CN107290747B - A kind of big preceding scenedsmus obliquus imaging method - Google Patents
A kind of big preceding scenedsmus obliquus imaging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107290747B CN107290747B CN201710439411.4A CN201710439411A CN107290747B CN 107290747 B CN107290747 B CN 107290747B CN 201710439411 A CN201710439411 A CN 201710439411A CN 107290747 B CN107290747 B CN 107290747B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/904—SAR modes
- G01S13/9041—Squint mode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9004—SAR image acquisition techniques
- G01S13/9017—SAR image acquisition techniques with time domain processing of the SAR signals in azimuth
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of big preceding scenedsmus obliquus (SAR) imaging method, this method is done distance to SAR raw radar data first and is compressed to the laggard row distance of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT)；Next carries out correction of walking about；The laggard line bend correction of orientation FFT is carried out again；Then it carries out distance and carries out high order phase compensation afterwards to inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT)；After finally carrying out orientation IFFT again, high-order term compensation in five rank Taylor expansions of orientation phase is carried out, orientation FFT is carried out to the compensated data in orientation, obtains final SAR image.Compared to traditional Squint SAR imaging method, this method can realize the SAR imaging compared with large slanting view angle machine, the high-precision SAR imaging being able to achieve under larger azimuth focus depth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of big preceding scenedsmus obliquus (SAR) imaging methods, belong to signal processing technology field.
Background technique
Synthetic aperture radar (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) is a kind of microwave for having high resolution
Imaging radar, SAR have round-the-clock, all weather operations and the remote particular advantages of operating distance.It is flat in the high motor-driven carrier of high speed
Under platform, SAR is applied in carrier terminal guidance, because it can find target under the adverse circumstances such as night, smog, the interference of strong light,
Therefore SAR is more suitable for the terminal guidance under complicated flight environment of vehicle and requires with seeking with complicated.But due to terminal guidance stage target seeker
It is usually operated under the conditions of big preceding angle of squint, conventional SAR imaging method is difficult to be applicable in, or even can not be imaged, and then serious shadow
Guidance precision is rung, therefore limits the application range of this technology.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of existing conventional method, provide it is a kind of it is big before scenedsmus obliquus at
Image space method, this method is on the basis of conventional method, for big preceding strabismus echo-signal orientation translation feature, by efficiently accurate
The high-precision imaging of large slanting view angle machine is realized in compensation deals.
What above-mentioned purpose of the invention was mainly achieved by following technical solution:
A kind of big preceding scenedsmus obliquus imaging method, radar are flown with speed v along YOZ plane and straight line AB, radar
Beam center irradiation ground point target T, A point be located on Z axis, radar is located at B point, θ after time t0For in radar beam
It understands without being told the angle of squint penetrated；The height on radar and ground is H0, when label radar is located at A point, radar is R at a distance from point target T0；
When label radar is located at B point, radar is at a distance from point target TThis method is specific
Including the following steps:
Step 1: to SAR raw radar data s0(τ, t) does distance to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT, and echo data is become
It shifts to and carries out Range compress in frequency domain-orientation time domain, by transformed data and Range compress factor H1(fτ, t) and it is multiplied,
Data S after obtaining Range compress2(fτ, t), wherein τ represents Distance Time, and t represents orientation time, fτIndicate frequency of distance；
Step 2: by the data S after Range compress2(fτ, t) and the correction factor H that walks about2(fτ, t) and it is multiplied, obtain school of walking about
Data S after just3(fτ,t)；
Step 3: to the data S after correction of walking about3(fτ, t) and orientation FFT is carried out, it transforms the data into apart from frequency domain-side
Curvature correction is carried out in the frequency domain of position, by transformed data and curvature correction factor H3(fτ,fa) be multiplied, after being bent correction
Data S5(fτ,fa), wherein faIndicate orientation frequency；
Step 4: to the data S after curvature correction5(fτ,fa) distance is carried out to inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT, it will count
High order phase compensation is carried out according to being converted into time domain-orientation frequency domain, by transformed data and high order phase compensating factor
H4(τ,fa) be multiplied, the data S after obtaining high order phase compensation7(τ,fa)；
Step 5: to the data S after high order phase compensation7(τ,fa) carry out orientation IFFT, transform the data into apart from when
