CN107293319B - Standby power supply detection method and device - Google Patents
Standby power supply detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107293319B CN107293319B CN201610203912.8A CN201610203912A CN107293319B CN 107293319 B CN107293319 B CN 107293319B CN 201610203912 A CN201610203912 A CN 201610203912A CN 107293319 B CN107293319 B CN 107293319B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C5/00—Details of stores covered by group G11C11/00
- G11C5/14—Power supply arrangements, e.g. power down, chip selection or deselection, layout of wirings or power grids, or multiple supply levels
- G11C5/141—Battery and back-up supplies
Abstract
A standby power detection method and apparatus are provided. The standby power supply detection device comprises a first switch, a second switch, a constant current source, a bypass load and a controller, wherein the input end of the first switch is coupled to an external power supply, the output end of the first switch is coupled to the standby power supply, and when the first switch is conducted, the external power supply charges the standby power supply; an output of the backup power source is coupled to an input of the second switch; an output of the second switch is coupled to an external load; the constant current source is connected with the bypass load in series and then connected to two ends of the standby power supply in parallel; the controller also controls the switching on or off of the passage of the standby power supply to the constant current source; the controller is also coupled to an output of the backup power source to obtain an output voltage from the backup power source.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to storage devices, and more particularly, to online detection of the status of a storage device's backup power source.
Background
Computer peripheral devices are connected to a computer through various interfaces. In most cases the computer interface not only provides a data path between the computer and the peripheral device, but also provides power to the computer to the peripheral device. Thus, in the event of a power outage of a computer, the peripheral devices connected to the computer will also lose power.
A scheme for avoiding data loss in a buffer memory of a storage device upon unexpected power-off is disclosed in chinese patent document CN 101710252B. When unexpected power failure occurs, the standby power supply provides temporary electric energy for the storage device, and the temporary electric energy is used for transferring data in a buffer memory (Cache) into the flash memory. In US patent document 8031551B2 a scheme is disclosed wherein a capacitor is used as a backup power source for a storage device and the performance of the capacitor is detected during operation and the capacitor is charged when an excessively low capacitance is detected. Chinese patent document CN102831920B discloses a scheme of powering a storage device using power stored by a capacitive component in a computer after the computer is powered off.
Referring to FIG. 1, a prior art solution is shown, including a host 100 and a storage device 110 coupled to the host 100. The host 100 includes a power supply 102 for providing power to various electronic components in the host and to a storage device 110 connected to the host 100. In the power supply, motherboard, etc. of the host 100, an energy storage element such as a capacitor 104 is also included. One or more of the energy storage elements in host 100 may be present, here shown as capacitor 104 for clarity purposes. The capacitor 104 is coupled between the output of the power supply 102 and ground.
The power supply circuit of the storage device 110 receives power from the host and supplies the power to the load 180. In the storage device 110, the load 180 may be a flash memory and/or a memory control circuit. The power supply circuit of the memory device 110 includes a capacitor 112, a diode 114, an N-channel MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) 116, and a control circuit 118. An anode of the diode 114 is coupled to the output of the power supply 102, and a cathode of the diode 114 is coupled to one end of the capacitor 112 and to the load 180 through the voltage converter 130. The other end of the capacitor 112 is coupled to ground. Capacitor 112 serves as a backup power source for storage device 110 for providing emergency power to load 180 of storage device 110 via voltage converter 130. The diode 114, the capacitor 112 and the voltage converter 130 form a supply path 123 for supplying power to the load 180.
The source of the N-channel MOSFET 116 is coupled to the output of the power supply 102 and the drain of the N-channel MOSFET 116 is coupled to the load 180 for providing power to the load 180. A control circuit 118 is coupled to the gate of the N-channel MOSFET 116 for controlling the closing or opening of the N-channel MOSFET 116. The N-channel MOSFET 116 operates as a switch and forms a power supply path 121 that supplies power to the load 180. For example, the source of the N-channel MOSFET 116 serves as the input of the switch, the drain of the N-channel MOSFET 116 serves as the output of the switch, and the gate of the N-channel MOSFET 116 serves as the control terminal for controlling the on and off of the switch. The control circuit 118 controls the on or off of the N-channel MOSFET 116 based on the output voltage of the power supply 102. When the power supply 102 is operating normally, its output voltage is greater than or equal to a predetermined voltage. The control circuit 118 detects an output voltage of the power supply 102, and when the detected output voltage is greater than or equal to a predetermined voltage, the control circuit 118 outputs a control signal to the N-channel MOSFET 116 to close the N-channel MOSFET 116. In this case, power from the power supply 102 of the host 100 is applied to the load 180 through the N-channel MOSFET 116.
At power loss, the voltage output by the power supply 102 gradually drops due to the presence of the capacitor 104. When the output voltage of the power supply 102 drops below a predetermined voltage, which means that the host 100 is powered down, the power supply 102 will not continue to effectively power the storage device 110. The control circuit 118 outputs a control signal to the N-channel MOSFET 116 to turn off the N-channel MOSFET 116 based on detection that the output voltage of the power supply 102 is less than a predetermined voltage. Although the output voltage of the power supply 102 is smaller than the predetermined voltage at this time, it can make the diode 114 conductive, so that the power stored in the capacitor 104 can be supplied to the load 180 through the power supply path 123 via the voltage converter 130. At this time, the capacitor 112 also supplies power to the load 180. The voltage converter 130 may be used to stabilize the voltage on the power supply path 123.
