CN107286976B - A kind of ionic liquid and its breaking method for heavy crude demulsification - Google Patents
A kind of ionic liquid and its breaking method for heavy crude demulsification Download PDFInfo
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- CN107286976B CN107286976B CN201710577582.3A CN201710577582A CN107286976B CN 107286976 B CN107286976 B CN 107286976B CN 201710577582 A CN201710577582 A CN 201710577582A CN 107286976 B CN107286976 B CN 107286976B
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- trimethyl ammonium
- demulsification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G33/00—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G33/04—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with chemical means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ionic liquid and its breaking method for heavy crude demulsification, wherein the ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification is N alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides or N alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides；The preparation method of the N alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides：It is dissolved in 20 moles of triethylamines and 25 mMs of alkyl bromides in toluene 100mL and is mixed with N alkyl bromination ammoniums；1 mol 1 methylimidazole and 1 mol N alkyl bromination ammoniums are mixed in reaction tube, then N alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides are prepared with 1 mol 1 picoline reaction；The preparation method of the N alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides：10 mMs of trialkylamine and 20 mMs of chloromethanes are mixed with N alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides in the reaction tube for fill dichloromethane.Demulsification of the present invention is good, solves the problems, such as that existing demulsification technology can not meet heavy crude oilfield exploitation and transport.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ionic liquid for improving in-situ combustion heavy oil recovery or pitch, and in particular to one kind is used for weight
The ionic liquid and its breaking method of matter crude oil demulsification.
Background technology
Heavy oil reserves account for the 80% of global oil in place, due to economic and exploitation difficulty reason, heavy crude aqueous mixtures
To separate water into before shipping.Oil extraction process invariably accompanies the formation of water and stable oil-in-water emulsion, and this is stone
Frequently problem, most commonly water-in-oil emulsion in oily industry.It is very that emulsion is formed in the production process of oil
The problem of serious, it causes very major injury to some expensive equipment and chemical products.The tables such as pitch, wax, colloid, and aphthenic acids
It is scattered in crude oil that the presence of face activating agent promotes water droplet.These naturally occurring emulsifying agents contain in heavy crude is than light crude oil
Amount is higher, more abundant, and therefore, the emulsion formed in heavy crude is more stable.
The chemical demulsifier demulsification of addition surfactant is the commercial run of the destruction crude oil emulsion most frequently used,
But in the high viscosity viscous crude of oil-in-water type, this process is extremely difficult, and the time that is demulsified is longer.Existing demulsification
Technical functionality is single, it is impossible to meets the actual demand of heavy crude oilfield exploitation and transport.
It is a kind of method for having very much commercial promise that ionic liquid, which carries out crude oil demulsification dehydration, under microwave irradiation, therefore, is sought
Look for a kind of ionic liquid suitable for heavy crude demulsification and realize that heavy crude demulsification is this area under microwave cooperating effect
One of urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
It is this to be used for heavy crude it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification
The ionic liquid of demulsification is single for solving existing demulsification technology function, it is impossible to meets heavy crude oilfield exploitation and transport
The problem of actual demand；It is a further object to provide the demulsification side of this ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification
Method.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：This ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification
For N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides or N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides；
The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides：
In the glass flask equipped with reflux condenser and magnetic stirring apparatus, by 20 moles of triethylamine and 25 mMs of alkane
Bromide compound is dissolved in toluene 100mL and mixed, and reactant mixture is heated into 90 DEG C, while stirred under microwave irradiation
60min, cool down at room temperature, and vacuum filter, powder are washed with the mL of n-hexane 50, product vacuum dried, put in 80 DEG C
24h is put, obtains N- alkyl bromination ammoniums；
1 mol 1- methylimidazoles and 1 mol N- alkyl bromination ammoniums are mixed in reaction tube, stirred with magnetic stirring apparatus
Mixture is mixed, while is heated with microwave radiation, 120 DEG C of standings is cooled to after 8 minutes, is reacted with 1 mol 1- picolines；
After crude product recrystallizes twice under ethanol and 80 DEG C of vacuum dried condition, N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides are obtained；
The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides：
10 mMs of trialkylamine and 20 mMs of chloromethanes are mixed in the reaction tube for fill dichloromethane,
Magnetic stirrer mixture is used after being heated using microwave radiation, while is cooled to 50 DEG C and stands 30 minutes；The mixture exists
Stand, filtered under vacuum dried condition at room temperature, with 30 milliliters of hexane washing powders, then dried under 80 DEG C of vacuum conditions
12 hours, obtained solid was N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides.