Orientation compensation is carried out in domain-orientation time domain, by transformed data and orientation compensation factor H5(τ, t) is multiplied, and completes orientation and mends
It repays；Finally, carrying out orientation FFT to the compensated data in orientation, final SAR image is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1), how general the present invention solve thus bring by the range walk under accurately correction large slanting view angle machine and effectively
Strangle frequency modulation rate with the problem of orientation time change, it can be achieved that compared with large slanting view angle machine SAR be imaged；
(2), committed step in imaging method proposed by the present invention --- orientation compensation deals can effectively increase orientation
The depth of focus；
(3), imaging method proposed by the present invention can be realized, the high-precision of flying platform lower end guidance phases target seeker is big
Preceding strabismus imaging.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 for imaging method institute application scenarios of the invention space geometry relation schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the overall flow figure of imaging method of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
The present invention is a kind of big preceding scenedsmus obliquus imaging method, and the object of processing is the full aperture echo of radar
Data are obtaining the result is that a high-resolution SAR image.The space geometry relational graph such as Fig. 1 used in the method for the present invention
Shown, radar is flown with speed v along YOZ plane and straight line AB, and beam center irradiation ground point target T, the A point of radar is located at Z axis
On, radar is located at B point, θ after time t0For the angle of squint of radar beam center irradiation；The height on radar and ground is H0, mark
When note radar is located at A point, radar is R at a distance from point target T0；When label radar is located at B point, radar is at a distance from point target T
For R (t).
By the space geometry relational graph of Fig. 1 it is found that radar is at a distance from point target
The flow chart of the method for the present invention as shown in Fig. 2, including the following steps:
Step 1: Range compress；
To SAR raw radar data s0(τ, t) does distance to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT), and echo data is converted into
Range compress is carried out apart from frequency domain-orientation time domain, by the data and Range compress factor H after FFT transform1(fτ, t) and it is multiplied, it completes
Range compress.
Only consider the SAR raw radar data s of envelope and phase information0(τ, t) is indicated are as follows:
In formula (2), τ represents Distance Time, and t represents orientation time, ωr() is apart from envelope, and c is the light velocity, ωa(t) it is
Orientation envelope, exponent e xp indicate the phase of data, and first exponential term is orientation phase, and second exponential term is apart from phase.
λ indicates that radar wavelength, R (t) are moment t radar at a distance from point target, KrIt is the frequency modulation rate for emitting signal.
Using principle in phase bit (POSP), to raw radar data s0(τ, t) does distance to FFT, obtains transformed
Data S1(fτ, t):
Wherein, fτIndicate frequency of distance,Indicate the carrier frequency of transmitting signal.
Range compress factor H1(fτ, t) are as follows:
Formula (3) is multiplied with formula (4), the data S after obtaining Range compress2(fτ, t):
Step 2: correction of walking about；
By the data S after Range compress2(fτ, t) and the correction factor H that walks about2(fτ, t) and it is multiplied, complete correction of walking about.
Walk about correction factor H2(fτ, t) are as follows:
Formula (5) is multiplied with formula (6), obtains the data S after correcting that walks about3(fτ, t):
Step 3: curvature correction；
To the data S after correction of walking about3(fτ, t) and orientation FFT is carried out, it transforms the data into apart from frequency domain-orientation frequency domain
Interior carry out curvature correction, by the data and curvature correction factor H after FFT transform3(fτ,fa) be multiplied, complete curvature correction.
Using POSP, orientation FFT is carried out to formula (7), obtaining transformed data is S4(fτ,fa), ignore amplitude below
Influence, only provide phase information, have
S4(fτ,fa)=exp { j Φ4(fτ,fa)} (8)
Wherein, faIndicate orientation frequency, Φ4(fτ,fa) it is data S4(fτ,fa) phase, have
Radical in formula (9) is adjusted the distance frequency fτFirst order Taylor expansion is carried out, is had
Wherein,
Curvature correction factor H3(fτ,fa) are as follows:
Formula (10) are substituted into formula (8), are then multiplied with formula (11), and ignore orientation frequency outlier and orientation frequency line
Property item, be bent correction after data S5(fτ,fa) are as follows:
S5(fτ,fa)=exp { j Φ5(fτ,fa)} (12)
Its phase Φ5(fτ,fa) are as follows:
Φ5(fτ,faThe π R of)=- 40Qcosθ0 (13)
By radical Q other side's bit frequency f in formula (13)aFive rank Taylor expansions are carried out, are had
Step 4: high order phase compensation；
To the data S after curvature correction5(fτ,fa) distance is carried out to inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), it transforms the data into
To high order phase compensation is carried out in time domain-orientation frequency domain, by the transformed data of IFFT and high order phase compensating factor H4
(τ,fa) be multiplied, complete high order phase compensation.