Disclosure of Invention
To ensure reliability, it is necessary to detect the operating state of the backup power supply during operation of the storage device. And when the standby power supply is detected, the standby power supply can be discharged, and the redundancy of the power supply is reduced from 2 redundancy in normal operation to single power supply, so that the operation of detecting the standby power supply is ensured to be safe and reliable as much as possible, and the influence on the task being processed on the storage equipment is minimized. And it is desirable to perform high-precision measurement with limited energy consumption (heat generation amount) in a limited space of the storage device.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a first supply time detection device according to the first aspect of the present invention comprising a switch, a controller, an input of the switch being coupled to an external power source, an output of the switch being coupled to a load, the external power source being turned on or off to supply power to the load in response to a control signal from the controller; the output end of the switch is also coupled to a standby power supply, and when the switch is turned on, the external power supply also charges the standby power supply; the backup power source is coupled to the load; the controller is further coupled to an output of the backup power source to obtain an output voltage of the backup power source; the controller also comprises a timer, which is used for recording the moment of acquiring the output voltage of the standby power supply; and the controller calculates the power supply time of the standby power supply according to the moment and the output voltage of the standby power supply.
According to a first power supply time detection device of the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second power supply time detection device according to the first aspect of the present invention, further comprising a voltage detector coupled to an output terminal of the standby power supply, the controller passing through the voltage detector or taking an output voltage of the standby power supply.
The first or second power supply time detection device according to the first aspect of the present invention provides a third power supply time detection device according to the first aspect of the present invention, the controller is configured toCalculating the power supply time of the standby power supply, wherein U 0 Is the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged, U T Is the minimum output voltage of the standby power supply meeting the load requirement, U 1 Is the output voltage of the standby power supply obtained by the controller, T 1 Is the time interval from switching off the switch to obtaining the output voltage of the backup power supply.
The first power supply time detection device according to the first aspect of the present invention provides the fourth power supply time detection device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller acquires the output voltage U of the backup power supply at a first time 1 And obtaining the time interval t from the switch being turned off to the first moment by a timer 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The controller obtains the output voltage U of the standby power supply at a second moment 2 And acquiring a time interval t from the first moment to the second moment through a timer 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The controller is according to the formulaCalculating the power supply time of the standby power supply, wherein U T Is the minimum output voltage of the backup power supply that meets the load demand.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first supply time detection device according to the second aspect of the present invention, comprising a switch, a controller, a voltage detector, an input of the switch being coupled to an external power source, an output of the switch being coupled to a load, the external power source being turned on or off to supply power to the load in response to a control signal of the controller; the output end of the switch is also coupled to a standby power supply, and when the switch is turned on, the external power supply also charges the standby power supply; the backup power source is coupled to the load; the voltage detector is coupled to the output end of the standby power supply, and outputs an indication signal to the controller if the output voltage of the standby power supply is smaller than a threshold value; the controller further includes a timer for recording a time interval from when the switch is turned off to when the indication signal is received; and the controller calculates the power supply time of the standby power supply according to the time interval.
According to a first power supply time detection apparatus of a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second power supply time detection apparatus of the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the threshold value indicates a predetermined relationship between remaining energy of the backup power supply and energy when fully charged, so that a power supply time of the backup power supply is calculated from the time interval and the predetermined relationship.
According to a first or second power supply time detection means of the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a third power supply time detection means according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller further turns on the switch in response to receipt of the indication signal.
According to one of the first or second aspects of the present invention, there is provided the first power supply time detection apparatus according to the third aspect of the present invention, wherein the health state of the backup power supply is estimated from the calculated power supply time of the backup power supply.
According to one of the foregoing power supply time detection apparatuses of the present invention, there is provided a second power supply time detection apparatus according to a third aspect of the present invention, wherein the backup power supply is a capacitor.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first power supply time detection method according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, comprising: cutting off an external power supply to enable the standby power supply to supply power to a load; obtaining an output voltage of a standby power supply, and obtaining a time interval from cutting off an external power supply to obtaining the output voltage of the standby power supply; and calculating the power supply time of the standby power supply.
A first power supply time detection method according to a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a second power supply time detection method according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, wherein according to the formula Calculating the power supply time of the standby power supply, wherein U 0 Is the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged, U T Is the minimum output voltage of the standby power supply meeting the load requirement, U 1 Is the obtained output voltage of the standby power supply, T 1 Is the time interval from the switching off of the external power supply to the acquisition of the output voltage of the backup power supply.
A first power supply time detection method according to a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a third power supply time detection method according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, wherein the output voltage U of the backup power supply is acquired at a first time 1 And obtain the time interval t from the cutting off of the external power supply to the first moment 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining the output voltage U of the standby power supply at a second moment 2 And acquiring a time interval t from the first time to the second time 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the formulaCalculating the power supply time of the standby power supply, wherein U T Is the minimum output voltage of the backup power supply that meets the load demand.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first power supply time detection method according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, comprising: cutting off an external power supply to enable the standby power supply to supply power to a load; acquiring time from cutting off the external power supply to the current moment in response to the output voltage of the standby power supply being lower than a threshold value; and calculating the power supply time of the standby power supply.
According to a first power supply time detection method of a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second power supply time detection method of the fifth aspect of the present invention, wherein the threshold value indicates a predetermined relationship between remaining energy of the backup power supply and energy when fully charged, so that a power supply time of the backup power supply is calculated from the time interval and the predetermined relationship.