A kind of ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification is N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides or N- alkyl trimethyl chlorinations
Ammonium；
The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides：
In the glass flask equipped with reflux condenser and magnetic stirring apparatus, by 20 moles of triethylamine and 25 mMs of alkane
Bromide compound is dissolved in toluene 100mL and mixed, and reactant mixture is heated into 90 DEG C, while stirred under microwave irradiation
60min, cool down at room temperature, and vacuum filter, powder are washed with the mL of n-hexane 50, product vacuum dried, put in 80 DEG C
24h is put, obtains N- alkyl bromination ammoniums；
1 mol 1- picolines and 1 mol N- alkyl bromination ammoniums are mixed in reaction tube, stirred with magnetic stirring apparatus
Mix mixture, while heated with microwave radiation, be cooled to 120 DEG C kept for 8 minutes after, reacted with 1 mol 1- picolines；
After crude product recrystallizes twice under ethanol and 80 DEG C of vacuum dried condition, N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides are obtained；
The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides：
10 mMs of trialkylamine and 20 mMs of chloromethanes are mixed in the reaction tube for fill dichloromethane,
Magnetic stirrer mixture is used after being heated using microwave radiation, while is cooled to 50 DEG C and stands 30 minutes；The mixture exists
Stand, filtered under vacuum dried condition at room temperature, with 30 milliliters of hexane washing powders, then dried under 80 DEG C of vacuum conditions
12 hours, obtained solid was N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides.
The breaking method of the above-mentioned ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification：
The dehydration test bottle equipped with crude oil emulsion sample, it has been put into microwave heating container, has added 50-150mg/L institutes
That states is used for the ionic liquid of heavy crude demulsification, the addition and crude oil of the described ionic liquid for being used for heavy crude demulsification
Emulsion sample volume is identical, under 450W power, irradiates 50s, deviates from oily moisture content 9.4-9.6%, abjection water oil content 103-
109mg/L。
The invention has the advantages that：
1st, microwave can be directed to oil-water interfaces by ionic liquid provided by the invention as demulsifier, by promoting interface
Viscosity and temperature rise, while the dielectric constant of water is more than the dielectric constant of oil, the microwave energy absorbed in microwave irradiation
Amount is much larger than oil droplet, therefore drop volume is expanded rapidly so as to cause the rupture of oil-water interfacial film, so as to improve demulsification.
2nd, it is single to solve existing demulsification technology function by the present invention, it is impossible to meets heavy crude oilfield exploitation and transport
The problem of actual demand.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below：
Embodiment 1：
This ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification is N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides.
The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides：
In the glass flask equipped with reflux condenser and magnetic stirring apparatus, by 20 moles of triethylamine and 25 mMs of alkane
Bromide compound is dissolved in toluene 100mL and mixed, and reactant mixture is heated into 90 DEG C, while stirred under microwave irradiation
60min, cool down at room temperature, and vacuum filter, powder are washed with the mL of n-hexane 50, product vacuum dried, put in 80 DEG C
24h is put, obtains N- alkyl bromination ammoniums；
1 mol 1- methylimidazoles and 1 mol N- alkyl bromination ammoniums are mixed in reaction tube, stirred with magnetic stirring apparatus
Mix mixture, while heated with microwave radiation, be cooled to 120 DEG C kept for 8 minutes after, reacted with 1 mol 1- picolines；
After crude product recrystallizes twice under ethanol and 80 DEG C of vacuum dried condition, N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides are obtained.
