes obtains Ni-W-Cu electrolyte.
Take the Al that 100g particle diameters are 40nm2O3Nano particle is mixed with 100g water, is tuned into pasty state, adds 10g dodecyls
Trimethylammonium bromide, grinds 50 minutes in the ball mill using zirconium oxide abrasive ball, and discharging obtains pretreated Al2O3Receive
Rice grain.
By the Al of pretreatment2O3In nano particle, the Ni-W-Cu electrolyte that above-mentioned preparation is added with 2wt.% ratio, machine
Tool stirs 1.5h, ultrasonic disperse 40min, obtains nano-ceramic particle and is in scattered, the Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics of suspended state
Electrolyte.
Using nickel plate as anode, steel plate is negative electrode, is kept stirring for speed 270rpm, 55 DEG C of electrolyte temperature, double-current circulation
The parameter of electrodeposition process is：i1=7A/dm2, t1=3min；i2=3A/dm2, t2=5min；N=40.Plating piece is finally taken out, is used
Water is rinsed well, is dried naturally, that is, obtains Ni-W-Cu/Al2O3Nano ceramics multilayer alloy.
Embodiment 4
By nickel sulfate hexahydrate 80g/L, six water nickel chloride 15g/L, copper sulphate 50g/L, sodium tungstate 10g/L, citric acid 5g/L,
Boric acid 35g, dodecyl sodium sulfate 0.9g/L, N- (3- sulfopropyls) pyridinium inner salt 0.15g/L are well mixed, molten with sodium hydroxide
Liquid regulation pH value is 8, and mechanical agitation 30 minutes obtains Ni-W-Cu electrolyte.
The TiC nano particles for taking 100g particle diameters to be 60nm are mixed with 50g water, are tuned into pasty state, add 14g cetyls three
Methyl bromide ammonium, grinds 40 minutes in the ball mill using zirconium oxide abrasive ball, and discharging obtains pretreated TiC nanometers
Particle.
By pretreated TiC nano particles, in the Ni-W-Cu electrolyte that above-mentioned preparation is added with 1wt.% ratio,
Mechanical agitation 2h, ultrasonic disperse 20min, obtain nano-ceramic particle and are in scattered, the Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics of suspended state
Electrolyte.
Using nickel plate as anode, copper sheet is negative electrode, is kept stirring for speed 480rpm, 50 DEG C of electrolyte temperature, double-current circulation
The parameter of electrodeposition process is：i1=8A/dm2, t1=2min；i2=4A/dm2, t2=2min；N=60.Plating piece is finally taken out, is used
Water is rinsed well, is dried naturally, that is, obtains Ni-W-Cu/TiC nano ceramics multilayer alloys.
Embodiment 5
By nickel sulfate hexahydrate 90g/L, six water nickel chloride 10g/L, copper sulphate 35g/L, sodium tungstate 15g/L, citric acid 10g/
L, boric acid 15g, dodecyl sodium sulfate 1g/L, N- (3- sulfopropyls) pyridinium inner salt 0.25g/L are well mixed, molten with sodium hydroxide
Liquid regulation pH value is 8.5, and mechanical agitation 45 minutes obtains Ni-W-Cu electrolyte.
Take the Al that 100g particle diameters are 80nm2O3Nano particle is mixed with 75g water, is tuned into pasty state, adds 16g cetyls
Trimethyl ammonium chloride, grinds 30 minutes in the ball mill using zirconium oxide abrasive ball, and discharging obtains pretreated Al2O3Receive
Rice grain.
By pretreated Al2O3Nano particle, the Ni-W-Cu electrolyte of above-mentioned preparation is added with 0.5wt.% ratio
In, mechanical agitation 45min, ultrasonic disperse 30min obtain nano-ceramic particle and received in the scattered, Ni-W-Cu/ of suspended state
The ceramic electrolyte of rice.
Using nickel plate as anode, steel plate is negative electrode, is kept stirring for speed 200rpm, 60 DEG C of electrolyte temperature, double-current circulation
The parameter of electrodeposition process is：i1=5.5A/dm2, t1=1min；i2=1.5A/dm2, t2=3.5min；N=80.Finally take out plating
Part, is rinsed well with water, is dried naturally, that is, obtains Ni-W-Cu/Al2O3Nano ceramics multilayer alloy.
Embodiment 6
By nickel sulfate hexahydrate 75g/L, six water nickel chloride 25g/L, copper sulphate 10g/L, sodium tungstate 35g/L, citric acid 15g/
L, boric acid 40g, dodecyl sodium sulfate 0.8g/L, N- (3- sulfopropyls) pyridinium inner salt 0.1g/L are well mixed, and use sodium hydroxide
Solution regulation pH value is 9, and mechanical agitation 60 minutes obtains Ni-W-Cu electrolyte.
The TiC nano-ceramic particles for taking 100g particle diameters to be 100nm are mixed with 100g water, are tuned into pasty state, add 20g benzyls
Triethyl ammonium chloride, grinds 45 minutes in the ball mill using zirconium oxide abrasive ball, and discharging obtains preprocessed TiC nanometers
Ceramic particle.
