CN107283832B - Method for the layered production of a three-dimensional object - Google Patents
Method for the layered production of a three-dimensional object Download PDFInfo
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- CN107283832B CN107283832B CN201710627634.3A CN201710627634A CN107283832B CN 107283832 B CN107283832 B CN 107283832B CN 201710627634 A CN201710627634 A CN 201710627634A CN 107283832 B CN107283832 B CN 107283832B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for layerwise production of a three-dimensional object, comprising the steps of: step one, mixing and stirring elastomer powder and soluble polymer powder uniformly to obtain a powder material for manufacturing a three-dimensional object in a layered manner; step two, preparing the powder material for manufacturing the three-dimensional object in a layered mode into a product through a 3D printer; step three, immersing the product in a solvent to completely dissolve the soluble polymer powder, and taking out the product; and step four, drying the product to finally obtain the product with the porous structure. The manufacturing method of the product can generate uniformly distributed hollow structures in the product, can enhance the elasticity of the product, can reduce the weight of the product, and simultaneously ensures the original wear resistance of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object in a layered mode.
background
The 3D printing is a general name of a type of additive manufacturing technology for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by adding materials layer by layer, and the core principle of the technology is as follows: "layered manufacturing, layer-by-layer stacking" is similar to the process of triple integration of cylindrical coordinates in higher mathematics. Different from traditional material reduction manufacturing, the 3D printing technology integrates and runs through technologies such as machinery, materials, computers, communication, control technologies and biomedicine, has the advantages of shortening the product development period, reducing the research and development cost, integrally manufacturing products with complex shapes and the like, and can possibly have important influence on the production mode of the manufacturing industry and the life style of human beings in the future. According to the forming mechanism of 3D printing, 3D printing is generally divided into two main categories: the manufacturing of deposition raw materials and bonding raw materials covers more than ten specific three-dimensional rapid manufacturing technologies, and 5 mature technologies with practical application potential are available: SLA-stereolithography, FDM-volumetric modeling, LOM-layered solid fabrication, 3 DP-three-dimensional powder bonding, and SLS-selective laser sintering.
Taking Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) as an example, SLS is a rapid prototyping technology widely used at present, and the principle of the prototyping process is as follows: firstly establishing a computer three-dimensional model of a target part, then slicing the three-dimensional model by using layering software to obtain data information of each processing layer, and scanning and sintering a heat-fusible powder material layer by using a laser beam under the control of a computer according to the slicing layer information to finally finish the processing and manufacturing of the target part.
Taking manufacturing of soles and insoles as an example, the traditional soles and insoles are manufactured by adopting a foaming technology, and gas is generated through reaction in polymerization, so that the soles have excellent elasticity and small density, but the soles prepared by the method are often insufficient in wear resistance, and a layer of wear-resistant material is required to be attached in actual use; the sole and the insole which are made by adopting the selective laser sintering method can directly adopt materials with good wear resistance, but the density of the finished piece is higher and the elasticity is not enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object in a layered mode, wherein elastomer powder and soluble polymer powder are creatively stirred and uniformly mixed together to prepare a powder material for manufacturing the three-dimensional object in the layered mode.
The invention provides a method for layerwise manufacturing of a three-dimensional object, comprising the steps of:
Step one, mixing and stirring elastomer powder and soluble polymer powder uniformly to obtain a powder material for manufacturing a three-dimensional object in a layered manner;
Secondly, preparing a product by selective laser sintering of the powder material for manufacturing the three-dimensional object in a layered manner;
Step three, immersing the product in a solvent to dissolve soluble polymer powder in the product, and taking out the product;
and step four, drying the product to finally obtain the product with the porous structure.
in a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the elastomer powder to the soluble polymer powder is 9-5: 1-5.
in a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the average particle size of the soluble polymer powder is 1.2 to 1.8 times the average particle size of the elastomer powder.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elastomer powder is TPE powder. It is worth mentioning that TPU is only the most preferred embodiment of the elastomer powder of the present invention, in practical applications, lower classes of TPE such as TPEE can be used as alternatives of the elastomer powder, and other classes of elastomer powder are not described herein.