According to the first or second power supply time detection method of the fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a third power supply time detection method according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, further comprising: and in response to the output voltage of the standby power supply being below a threshold, turning on the external power supply, causing the external power supply to supply power to the load, and charging the standby power supply.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first power supply time detection method according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, comprising: in response to receiving the detection command, performing a power supply time detection method according to one of the foregoing power supply time detection methods of the present invention; and estimating the health state of the standby power supply according to the calculated power supply time of the standby power supply.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first capacitance detection device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, comprising a first switch, a second switch, a constant current source, a bypass load and a controller, an input of the first switch being coupled to an external power supply, an output of the first switch being coupled to a standby power supply, the external power supply charging the standby power supply when the first switch is on; an output of the backup power source is coupled to an input of the second switch; an output of the second switch is coupled to an external load; the constant current source is connected with the bypass load in series and then connected to two ends of the standby power supply in parallel; the controller also controls the switching on or off of the passage of the standby power supply to the constant current source; the controller is further coupled to an output of the backup power source to obtain an output voltage of the backup power source; the controller also comprises a timer, which is used for recording the moment of acquiring the output voltage of the standby power supply; in order to detect the capacitance value, the controller turns off the first switch, turns on the channel from the standby power supply to the constant current source, acquires the output voltage of the standby power supply and the acquisition time of the output voltage, and calculates the capacitance value of the standby power supply according to the output voltage and the acquisition time of the output voltage.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second capacitance detection device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller is according toAnd calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, U0 is the output voltage of the standby power supply when the standby power supply is fully charged, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, resr is the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply, U is the acquired output voltage of the standby power supply, and t is the moment of acquiring the output voltage U.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a third capacitance detection device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller acquires a plurality of output voltages of the standby power supply, and acquires a timing of each of the output voltages, and based onAnd calculating a plurality of capacitance values of the standby power supply, and taking an average value of the plurality of capacitance values.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fourth capacitance detection device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller acquires a plurality of output voltages of the backup power supply, and acquires a timing of each output voltage, and fits a slope k of a curve indicating a relationship of t and U, and according to And calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fifth capacitance detection device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller acquires a plurality of output voltages of the backup power supply, and acquires a timing of each output voltage, and fits a curve indicating a relationship of t and USlope k and bias b, and according tob＝I c *R esr +U 0 And calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sixth capacitance detection device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller acquires at least two output voltages of the backup power supply, and acquires a timing of each output voltage, and fits a slope k of a curve indicating a relationship of t and U, and according to And calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply.
According to one of the first to sixth capacitance detecting devices of the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the seventh capacitance detecting device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller closes the first switch and opens the passage of the standby power supply to the constant current source after completion of detecting the capacitance value.
According to one of the first to seventh capacitance detecting devices of the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an eighth capacitance detecting device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller turns off the second switch for detecting a capacitance value.
According to one of the first to eighth capacitance detecting devices of the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the ninth capacitance detecting device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller opens the path of the standby power supply to the constant current source, closes the second switch, and causes the standby power supply to supply power to the external load in response to a power failure of the external power supply.
According to one of the first to ninth capacitance detection devices of the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the tenth capacitance detection device of the seventh aspect of the present invention, further comprising a third switch having an input coupled to an external power source, an output coupled to an external load and an input of the first switch, and being turned on or off in response to a control signal of the controller.
According to one of the first to tenth capacitance detecting devices of the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the eleventh capacitance detecting device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, further comprising a fourth switch having an input terminal coupled to a standby power source, an output terminal coupled to a constant current source, and switching on or off a path of the standby power source to the constant current source in response to a control signal of the controller.
According to one of the first to eleventh capacitance detection devices of the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the twelfth capacitance detection device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wherein the controller compares the capacitance value with a nominal capacitance value of a backup power supply to estimate a health state of the backup power supply.
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the first supply time detecting device according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, comprising one of the first to twelfth capacitance detecting devices according to the seventh aspect of the present invention; and the controller calculates the power supply time of the standby power supply according to the capacitance value.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the first capacitance detection method according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, comprising shutting off a charging path from an external power source to a standby power source, causing the standby power source to supply power to a bypass load via a constant current source, and maintaining the external power source to supply power to the external load; obtaining the output voltage of a standby power supply and recording the moment of obtaining the output voltage of the standby power supply; and calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply according to the output voltage and the acquisition time of the output voltage.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second capacitance detection method according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein Calculating the capacitance of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source and U0 is the standby power supplyThe output voltage when fully charged is C the capacitance value of the standby power supply, resr the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply, U the obtained output voltage of the standby power supply, and t the moment when the output voltage U is obtained.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a third capacitance detection method according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein a plurality of output voltages of the backup power supply are acquired, and a timing of each of the output voltages is acquired, and according toAnd calculating a plurality of capacitance values of the standby power supply, and taking an average value of the plurality of capacitance values.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fourth capacitance detection method according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein a plurality of output voltages of the backup power supply are acquired, and a timing of each of the output voltages is acquired, and a slope k of a curve indicating a relation of t and U is fitted, and according toAnd calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fifth capacitance detection method according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein a plurality of output voltages of the standby power supply are acquired, and a timing of each output voltage is acquired, and a slope k and a bias b of a curve indicating a relation of t and U are fitted, and according to b＝I c *R esr +U 0 And calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sixth capacitance detection method according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein at least two output voltages of the standby power supply are obtained, and the timing of each output voltage is obtained, and the slope k of a curve indicating the relationship of t and U is fitted, and according toAnd calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply.