By pretreated TiC nano-ceramic particles, it is electrolysed with the Ni-W-Cu that 0.1wt.% ratio adds above-mentioned preparation
In liquid, mechanical agitation 1.5h, ultrasonic disperse 40min obtain nano-ceramic particle and received in the scattered, Ni-W-Cu/ of suspended state
The ceramic electrolyte of rice.
Using nickel plate as anode, copper sheet is negative electrode, is kept stirring for speed 300rpm, 45 DEG C of electrolyte temperature, double-current circulation
The parameter of electrodeposition process is：i1=6.5A/dm2, t1=1.0min；i2=1A/dm2, t2=1.0min；N=100.Finally take out
Plating piece, is rinsed well with water, is dried naturally, that is, obtains Ni-W-Cu/TiC nano ceramics multilayer alloys.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloy, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step 1, Ni-W-Cu electrolyte is prepared；
Step 2, the pretreatment of nano-ceramic particle；
Step 3, the nano-ceramic particle that step 2 is obtained is scattered in Ni-W-Cu electrolyte prepared by step 1, obtains Ni-W-
Cu/ nano ceramics electrolyte；
Step 4, plating piece is put in Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics electrolyte prepared by step 3, using double-current cycle step method
Carry out electro-deposition, after the completion of take out plating piece, rinse well, dry naturally.
2. a kind of preparation method of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
The preparation method of Ni-W-Cu electrolyte is in rapid 1：By 50~100g/L of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, six 10~30g/L of water nickel chloride, sulphur
Sour 10~50g/L of copper, 10~40g/L of sodium tungstate, 5~15g/L of citric acid, 15~40g of boric acid, dodecyl sodium sulfate 0.1~
1g/L, N- (3- sulfopropyls) 0.1~0.3g/L of pyridinium inner salt is well mixed, and is 8~9 with sodium hydroxide solution regulation pH value, is obtained
To Ni-W-Cu electrolyte.
3. a kind of preparation method of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
The preprocess method of nano-ceramic particle is in rapid 2：Take the Al that 100g particle diameters are 2~100nm2O3Or TiC nano-ceramic particles with
50~100g water mixing, is tuned into pasty state, adds 2~20g cationic surfactants, 20~60 points are ground in ball mill
Clock, discharging, obtains pretreated Al2O3Or TiC nano-ceramic particles.
4. a kind of preparation method of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloy according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute
Cationic surfactant is stated for benzyltriethylammoinium chloride or hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride or cetyl trimethyl bromine
Change ammonium or DTAB or DTAC or N, N, N- trimethyl -1- myristyl brominations
One or more in ammonium.
5. a kind of preparation method of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloy according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute
State and zirconium oxide abrasive ball is used in ball mill.
6. a kind of preparation method of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloy according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Will
Pretreated Al2O3Or TiC nano-ceramic particles are added in Ni-W-Cu electrolyte with 0.1~5wt.% ratio, machinery is stirred
20~40min of ultrasonic disperse after 0.5~2h is mixed, nano-ceramic particle is obtained and is in scattered, the Ni-W-Cu/ nanometers of suspended state
Ceramic electrolyte.
7. a kind of preparation method of Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics multilayer alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
Double-current cycle step method includes in rapid 4：Using nickel plate as anode, steel plate or copper sheet are negative electrode, be kept stirring for speed 180~
45~60 DEG C of 480rpm, Ni-W-Cu/ nano ceramics electrolyte temperature, first in current density i1Lower sedimentation time t1, Ran Hou
Current density i2Lower sedimentation time t2, complete first deposition cycle, N=1；Then again in current density i1Lower sedimentation time t1,
Current density i2Lower sedimentation time t2, complete second deposition cycle, N=2；Above deposition process is repeated, is to number of deposition cycles
N, wherein：i1=5~8A/dm2, t1=1~5min；i2=1~4A/dm2, t2=1~5min；N=5~100.
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| CN111672729A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-09-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Preparation method of inner wall coating of pipe fitting with inner diameter not less than 30mm |
| CN115161732A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-10-11 | 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 | Coating suitable for Monel alloy surface and preparation process thereof |
| CN115247274A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-28 | 国网福建省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Preparation method of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant multi-element Ni-W-based alloy coating |
| CN115354371A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-18 | 国网福建省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method for improving mechanical property of multi-element Ni-based alloy coating by element doping and heat treatment |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111672729A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-09-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Preparation method of inner wall coating of pipe fitting with inner diameter not less than 30mm |
| CN115247274A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-28 | 国网福建省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Preparation method of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant multi-element Ni-W-based alloy coating |
| CN115354371A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-18 | 国网福建省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method for improving mechanical property of multi-element Ni-based alloy coating by element doping and heat treatment |
| CN115161732A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-10-11 | 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 | Coating suitable for Monel alloy surface and preparation process thereof |
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Application publication date: 20171027 |