In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soluble polymer powder is a water-soluble polymer powder or an alcohol-soluble polymer powder. It is worth mentioning that the PVA powder is only the most preferable solution for the water-soluble polymer powder of the present invention, and in practical applications, the water-soluble polymers are generally classified into three categories according to the sources: (I) a natural water-soluble polymer. Is prepared by extracting natural animals and plants as raw materials. Such as starches, cellulose, vegetable gums, animal gums, and the like; (II) chemically modifying the natural polymer. Mainly comprises modified starch and modified cellulose. Such as carboxymethyl starch, starch acetate, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.; the synthetic polymer includes both polymeric resins and condensation resins, such as Polyacrylamide (PAM), Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The hydration groups connected according to the macromolecular chain are divided into: non-ionic and ionic. The charge property is divided into: nonionic, cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic polymers, the latter three of which are polyelectrolytes. Associative polymers and non-associative polymers are further classified according to whether a stronger non-covalent bond linkage exists between the groups. Due to the limitation of the prior art, the first type of natural water-soluble polymer and the second type of chemically modified natural polymer may not be suitable for materials for manufacturing three-dimensional objects in a layered manner, and the third type of synthetic polymer, such as PAM, HPAM, PVP, and the like, which can be used for manufacturing three-dimensional objects in a layered manner, can be used as protection content of the present invention, and other types of water-soluble polymer powder materials and alcohol-soluble polymer powder are not repeated herein.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solvent is water or an alcohol solvent. It is worth mentioning that when the soluble polymer powder is water-soluble polymer powder, the solvent is preferably water; when the soluble polymer powder is an alcohol-soluble polymer powder, the solvent is preferably an alcohol solvent.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solvent may be heated in step three, and the heating temperature of the solvent is required to be 70 ℃ or higher. Due to the difference of the boiling points of the water and the alcohol solvent and the consideration of safety, if the solvent is water, the heating temperature of the water needs to reach more than 90 ℃, and if the solvent is the alcohol solvent, the heating temperature of the alcohol solvent needs to reach more than 70 ℃, and the heating temperature is ensured to be within a safe temperature range. It is thus clear that water and alcohol solvents, which are solvents of the present invention, are readily available, low cost, environmentally friendly, highly safe, and removable by heating.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the powder material for layered manufacturing of three-dimensional objects further includes an additive, and the additive accounts for 0.1% to 1% of the total mass of the raw materials.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the additive is one or more of a flow aid, an antioxidant and a whitening agent.
The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional object in a layering way has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method creatively and uniformly stirs and mixes the elastomer powder and the soluble polymer powder together to prepare the powder material for manufacturing the three-dimensional object in a layering way, the powder material is adopted to prepare the product, and the principle that the soluble polymer powder can be dissolved in a solvent is utilized, so that a uniformly distributed cavity structure is generated in the product, the elasticity of the product can be enhanced, the weight of the product can be reduced, and the original wear resistance of the product can be ensured;
(2) The soluble polymer powder is also melted and solidified under laser, so that the soluble polymer powder with larger particle size is required to be used for reducing the melting and solidification of the soluble polymer powder, and the dissolution of the water-soluble polymer powder in later processes is facilitated;
(3) according to different water-soluble polymer powder adding proportions, the void ratio of the product is different, and the product can be adjusted according to actual use requirements, so that the method is very practical and convenient.
Detailed Description
the first embodiment is as follows:
(a) 2Kg of TPU powder with D50 of 80um and 5g of flow aid were mixed and stirred to obtain a powder mixture for selective laser sintering. Comparative example
(b) And (3) using the mixed powder for selective laser sintering to obtain a sample block.
(c) And (3) putting the sintered sample block into water, and heating the water to 95 ℃ until the PVA powder is completely dissolved.
(d) And drying the treated sample block to remove water to obtain the sample block with the porous structure.
Example two:
(a) 1.8Kg of TPU powder with D50 of 80um, 0.2Kg of PVA powder with 0.2KgD50 of 100um and 5g of flow aid are mixed and stirred to obtain mixed powder for selective laser sintering.
(b) And (3) using the mixed powder for selective laser sintering to obtain a sample block.
(c) And (3) putting the sintered sample block into water, and heating the water to 95 ℃ until the PVA powder is completely dissolved.
(d) And drying the treated sample block to remove water to obtain the sample block with the porous structure.
example three:
(a) 1.0Kg of TPU powder with D50 of 80um, 1.0Kg of PVA powder with 1.0KgD50 of 100um and 5g of flow aid are mixed and stirred to obtain mixed powder for selective laser sintering.
(b) And (3) using the mixed powder for selective laser sintering to obtain a sample block.
(c) And (3) putting the sintered sample block into water, and heating the water to 95 ℃ until the PVA powder is completely dissolved.
(d) And drying the treated sample block to remove water to obtain the sample block with the porous structure.
Example four:
(a) 0.5Kg of TPU powder with D50 of 80um, 1.5Kg of PVA powder with 1.5KgD50 of 100um and 5g of flow aid are mixed and stirred to obtain mixed powder for selective laser sintering.
(b) and (3) using the mixed powder for selective laser sintering to obtain a sample block.
(c) And (3) putting the sintered sample block into water, and heating the water to 95 ℃ until the PVA powder is completely dissolved.
(d) And drying the treated sample block to remove water to obtain the sample block with the porous structure.