According to one of the first to sixth capacitance detection methods of the ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the seventh capacitance detection method according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein the backup power supply is caused to supply power to the external load by disconnecting the path of the backup power supply to the bypass load in response to a power failure of the external power supply.
According to one of the first to seventh capacitance detection methods of the ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the eighth capacitance detection method according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, wherein the capacitance value is compared with a nominal capacitance value of a backup power supply to estimate a health state of the backup power supply.
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first power supply time detection method according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, comprising one of the first to eighth capacitance detection methods according to the ninth aspect of the present invention; and calculating the power supply time of the standby power supply according to the capacitance value.
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a program comprising program code which, when loaded into a storage device and executed on the storage device, causes the storage device to perform one of the power supply time detection methods according to the fourth, fifth or tenth aspects of the present invention.
Drawings
The invention, as well as a preferred mode of use and further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a prior art memory device;
FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of a power time detection circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of a power time detection circuit in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3A is a flow chart of a power time detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3B is a flow chart of a method of power time detection according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a standby power detection circuit according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a discharge loop for detecting capacitance according to yet another embodiment of the invention; and
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a backup power detection method according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 2A, a schematic diagram of a power time detection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. The power supply time detection circuit is implemented in a storage device such as a solid state disk and is used for detecting the power supply time of the standby power supply (210). As an example, a storage device is coupled to a host through a PCIe interface and receives external power supply through the PCIe interface for supporting the storage device to operate. The standby power supply is used for providing temporary power for the storage device when the external power supply is abnormally powered down. The backup power source may be, for example, a super capacitor or an aluminum electrolytic capacitor. An external power source is coupled to the backup power source 210 and the load through the switch 220, and when the switch 220 is closed, the external power source supplies power to the load and may charge the backup power source. A controller 230 (e.g., a microcontroller MCU, microprocessor MPU, or other control circuitry) controls the closing and opening of the switch 220. When the switch 220 is turned off, the power supply from the external power supply is cut off, and the backup power supply 210 supplies power to the load. The supply time detection circuit further includes a voltage detection circuit 240 coupled to an output of the standby power supply 210 for obtaining an output voltage of the standby power supply 210. The output voltage of the backup power supply 210 is indicative of the operational state of the backup power supply. When the backup power source 210 is a capacitor, the energy of the capacitor Where C is the capacitance of the capacitor and U is the output voltage of the capacitor. The remaining energy of the standby power supply 210 is obtained by detecting the output voltage of the standby power supply 210. While the overall power of the storage device is substantially constant during operation, thereby making available a backup power supplyThe remaining energy at 210 estimates the time available for power under the specified load.
The voltage detection circuit 240 provides the detected output voltage value of the standby power supply 210 to the controller 230. The voltage detection circuit 240 may be, for example, an analog-to-digital converter (AD). The voltage detection circuit 240 may also be integrated within the controller 230.
The capacitance of the standby power supply 210 may vary, and in an embodiment according to the present invention, the controller 230 calculates the power supply time by detecting the variation of the output voltage of the standby power supply 210 with time.
Example 1
When the switch 220 is closed, the output voltage U of the standby power supply 210 0 Are known. To measure the power supply time, the controller 230 turns off the switch 220, discharges the backup power source 210 to the load, and starts a timer. After a period of time, the controller 230 obtains the output voltage U of the standby power supply 210 through the voltage detection circuit 240 1 And obtain discharge from standby power supply to its output voltage U by timer 1 Time T of (2) 1 . The controller 230 controls the time of the backup power supply 210 supplying power to the load to trade off between the continuous power supply capacity of the backup power supply 210 and the measurement accuracy. For example, the load is supplied with power from the backup power supply 210 for several tens to several hundreds of microseconds or several milliseconds, so that the magnitude of the voltage drop of the backup power supply exceeds the accuracy of the voltage detection circuit 240. In the case of a storage device with a substantially constant overall power P, the supply time of the backup power supply is proportional to its stored energy, and thus
Where UT is the lowest voltage (known) that the backup power supply 210 can operate the load normally and Tx is the time that the backup power supply 210 operates the load normally.
From the formulas (1) and (2)Thus, by measuring the output voltage from U when backup capacitor 210 is powered, without knowing the capacitance of backup power source 210 0 Down to U 1 Can calculate the power supply time of the backup power supply 210 for the load to operate normally.
The detection of the power supply time of the standby power supply 210 may be performed by the controller 230 at a predetermined time, for example, monthly or at a time when the storage device traffic is low, such as late night. The power time detection may also be performed at the direction of the host or the user. The host or user sends a command to the controller 230 through the PCIe interface or JTAG interface, and in response, the controller 230 performs power supply time detection for the standby power supply 230 and informs the host or user of the detection result. Or based on the detection result, evaluating the health state of the standby power supply, considering the standby power supply to be healthy when the power supply time of the standby power supply can meet the reliability requirement of the storage device, and in other cases, considering the standby power supply to be unhealthy and responding, for example, prompting a user to replace or repair the storage device or changing the working state of the storage device (for example, reducing the number of unfinished IO buffered) so as to adapt to the health state of the standby power supply.