The N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides breaking method：
The dehydration test bottle equipped with crude oil emulsion sample, it has been put into microwave heating container, has added 50-150mg/L institutes
The N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide ionic liquids stated, the addition and crude oil of described N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide ionic liquids
Emulsion sample volume is identical, under 450W power, irradiates 50s, deviates from oily moisture content 9.4-9.6%, abjection water oil content 103-
109mg/L。
Embodiment 2：
This ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification is N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides.
The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides：
10 mMs of trialkylamine and 20 mMs of chloromethanes are mixed in the reaction tube for fill dichloromethane,
Reaction tube is normal pressure, and magnetic stirrer mixture is used after being heated using microwave radiation, while is cooled to 50 DEG C and stands 30 points
Clock；The mixture is stood at room temperature, is filtered under vacuum dried condition, then true at 80 DEG C with 30 milliliters of hexane washing powders
Dried 12 hours under empty condition, obtained solid is N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides.
The N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides breaking method：
The dehydration test bottle equipped with crude oil emulsion sample, it has been put into microwave heating container, has added 50-150mg/L institutes
The N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ionic liquids stated, the addition and crude oil of described N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ionic liquids
Emulsion sample volume is identical, under 450W power, irradiates 50s, deviates from oily moisture content 9.4-9.6%, abjection water oil content 103-
109mg/L。
Embodiment 3：
This ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification is N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides.
The preparation method of stated N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides：
In the glass flask equipped with reflux condenser and magnetic stirring apparatus, by 20 moles of triethylamine and 25 mMs of alkane
Bromide compound is dissolved in toluene 100mL and mixed, and reactant mixture is heated into 90 DEG C, while stirred under microwave irradiation
60min, cool down at room temperature, and vacuum filter, powder are washed with the mL of n-hexane 50, product vacuum dried, put in 80 DEG C
24h is put, obtains N- alkyl bromination ammoniums；
1 mol 1- picolines and 1 mol N- alkyl bromination ammoniums are mixed in reaction tube, stirred with magnetic stirring apparatus
Mix mixture, while heated with microwave radiation, be cooled to 120 DEG C kept for 8 minutes after, reacted with 1 mol 1- picolines；
After crude product recrystallizes twice under ethanol and 80 DEG C of vacuum dried condition, N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides are obtained.
Ionic liquid refers in room temperature or close to liquid, the salt that is made up of completely zwitterion is presented at room temperature,
Referred to as low temperature molten salt, there is low melting point, high chemically and thermally stability, wide electrochemical window, the advantageous property such as property is adjustable.
In order to verify the effect of the present invention, ionic liquid concentration is influenceed to emulsus by carrying out multiple batches of control experiment checking
The factor of the effect of liquid, and heavy crude emulsion is have evaluated after ionic liquid is added in the case of microwave is heated with two kinds at room temperature
Demulsification efficiency.
Laboratory apparatus：Model.AE300.S-H emulsifiers（Shanghai Ang Ni instrument and meters Co., Ltd）；MCR-3 type microwaves
Chemical reactor（Ke Rui Instrument Ltd. of Gongyi City）；Microscope（Model N117M, it is equipped with 5Mp digital cameras, Beijing Novi
Optical Co., Ltd/China）；Insulating box；Agitator.
Experiment material：Experiment oil is the heavy crude of Liaohe Oil Field（The average g/cm of oil density 0.96863, crude oil glues
Degree 2639mPa.s, -7 DEG C~-13 DEG C of freezing point, sulfur content 0.29%, paraffin content 5.8%, colloid add asphalt content 32.7%）；
Most of oil field emulsion salinities are 30000ppm, therefore experimental water is simulation salt solution（Sodium chloride-containing 3wt%）.