Example five:
(a) 1.0Kg of TPU powder with D50 of 80um, 1.0Kg of PVA powder with 1.0KgD50 of 80um and 5g of flow aid are mixed and stirred to obtain mixed powder for selective laser sintering.
(b) And (3) using the mixed powder for selective laser sintering to obtain a sample block.
(c) And (3) putting the sintered sample block into water, and heating the water to 95 ℃ until the PVA powder is completely dissolved.
(d) And drying the treated sample block to remove water to obtain the sample block with the porous structure.
Example six:
(a) 1.0Kg of TPU powder with D50 of 80um, 1.0Kg of PVA powder with 1.0KgD50 of 100um and 5g of flow aid are mixed and stirred to obtain mixed powder for selective laser sintering.
(b) And (3) using the mixed powder for selective laser sintering to obtain a sample block.
(c) and (3) putting the sintered sample block into water, and heating the water to 80 ℃ until the PVA powder is completely dissolved.
(d) and drying the treated sample block to remove water to obtain the sample block with the porous structure.
Example seven:
(a) 1.0Kg of TPE powder with D50 of 80um, 1.0Kg of PVA powder with 1.0KgD50 of 100um and 5g of flow aid were mixed and stirred to obtain a mixed powder for selective laser sintering.
(b) And (3) using the mixed powder for selective laser sintering to obtain a sample block.
(c) And (3) putting the sintered sample block into water, and heating the water to 95 ℃ until the PVA powder is completely dissolved.
(d) And drying the treated sample block to remove water to obtain the sample block with the porous structure.
example eight:
(a) 1.0Kg of TPEE powder with D50 of 80um, 1.0Kg of PVA powder with 1.0KgD50 of 100um and 5g of flow aid were mixed and stirred to obtain a mixed powder for selective laser sintering.
(b) And (3) using the mixed powder for selective laser sintering to obtain a sample block.
(c) And (3) putting the sintered sample block into water, and heating the water to 95 ℃ until the PVA powder is completely dissolved.
(d) and drying the treated sample block to remove water to obtain the sample block with the porous structure.
TABLE 1 Properties of products obtained with the powder materials for the layered manufacture of three-dimensional objects of examples one to eight
the above-mentioned embodiment only represents one embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for layerwise production of a three-dimensional object, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
Step one, mixing and stirring elastomer powder and soluble polymer powder uniformly to obtain a powder material for manufacturing a three-dimensional object in a layered mode, wherein the mass ratio of the elastomer powder to the soluble polymer powder is 9-5: 1-5, and the average particle size of the soluble polymer powder is 1.2-1.8 times that of the elastomer powder;
Secondly, preparing a product by selective laser sintering of the powder material for manufacturing the three-dimensional object in a layered manner;
Step three, immersing the product in a solvent for heating, wherein the heating temperature of the solvent needs to reach more than 70 ℃ so as to dissolve the soluble polymer powder in the product, and taking out the product;
And step four, drying the product to finally obtain the product with the porous structure.
2. The method for layerwise production of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastomer powder is a TPE powder.
3. The method for layerwise production of a three-dimensional object according to claim 2, wherein the soluble polymer powder is a water-soluble polymer powder or an alcohol-soluble polymer powder.
4. The method for layerwise production of a three-dimensional object according to claim 3, wherein the solvent is water or an alcohol solvent.
5. The method for layerwise production of three-dimensional objects according to claim 4, wherein the powder material for layerwise production of three-dimensional objects further comprises an additive, the additive comprising 0.1 to 1% of the total mass of the raw material.
6. The method for layerwise production of a three-dimensional object according to claim 5, wherein the additive is one or more of a flow aid, an antioxidant and a brightener.
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| CN201710627634.3A CN107283832B (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2017-07-28 | Method for the layered production of a three-dimensional object |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101138651A (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2008-03-12 | 华中科技大学 | Method of preparing organization bracket performing selectivity laser sintering by using macromolecule microsphere |
| CN101861107A (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2010-10-13 | 耐克国际有限公司 | Articles and methods of manufacture of articles |
| CN106638015A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-05-10 | 中原工学院 | Flame-retardant anti-dripping high-moisture-permeability artificial leather and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101138651A (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2008-03-12 | 华中科技大学 | Method of preparing organization bracket performing selectivity laser sintering by using macromolecule microsphere |
| CN101861107A (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2010-10-13 | 耐克国际有限公司 | Articles and methods of manufacture of articles |
| CN106638015A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-05-10 | 中原工学院 | Flame-retardant anti-dripping high-moisture-permeability artificial leather and preparation method thereof |
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Address after: No. 181, Linyu Road, national high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410205 Patentee after: Hunan Huashu High Tech Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 181, Linyu Road, national high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410205 Patentee before: HUNAN FARSOON HIGH-TECH Co.,Ltd. |
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