High order phase compensating factor H4(τ,fa) are as follows:
Formula (14) are substituted into formula (12), POSP is recycled, distance is carried out to IFFT to formula (12), obtains transformed number
According to S6(τ,fa), then be multiplied with high order phase compensating factor, the data S after obtaining high order phase compensation7(τ,fa):
Step 5: orientation compensation；
To the data S after high order phase compensation7(τ,fa) orientation IFFT is carried out, it transforms the data into apart from time domain-orientation
Orientation compensation is carried out in time domain, by the transformed data of IFFT and orientation compensation factor H5(τ, t) is multiplied, and completes orientation compensation.
Finally, carrying out orientation FFT to the compensated data in orientation, final SAR image is obtained.
Because orientation translation space-variant is only related with orientation frequency high-order term, ignore orientation frequency outlier and side in formula (16)
Bit frequency linear term recycles POSP to carry out orientation IFFT to it, obtains transformed data S8(τ, t), has
S8(τ, t)=exp { j Φ8(τ,t)} (17)
Its phase are as follows:
Φ8(τ, t)=- j π Ka(tc)t2 (18)
Wherein,tcIndicate that the moment is passed through at the azimuth beam center of point target.
K in formula (18)a(tc) indicate that doppler frequency rate changes with the orientation time, illustrate the signal no longer side of reservation
Position translation invariant characteristic, this is to walk about to correct bring influence, it is necessary to is compensated by.
By Ka(tc) moment t is passed through to beam centercThe second Taylor series are carried out, are had
Orientation compensation factor is H5(τ, t):
Formula (19) are substituted into formula (18), then substitute into formula (17), and the formula (17) after substitution is multiplied with formula (20), the side of obtaining
The compensated data S in position9(τ, t), it is clear that after orientation compensation, without the secondary and above high order phase in the phase of data.Most
Afterwards, orientation FFT is carried out to the compensated data in orientation, to complete entire imaging, obtains the SAR figure of vernier focusing
Picture.
The present invention proposes a kind of big preceding scenedsmus obliquus imaging method, and this method is first to SAR original echo number
It is compressed according to distance is done to the laggard row distance of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT)；Next carries out correction of walking about；Orientation FFT is carried out again
Laggard line bend correction；Then it carries out distance and carries out high order phase compensation afterwards to inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT)；Finally again
After carrying out orientation IFFT, orientation compensation is carried out, orientation FFT is carried out to the compensated data in orientation, obtains final SAR figure
Picture.Compared to traditional Squint SAR imaging method, this method can realize the SAR imaging compared with large slanting view angle machine, be able to achieve target seeker end system
Lead the high-precision SAR imaging under stage larger azimuth focus depth.