First, oil product is loaded in sealing container, is put into 60 DEG C of insulating boxs and activates 2 hours, stir 1 hour.By crude oil and mould
Intend salt solution according to 7:3 ratios mix, and are stirred 45 minutes, obtained with 3000rpm speed by emulsifier in 60 DEG C of water bath
To stable W/O emulsion.Droplets size distribution is carried out by using microscope（DSD）Measurement, test proves twice, preparation
Emulsion particle diameter is coarse emulsion between 6 ~ 8 microns.The emulsion of preparation stands 6 months at room temperature, does not observe obvious
Lamination, therefore emulsion stability reaches requirement of experiment.
2nd, to determine influence of the ionic liquid concentration to heavy thick oil emulsion breaking effect, the ionic liquid of various concentrations is configured
Tested.
Preprocessed good crude oil emulsion sample is moved in dehydration test bottle, added at 100mL graduation marks.Respectively
Dehydration test bottle equipped with crude oil emulsion sample, it is put into water bath with thermostatic control and has in the container that microwave heats, makes newborn in dehydration test bottle
Shape liquid temperature degree rises to predetermined 80 DEG C of experimental temperature, thermometer is inserted in the blank control bottle equipped with emulsion sample, to determine
Experimental temperature, the liquid level of sample need to be less than the liquid level of water bath with thermostatic control in dehydration test bottle.
Configuration concentration is respectively 50,100 and 150mg/L ionic liquid, and the ion of equivalent is added into 100mL emulsion
After liquid is sufficiently stirred one minute, it is reentered into the container of water bath with thermostatic control heating.Artificial succusion is selected to enter dehydration test bottle
Row processing.Dehydrating amount is recorded on stipulated time point, needed at the end of standing sedimentation record dehydrating amount, observe oil-water interfaces situation and
Aqueous phase cleannes.
Various concentrations（50,100,150mg/L）Ionic liquid demulsification performance contrast and experiment
Contrasted by the demulsification of the ionic liquid of various concentrations, as a result show demulsification efficiency as demulsifier concentration increases
Add and increase.Main cause is under this concentration, and water/oil interface is completely covered in demulsification agent molecule, will promote emulsion stabilization
The naturally occurring emulsifying agent such as asphalitine displaced from interface, the diaphragm for causing to present around scattered water droplet can be thinning, then breaks
Split and coalesce.
3rd, to determine influence of the microwave irradiation to demulsification, microwave irradiation is respectively adopted and traditional heating mode is carried out
Check experiment.
Respectively the dehydration test bottle equipped with 100mL crude oil emulsion samples, the appearance for being put into water bath with thermostatic control and thering is microwave to heat
In device, into water bath with thermostatic control, the blank control bottle insertion thermometer equipped with emulsion sample, carrys out determination experiment temperature.Water bath with thermostatic control
After interior temperature rises to predetermined 80 DEG C of experimental temperature, the ionic liquid that 20mL concentration is 100mg/L is added；In microwave heating container
Original sample, after adding equivalent isoconcentration ionic liquid, under 450W power, irradiate 50s.Two groups of samples are using artificial vibration
Method is handled dehydration test bottle.Dehydrating amount is recorded on stipulated time point, needs to record dehydrating amount, observation at the end of standing sedimentation
Oil-water interfaces situation and aqueous phase cleannes.
Different ionic liquid demulsification performance contrast and experiment
Contrasted by the demulsification of microwave heating and traditional heating, the demulsification efficiency that as a result display is heated using microwave will
More much higher than traditional heating efficiency, main cause is that microwave can be directed to oil-water interfaces by ionic liquid as demulsifier, is led to
Cross and promote interfacial viscosity and temperature rise, while the dielectric constant of water is more than the dielectric constant of oil, is inhaled in microwave irradiation
The microwave energy of receipts is much larger than oil droplet, therefore drop volume is expanded rapidly so as to cause the rupture of oil-water interfacial film, so as to improve
Demulsification.