In a further example, the controller 230 obtains the output voltage of the backup power source 210 at each of a plurality of time points to calculate the power supply time T from the measured value of each voltage and time x And for a plurality of power supply times T x Averaged to reduce errors.
Example 2
Fig. 2B shows a schematic diagram of a power supply time detection circuit according to a further embodiment of the invention. In fig. 2B, the voltage detection circuit 240 of fig. 2A is replaced with a voltage comparison circuit 245. The voltage comparing circuit 245 compares the output voltage of the standby power supply 210 with a reference voltage. During the power supply of the standby power supply 210, the output voltage thereof continuously decreases, and when the output voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the voltage comparison circuit 245 outputs an indication signal to the controller 230. By way of example, the backup power supply is fullThe output voltage at the time of electricity is U 0 While the reference voltage is set toSo that when the output voltage of the standby power supply crosses the reference voltage, its remaining energy is half that of the full charge. Thus, the controller 230 starts the timer when the standby power 210 starts discharging, and when the controller 230 receives the indication signal of the voltage comparison circuit 245, the timer stops counting, and the time period recorded by the timer is about half of the power supply time of the standby power 210, so that the power supply time of the standby power 210 is estimated to be 2 times the time period recorded by the timer. In other examples, the reference voltage may be set to other values. In the case where the reference voltage and the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged are known, the power supply time when the standby power supply 210 supplies power to the load can be estimated from the period of time when the output voltage of the standby power supply 210 drops to the reference voltage. It should be noted that, in order to operate the load, the output voltage of the backup power supply should be not less than a predetermined value, and at this time, the backup power supply has a portion of energy which cannot be used to operate the load normally. The estimated power supply time in this embodiment is slightly longer than the time that the backup power supply 210 actually operates the load normally.
Fig. 3A is a flowchart of a power supply time detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Also in conjunction with fig. 2A, to detect the power supply time, the controller 230 turns off the switch 220 to cut off the power supplied from the external power source to the load and supplies the power to the load with the standby power source 210, and starts a timer (310). After a period of time, the controller 230 obtains the output voltage of the standby power supply 210 through the voltage detection circuit 230, closes the switch 220 to resume the power supply from the external power supply to the load and the charging of the standby power supply 210, and records the current time through the timer (320). The controller 230 calculates a standby power supply available time based on the detected output voltage of the standby power supply 210 and the time of the detected voltage (330). For example, calculateObtaining the power supply time T x . Wherein T is 1 To detect voltageTime, U 0 For the initial (fully charged) voltage of the standby power supply, U 1 At T 1 Voltage detected at moment and U T Is the lowest voltage at which the backup power supply 210 can operate the load normally. As previously described, there are various ways to determine the power supply time of the backup power supply 210 by detecting the output voltage of the backup power supply 210 and the detection time.
Fig. 3B is a flowchart of a power supply time detection method according to still another embodiment of the present invention. Also in conjunction with fig. 2B, to detect the power supply time, the controller 230 turns off the switch 220 to cut off the power supplied from the external power source to the load and supplies the power to the load with the standby power source 210, and starts a timer (340). As the output voltage of the standby power supply 210 gradually decreases, the voltage comparison circuit 245 outputs an indication signal to the controller 230 when the output voltage is lower than the threshold value. In response to receiving the indication signal, the controller 230 stops the timer (350) and calculates the energizable time of the backup power source based on the time recorded by the timer (360). In the case that the initial output voltage of the standby power supply is known to be equal to the threshold voltage, since the stored energy of the capacitor is proportional to the square of the voltage, the discharge time of the capacitor from the initial voltage discharge point to the lowest voltage capable of maintaining the load operation (the power of the storage device is constant or approximately constant) can be calculated according to the time of the capacitor from the initial voltage discharge point to the threshold voltage.
According to the power supply time detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the power supply time detection method can be performed when the storage device works normally, and is not perceived by a user. Or at a pre-scheduled time or upon indication by the host or user, and inform the user of the detection result. In one example, the detection result is notified to the host through the PCIe interface; in another example, an indicator light is arranged on the storage device, by which the user is informed of the detection result.
Example 3
Fig. 4A is a schematic diagram of a standby power detection circuit according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of fig. 4A, the capacitance value of the standby power supply 210 can be calculated, and the measured value and the nominal value of the capacitance of the standby power supply 210 are compared to evaluate the health status of the standby power supply 210, so as to obtain the energy storage and power supply time of the standby power supply 210.
In the embodiment of fig. 4A, a bypass load 460 is provided, connected in parallel across the backup power source 210. Upon detecting the capacitance of the backup power supply 210, the backup power supply 210 is discharged through the bypass load 460; while maintaining the external power supply to the external load, thereby avoiding the storage device failure due to the failure of the backup power supply 210 at the time of power supply time detection. Bypass load 460 may be a power resistor with a known resistance value (R). The constant current source (CCR, constant Current Regulator) 450 is connected in series with the bypass load 460 such that when the standby power supply 210 powers the bypass load 460, the current flowing through the bypass load 460 is known and constant (I c ). The switch 440 is provided such that the controller 230 can control whether the backup power source 210 supplies power to the bypass load 460 through the switch 440. The constant current source 450 and the bypass load 460 may be integrated, for example, a controllable constant current source. Only when the capacitance of the backup power supply 210 is measured, the switch 440 is closed, and in other cases the switch 440 is opened to avoid the backup power supply 210 supplying power to the bypass load.