The above, optimal specific embodiment only of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the well-known technique of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of big preceding scenedsmus obliquus imaging method, radar are flown with speed v along YOZ plane and straight line AB, radar
Beam center irradiation ground point target T, A point is located on Z axis, and radar is located at B point, θ after time t0For radar beam center
The angle of squint of irradiation；The height on radar and ground is H0, when label radar is located at A point, radar is R at a distance from point target T0；Mark
When note radar is located at B point, radar is at a distance from point target TIt is characterized in that, the party
Method specifically includes following steps:
Step 1: to SAR raw radar data s0(τ, t) does distance to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) FFT, and echo data is converted into
Range compress is carried out in frequency domain-orientation time domain, by transformed data and Range compress factor H1(fτ, t) and it is multiplied, it obtains
Data S after Range compress2(fτ, t), wherein τ is Distance Time, and t is orientation time, fτIndicate frequency of distance；
Wherein, Range compress factor H1(fτ, t) are as follows:KrIndicate the frequency modulation rate of transmitting signal；
Only consider the SAR raw radar data s of envelope and information0(τ, t) is indicated are as follows:
Wherein, ωr() is apart from envelope, and c is the light velocity, ωaIt (t) is orientation envelope, the phase of exponent e xp expression data, first
A exponential term is orientation phase, and second exponential term is apart from phase, and λ indicates radar wavelength；
To raw radar data s0(τ, t) does distance to FFT, obtains transformed data S1(fτ, t):
Wherein,Indicate the carrier frequency of transmitting signal；
Data S after Range compress2(fτ, t) and it indicates are as follows:
Step 2: by the data S after Range compress2(fτ, t) and walk about compared with positive divisor H2(fτ, t) and it is multiplied, after the calibration that obtains walking about
Data S3(fτ,t)；
Wherein, walk about correction factor H2(fτ, t) are as follows:fτIndicate distance frequency
Rate；f0Indicate the carrier frequency of transmitting signal, θ0For the angle of squint of radar beam center irradiation, c is the light velocity；
The data S to walk about after correcting3(fτ, t):
Step 3: to the data S after correction of walking about3(fτ, t) and orientation FFT is carried out, obtain S4(fτ,fa), transform the data into away from
Curvature correction is carried out in off-frequency domain-orientation frequency domain, by transformed data and curvature correction factor H3(fτ,fa) be multiplied, it obtains curved
Data S after Qu Jiaozheng5(fτ,fa), wherein faFor orientation frequency；
Wherein, curvature correction factor H3(fτ,fa) are as follows:
fαIndicate orientation frequency；
Data S4(fτ,fa) phase be Φ4(fτ,fa):
By Φ4(fτ,fa) in radical adjust the distance frequency fτFirst order Taylor expansion is carried out, is had:
Wherein,
Bring this first order Taylor into S4(fτ,fa)=exp { j Φ4(fτ,fa), then with curvature correction factor H3(fτ,
fa) be multiplied, ignore orientation frequency outlier and orientation frequency linearity item, the data S after being bent correction5(fτ,fa)；
Step 4: to the data S after curvature correction5(fτ,fa) distance is carried out to inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT, data are become
The progress high order phase compensation in time domain-orientation frequency domain is shifted to, by transformed data and high order phase compensating factor H4(τ,
fa) be multiplied, the data S after obtaining high order phase compensation7(τ,fa)；
Wherein, high order phase compensating factor H4(τ,fa) are as follows:
Data S after curvature correction5(fτ,fa) are as follows: S5(fτ,fa)=exp { j Φ5(fτ,fa), phase Φ5(fτ,fa) are as follows:
Φ5(fτ,faThe π R of)=- 40Qcosθ0；
By phase Φ5(fτ,fa) in radical Q other side's bit frequency faFive rank Taylor expansions are carried out, are had:
To data S5(fτ,fa) distance is carried out to inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT, obtain transformed data S6(τ,fa), then with
High order phase compensating factor is multiplied, the data S after obtaining high order phase compensation7(τ,fa):
Step 5: to the data S after high order phase compensation7(τ,fa) orientation IFFT is carried out, it transforms the data into apart from time domain-
Orientation compensation is carried out in orientation time domain, by transformed data and orientation compensation factor H5(τ, t) is multiplied, and completes orientation compensation；
Finally, carrying out orientation FFT to the compensated data in orientation, final SAR image is obtained
Wherein, orientation compensation factor is H5(τ, t):
Ignore S7(τ,fa) in orientation frequency outlier and orientation frequency linearity item, then carry out orientation IFFT, obtain transformed
Data S8(τ, t) is S8(τ, t)=exp { j Φ8(τ, t) }, phase are as follows:
Φ8(τ, t)=- j π Ka(tc)t2
Wherein,tcAt the time of indicating that point target passes through azimuth beam center；
By data S8(τ, t) is multiplied with orientation compensation factor, obtains the compensated data S in orientation9(τ, t), finally to data S9
(τ, t) carries out orientation FFT, obtains final SAR image.
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| CN102176016A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-09-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Large squint sliding spotlight SAR (synthetic aperture radar) imaging processing method |
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