The demulsification efficiency of heavy crude emulsion can be effectively improved using ionic liquid.Coupled ion is heated using microwave
The method of liquid demulsification can obtain higher demulsification efficiency in the short period of time.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification, it is characterised in that：This ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification Body is N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides or N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides；The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides：In the glass flask equipped with reflux condenser and magnetic stirring apparatus, by 20 moles of triethylamine and 25 mMs of alkyl bromides Compound is dissolved in 100mL toluene, mixing, reactant mixture is heated into 90 DEG C, while stirs 60min under microwave irradiation, Cool down at room temperature, and vacuum filter, powder are washed with 50 mL n-hexanes, product vacuum are dried, and 24h is placed in 80 DEG C, Obtain N- alkyl bromination ammoniums；1 mol 1- methylimidazoles and 1 mol N- alkyl bromination ammoniums are mixed in reaction tube, mixed with magnetic stirrer Compound, while heated with microwave radiation, 120 DEG C of standings are cooled to after 8 minutes, are reacted with 1 mol 1- picolines；Thick production After thing recrystallizes twice under ethanol and 80 DEG C of vacuum dried condition, N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides are obtained；The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides：10 mMs of trialkylamine and 20 mMs of chloromethanes are mixed in the reaction tube for fill dichloromethane, used Magnetic stirrer mixture is used after microwave radiation heating, while is cooled to 50 DEG C and stands 30 minutes；The mixture is in room temperature Lower standing, filter under vacuum dried condition, with 30 milliliters of hexane washing powders, it is small that 12 are then dried under 80 DEG C of vacuum conditions When, obtained solid is N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides.
- A kind of 2. ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification, it is characterised in that：This ionic liquid for heavy crude demulsification Body is N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides or N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides；The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides：In the glass flask equipped with reflux condenser and magnetic stirring apparatus, by 20 moles of triethylamine and 25 mMs of alkyl bromides Compound is dissolved in 100mL toluene, mixing, reactant mixture is heated into 90 DEG C, while stirs 60min under microwave irradiation, Cool down at room temperature, and vacuum filter, powder are washed with 50 mL n-hexanes, product vacuum are dried, and 24h is placed in 80 DEG C, Obtain N- alkyl bromination ammoniums；1 mol 1- picolines and 1 mol N- alkyl bromination ammoniums are mixed in reaction tube, mixed with magnetic stirrer Compound, while heated with microwave radiation, 120 DEG C of standings are cooled to after 8 minutes, are reacted with 1 mol 1- picolines；Thick production After thing recrystallizes twice under ethanol and 80 DEG C of vacuum dried condition, N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides are obtained；The preparation method of the N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides：10 mMs of trialkylamine and 20 mMs of chloromethanes are mixed in the reaction tube for fill dichloromethane, used Magnetic stirrer mixture is used after microwave radiation heating, while is cooled to 50 DEG C and stands 30 minutes；The mixture is in room temperature Lower standing, filter under vacuum dried condition, with 30 milliliters of hexane washing powders, it is small that 12 are then dried under 80 DEG C of vacuum conditions When, obtained solid is N- alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides.
- 3. a kind of breaking method of the ionic liquid for being used for heavy crude demulsification described in claim 1 or 2, its feature exist In：The dehydration test bottle equipped with crude oil emulsion sample, it has been put into microwave heating container, has added described in 50-150mg/L For the ionic liquid of heavy crude demulsification, the addition and crude oil emulsus of the described ionic liquid for being used for heavy crude demulsification Liquid sample volume is identical, under 450W power, irradiates 50s, deviates from oily moisture content 9.4-9.6%, abjection water oil content 103- 109mg/L。
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| CN102140365B (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2013-08-14 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Acid-containing crude oil demulsifying agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN102453497B (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2014-05-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Demulsification method for hydrocarbon oil |
| MX2011003848A (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2012-10-29 | Mexicano Inst Petrol | Dehydrating and desalting median, heavy and extra-heavy oils using ionic liquids and their formulations. |
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