The standby power detection circuit according to embodiment 3 further includes a switch 410 for coupling an external power source to the input terminal of the standby power source 210. The controller 230 cuts off or allows the external power source to charge the standby power source 210 by opening or closing the switch 410. The standby power detection circuit further includes a switch 420 for coupling the standby power 210 to an external load, and the controller 230 cuts off or allows the standby power to supply power to the external load by opening or closing the switch 420. The switch 420 also prevents the external power source from forming a charging loop for the backup power source 210 when powering an external load.
When the backup power source is discharged to the bypass load 460 via the constant current source 450, the equivalent circuit of the discharge loop is shown in fig. 4B. The discharge loop includes an ideal capacitor C and an equivalent series resistance R forming the backup power supply 210 ESR Constant current source (CCR) and load resistor (R). Ideal capacitor C and equivalent series resistance R ESR The constant current source (CCR) and the load resistor (R) are connected in series to form a discharge loop. The current of the discharge loop is I due to the existence of the constant current source c . The output voltage of the standby power supply 210 is the equivalent series resistance R ESR Both ends are provided withThe sum of the voltage across the ideal capacitor C. Can calculate the voltage across the backup power supply 210Where U0 is the initial value of the voltage across the ideal capacitor before discharge and t is the discharge time. Thus, the voltage U across the backup power supply 210 is linear with time t. By measuring the voltage U at time t, the ideal capacitance C and the series equivalent resistance R can be calculated ESR . Preferably, a plurality of voltages U are measured at different times t and fitted to the slope k and bias b of the straight line u=kt+b, then the slope +.>And b=i c *R esr +U 0 Thereby calculating the capacitance value of the ideal capacitor C and the equivalent series resistance R ESR Is a resistance value of (a).
Referring back to fig. 4A, to measure the capacitance of the backup power source 210, the controller 230 opens the switches 410 and 420, closes the switch 440, and forms a discharge loop with the backup power source 210, the constant current source 450, and the bypass load 460. The voltage detection circuit 240 is coupled to an output of the backup power source 410. The controller 230 detects the output voltage U of the standby power supply 210 through the voltage detection circuit 240 and records the detection time t. Thereby passing through The desired capacitance value of the backup power supply 210 is calculated. In one example, the controller 230 measures the output voltage of the standby power supply 210 multiple times at different times, and fits the slope k and the bias b of the straight line u=kt+b by the least square method, then the slope ∈>And b=i c *R esr +U 0 Thereby calculating the capacitance value and the equivalent series resistance R of the ideal capacitor C of the standby power supply 210 ESR Is a resistance value of (a). In still another example, the effect of the equivalent series resistance Resr is ignored, but only by +.>Or the slope of the fitted straight line u=kt+b +.>To calculate the capacitance of the ideal capacitor C of the backup power supply 210. In another example, the calculated values of the plurality of ideal capacitances C are averaged. By comparing capacitance C and/or equivalent series resistance R ESR And if the measured value and the nominal value are within the allowable error range, the capacitance type health is considered.
Optionally, a switch 430 is provided, one end of the switch 430 is coupled to an external power source, the other end is coupled to the switch 410 and an external load, and the controller 230 can control opening and closing of the switch 430. When the switch 410 is closed, the external power source directly supplies power to the external load and may supply power to the backup power source 210 through the switch 410. When the switch 410 is open, the power path from the external power source to the external load and the backup power source 210 is switched.
While the capacitance of the backup power supply 210 is measured, the switch 430 is kept closed, thereby supplying power to the load from the external power supply. If the external power source is powered down, the controller 230 opens the power path of the backup power source 210 to the bypass load 460, and closes the switch 420 to cause the backup power source to supply power to the external load. Thus, according to an embodiment of the present invention, during the measurement of the capacitance of the standby power 210, a power of 2 redundancy is still provided, thereby ensuring the reliability of the memory device. Optionally, when measuring the capacitance of the standby power supply 210, the measurement time is shortened and the influence of the measurement time on the voltage drop and the voltage measurement accuracy of the standby power supply 210 is considered, so that the capacitance measurement is completed in a short time, and even if the external power supply is powered down at the later stage of the capacitance measurement period, the standby power supply 210 still has enough energy to maintain the external load to handle the power-down event.
Based on the measured capacitance value C of the backup power supply 210 and the equivalent series resistance Resr, a power supply time for which the backup power supply 210 can maintain normal operation of the external load is calculated, for example, according to formula (3),
wherein C is the capacitance of the standby power supply 210, RESR is the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply 210, UT is the lowest voltage at which the standby power supply 210 can normally operate the load, t is the time at which the standby power supply 210 normally operates the load, and P is the power P, U of the load 0 Is the output voltage when the backup power supply 210 is fully charged and μ is the power efficiency. Optionally, to reduce the computational complexity, the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply 210 is ignored, and the power supply time of the standby power supply 210 is estimated to be
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a backup power detection method according to still another embodiment of the present invention. Also referring to fig. 4A, to detect the backup power, the controller 230 opens the switch 420 to cut off the backup power to the external load, opens the switch 410 to cut off the power from the external power to the backup power 210, closes the switch 440 to cause the backup power 210 to power the bypass load via the constant current source 450, and starts the timer (510). After a period of time, the controller 230 samples the output voltage of the backup power supply 210 through the voltage detection circuit 230 and records the current time through a timer (520). To improve measurement accuracy, the controller performs step 520 multiple times to sample the output voltage of the backup power supply 210 at multiple points in time. Subsequently, the controller 230 closes the switch 410 to resume the charging of the standby power 210 by the external power supply. Since the output voltage U of the standby power supply 210 is in a linear relationship with the power supply time t of the standby power supply, the capacitance C of the standby power supply 210 is calculated by measuring the time t of the measured voltage U and the measured voltage U (530). The measured capacitance C is compared to the nominal capacitance of the backup power supply 210 to estimate the health of the backup power supply 210.
Alternatively, the discharge time of the backup power supply 210 is calculated by the capacitance value C. The energy provided when the capacitor discharges isWherein U is T Is a backup power source 210 capable ofMinimum voltage for normal operation of load, U 0 Is the output voltage of the standby power supply 210 when fully charged. Calculating capacitor discharge time with substantially constant power consumption of system or external loadAs previously mentioned, there are other ways of calculating the discharge time from the capacitance value, with different accuracy or computational complexity. Optionally, the health condition of the standby power supply is estimated according to the calculated power supply time of the standby power supply. In further embodiments, capacitive detection and/or power time detection may also be performed at the direction of the host or user.
During the detection of the power supply time, if the external power source is powered down, the controller opens the switch 440 to cut off the discharge of the standby power source 210 to the bypass load 460 and closes the switch 420 to cause the standby power source to supply power to the external load. Optionally, the controller 230 also opens the switch 410 and the switch 430.
Blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of operations for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by hardware-based application specific integrated circuits, FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), CPLDs (complex programmable logic devices), microcontrollers, microprocessors, or combinations thereof, which perform the specified functions or operations.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to examples, which are intended for purposes of illustration only and not to be limiting of the invention, variations, additions and/or deletions to the embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these embodiments pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (28)
1. A capacitance detection device comprises a first switch, a second switch, a constant current source, a bypass load and a controller,
the input end of the first switch is coupled to an external power supply, the output end of the first switch is coupled to a standby power supply, and when the first switch is turned on, the external power supply charges the standby power supply;
an output of the backup power source is coupled to an input of the second switch;
An output of the second switch is coupled to an external load;
the constant current source is connected with the bypass load in series and then connected to two ends of the standby power supply in parallel;
the controller also controls the switching on or off of the passage of the standby power supply to the constant current source;
the controller is further coupled to an output of the backup power source to obtain an output voltage of the backup power source;
the controller also comprises a timer, which is used for recording the moment of acquiring the output voltage of the standby power supply;
in order to detect the capacitance value, the controller turns off the first switch, turns on the channel from the standby power supply to the constant current source, acquires the output voltage of the standby power supply and the acquisition time of the output voltage, and calculates the capacitance value of the standby power supply according to the output voltage and the acquisition time of the output voltage; further comprises:
to detect the capacitance value, the controller turns off the second switch.
2. The capacitance detection device according to claim 1, wherein
The controller is according toCalculating the capacitance of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, U 0 Is the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, resr is the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply, U is the obtained output voltage of the standby power supply, and t is the moment when the output voltage U is obtained.
3. The capacitance detection device according to claim 1, wherein
The controller obtains a plurality of output voltages of the standby power supply, and obtains the moment of each output voltage according toCalculating a plurality of capacitance values of the standby power supply, and averaging the plurality of capacitance values, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, U 0 Is the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, resr is the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply, U is the obtained output voltage of the standby power supply, and t is the moment when the output voltage U is obtained.
4. The capacitance detection device according to claim 1, wherein
The controller obtains a plurality of output voltages of the standby power supply, obtains the time of each output voltage, fits the slope k of a curve indicating the relation between t and U, and according toAnd calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, U is the acquired output voltage of the standby power supply, and t is the moment of acquiring the output voltage U.
5. The capacitance detection device according to claim 1, wherein
The controller obtains a plurality of output voltages of the standby power supply, obtains the time of each output voltage, fits the slope k and the bias b of a curve indicating the relation between t and U, and according to b＝I c *R esr +U 0 Calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, U is the acquired output voltage of the standby power supply, t is the moment of acquiring the output voltage U, U 0 Is the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged, and Resr is the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply.
6. The capacitance detection device according to claim 1, wherein
The controller obtains at least two output voltages of the standby power supply, obtains the time of each output voltage, fits the slope k of the curve indicating the relation between t and U, and according toCalculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, C is the acquired output voltage of the standby power supply, t is the moment of acquiring the output voltage U, U 1 At T 1 Voltage detected at moment, U 2 At T 2 The voltage detected at the moment.
7. The capacitance detecting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein
After the capacitance value is detected, the controller closes the first switch and opens the passage from the standby power supply to the constant current source.
8. The capacitance detecting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein
In response to a power failure of an external power supply, the controller opens the backup power supply to the constant current source, closes the second switch, and causes the backup power supply to supply power to the external load.
9. The capacitance detecting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a third switch,
an input of the third switch is coupled to an external power source, and an output of the third switch is coupled to an external load and an input of the first switch and is turned on or off in response to a control signal of the controller.
10. The capacitance detecting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a fourth switch,
an input terminal of the fourth switch is coupled to a standby power supply, and an output terminal of the fourth switch is coupled to a constant current source and turns on or off a path of the standby power supply to the constant current source in response to a control signal of the controller.
11. The capacitance detecting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein
The controller estimates the health state of the standby power supply according to the capacitance value.
12. A power supply time detection apparatus comprising a capacitance detection apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11; and
and the controller calculates the power supply time of the standby power supply according to the capacitance value.
13. A capacitance detection method based on the capacitance detection device according to one of claims 1 to 11, the method comprising: cutting off a charging path from the external power supply to the standby power supply, so that the standby power supply supplies power to the bypass load through the constant current source, and the external power supply is kept supplying power to the external load;
Obtaining the output voltage of a standby power supply and recording the moment of obtaining the output voltage of the standby power supply;
and calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply according to the output voltage and the acquisition time of the output voltage.
14. The capacitance detection method according to claim 13, wherein
According toCalculating the capacitance of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, U 0 Is the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, resr is the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply, U is the obtained output voltage of the standby power supply, and t is the moment when the output voltage U is obtained.
15. The capacitance detection method according to claim 13, wherein
Acquiring multiple output voltages of the standby power supply, and acquiring time of each output voltage according to Calculating a plurality of capacitance values of the standby power supply, and averaging the plurality of capacitance values, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, U 0 Is the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, resr is the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply, U is the obtained output voltage of the standby power supply, and t is the moment when the output voltage U is obtained.
16. The capacitance detection method according to claim 13, wherein
Obtaining a plurality of output voltages of the standby power supply, obtaining the moment of each output voltage, fitting the slope k of a curve indicating the relation between t and U, and according toAnd calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, U is the acquired output voltage of the standby power supply, and t is the moment of acquiring the output voltage U.
17. The capacitance detection method according to claim 13, wherein
Obtaining a plurality of output voltages of the standby power supply, obtaining the moment of each output voltage, fitting the slope k and the bias b of a curve indicating the relation between t and U, and according tob＝I c *R esr +U 0 Calculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, U 0 Is the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, resr is the equivalent series resistance of the standby power supply, and t is the moment when the output voltage U is obtained.
18. The capacitance detection method according to claim 13, wherein
Obtaining at least two output voltages of the standby power supply, obtaining the moment of each output voltage, fitting the slope k of a curve indicating the relation between t and U, and according toCalculating the capacitance value of the standby power supply, wherein Ic is the current of the constant current source, C is the capacitance value of the standby power supply, U is the acquired output voltage of the standby power supply, t is the moment of acquiring the output voltage U, U 1 At T 1 Voltage detected at moment, U 2 At T 2 The voltage detected at the moment.
19. The capacitance detection method according to claim 13, wherein
In response to a power loss from an external power source, the backup power source is disconnected from the bypass load to cause the backup power source to supply power to the external load.
20. The capacitance detection method according to claim 13, wherein
And estimating the health state of the standby power supply according to the capacitance value.
21. A power supply time detection method comprising the capacitance detection method according to any one of claims 13 to 20; and
and calculating the power supply time of the standby power supply according to the capacitance value.
22. A power supply time detection method based on the capacitance detection device according to one of claims 1 to 11, the method comprising:
cutting off an external power supply to enable the standby power supply to supply power to a load;
obtaining an output voltage of a standby power supply, and obtaining a time interval from cutting off an external power supply to obtaining the output voltage of the standby power supply;
and calculating the power supply time of the standby power supply.
23. The power supply time detection method according to claim 22, wherein
According to the formulaCalculating a supply time Tx of the standby power supply, wherein U 0 Is the output voltage when the standby power supply is fully charged, U T Is the minimum output voltage of the standby power supply meeting the load requirement, U 1 Is the obtained output voltage of the standby power supply, T 1 Is the time interval from the switching off of the external power supply to the acquisition of the output voltage of the backup power supply.
24. The power supply time detection method according to claim 22, wherein
Obtaining the output voltage U of the standby power supply at a first moment 1 And obtain the time interval t from the cutting off of the external power supply to the first moment 1 ；
Obtaining the output voltage U of the standby power supply at a second moment 2 And acquiring a time interval t from the first time to the second time 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the formulaCalculating the power supply time of the standby power supply, wherein U T Is the minimum output voltage of the backup power supply that meets the load demand.
25. A power supply time detection method based on the capacitance detection device according to one of claims 1 to 11, the method comprising:
cutting off an external power supply to enable the standby power supply to supply power to a load;
acquiring a time interval from cutting off the external power supply to receiving an indication signal in response to the output voltage of the standby power supply being lower than a threshold value, wherein the indication signal is a signal output to the controller in response to the output voltage of the standby power supply being lower than the threshold voltage detector;
And calculating the power supply time of the standby power supply.
26. The power supply time detection method according to claim 25, wherein
The threshold value indicates a predetermined relationship between the remaining energy of the backup power source and the energy when fully charged, thereby calculating a power supply time of the backup power source according to the time interval and the predetermined relationship.
27. The power supply time detection method according to claim 25, further comprising:
and in response to the output voltage of the standby power supply being below a threshold, turning on the external power supply, causing the external power supply to supply power to the load, and charging the standby power supply.
28. A power supply time detection method, comprising:
in response to receiving the detection command, performing the power supply time detection method according to one of claims 21 to 27; and
and estimating the health state of the standby power supply according to the calculated power supply time of the standby power supply.
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| CN108802627B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2021-05-25 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | Testing method, device and system for BBU independent power supply and readable storage medium |
| CN109065086A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-21 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | A kind of test macro storing power failure protection of equipment circuit |
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