CN107275750B - Long-distance anti-metal tag antenna sensor and defect detection method - Google Patents

Long-distance anti-metal tag antenna sensor and defect detection method Download PDF

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CN107275750B
CN107275750B CN201710330824.9A CN201710330824A CN107275750B CN 107275750 B CN107275750 B CN 107275750B CN 201710330824 A CN201710330824 A CN 201710330824A CN 107275750 B CN107275750 B CN 107275750B
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tag
metal
chip
antenna sensor
tag antenna
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CN107275750A (en
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田贵云
张俊
高斌
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G01N22/02—Investigating the presence of flaws
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith

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Abstract

The invention discloses a remote anti-metal tag antenna sensor which mainly comprises a dielectric resonator, a metal strip and a tag chip, wherein the dielectric resonator works in a HEM11δIn the mode, the metal strip is positioned above the dielectric resonator, and the tag chip is positioned at the central opening of the metal strip; when the anti-metal tag antenna works, the anti-metal tag antenna is firstly arranged above the monitored metal body, the target impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna and the impedance of the tag chip are simultaneously adjusted, so that the target input impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna is in conjugate matching with the impedance of the tag chip at the central frequency point, when the anti-metal tag antenna starts to detect the monitored metal body, whether the monitored metal body has defects or not is determined by observing the change of the activation power of the anti-metal tag, and the anti-metal tag antenna has the advantages of low cost, long distance, high accuracy and the like.

Description

Long-distance anti-metal tag antenna sensor and defect detection method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radio frequency identification and sensing, and particularly relates to a remote anti-metal tag antenna sensor and a defect detection method.
Background
In important fields such as rail transit, oil and gas pipelines, nuclear power and power equipment, metal components (steel, iron, aluminum, titanium alloy and the like) are main components. Due to long-term exposure to the open air environment and frequent stress effects, cracks are common defects of metal components, and continuous monitoring of large-scale facilities is a key to ensuring safe and reliable operation of the large-scale facilities in a life cycle. Because the equipment is heavy, the detection speed is slow, the detection range is small and the automation degree is low, if the traditional nondestructive detection technology is used for detecting the damage in large-scale facilities, the feasibility is poor or the cost is huge particularly in a complex environment. Distributed wireless sensor networks are a powerful choice for ensuring the structural health of large-scale facilities, aiming at evolving time-based maintenance into more cost-effective situation-based maintenance and life cycle assessment. Most wireless sensor nodes currently use battery power, and disposal of billions of batteries poses a long-term risk to the environment. While limited battery life limits the granularity of sensor node deployment and increases maintenance costs. Therefore, structural health monitoring of large-scale facilities has prompted the development of new wireless sensor networks in the direction of being passive, intelligent, low-power, low-cost, and highly reliable.
The RFID label perception technology is a novel sensing technology which is started in recent years, an intelligent perception function is endowed on the basis of RFID identification and tracking, the RFID label perception technology has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, intellectualization, wireless transmission and the like, and the state of a detected environment (such as temperature and humidity) can be monitored in real time. The RFID sensing technology is expanded from monitoring the environment to detecting and evaluating the health state of the identification object, the tag antenna sensing technology obtains wireless energy sent by a tag reader through a passive RFID tag antenna, detects the health state of the identified object at the same time, and receives and extracts the defect information of the identified object at a certain distance through a wireless channel in a backscattering communication mode. Because an additional sensing device is not needed, the passive RFID tag antenna sensing technology can further reduce the power consumption and the cost of the sensing node, and is an important means for monitoring the node cost or the large-scale facility with limited service life for a long time.
The passive RFID tag antenna sensing is an analog sensing technology, and the sensing depends on antenna mode disturbance and impedance mismatch caused by the antenna mode disturbance, so that the antenna mode and the impedance matching are the key for reliably detecting defects of different forms and sizes. The tag antenna sensing technology simultaneously transmits sensing information in the information and energy transmission process, so that communication and sensing can be mutually influenced. That is, tag antenna pattern selection, impedance matching and gain improvement are key to improving the working distance and reliability of the sensing system. The main challenges involved in designing such sensors and applying them in the aspects of nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring are:
1) can be installed on a metal surface: the design for metal-mounted RFID tag antennas suffers from a series of limitations: the low-cost, low-profile and conformal structure is well matched on the surfaces of good conductors with various sizes and shapes and has higher gain;
2) sensing and guiding: the antenna as a sensor should be able to detect and characterize metal surface defects correctly and reliably, remaining monotonic and sufficiently sensitive at least in most important ranges;
3) performance balancing or trade-off: antenna sensors have both communication and sensing capabilities, which may have opposing requirements: the antenna of the tag is usually designed to be conjugate-matched with the tag chip under a healthy state, and the generation and propagation of the defect can cause impedance mismatch (disturbance) between the tag antenna and the chip, which can lead to reduction of the communication distance;
4) big data and decision of the Internet of things: in order to implement condition-based maintenance on large-scale facilities, the distribution granularity of sensing nodes in a defect-prone area and the online reliable detection and evaluation of defects are the key points of the application of the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a remote anti-metal tag antenna sensor and a defect detection method, combines the characteristics of nondestructive detection and structural health monitoring, carries out on-line monitoring on large-scale facilities, and has the advantages of low cost, long distance, high precision and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a remote metal tag antenna sensor, comprising: a dielectric resonator, a metal strip and a tag chip;
the dielectric resonator adopts columnar ceramic with high dielectric constant as an antenna radiator and works in HEM11δIn the mode, the antenna is used for reducing the size of the tag antenna and improving the gain;
the metal strip is positioned above the dielectric resonator, the size of the metal strip can be adjusted and is used for mode excitation and impedance matching, an opening is reserved in the center of the metal strip, and the size of the opening can accommodate a tag chip;
the tag chip is positioned at the central opening of the metal strip and used for wireless communication and transmission of sensing signals.
Secondly, the invention also provides a method for detecting defects by using the remote anti-metal label antenna sensor, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the anti-metal tag antenna sensor above the monitored metal body;
(2) determining target input impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor according to the selected tag chip and the central frequency point;
(3) adjusting the sizes of the dielectric resonator and the metal strip to enable the target impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor to be matched with the impedance of the tag chip in a conjugate mode at the central frequency point;
(4) the tag reader sends activation power to activate the tag chip, the anti-metal tag antenna sensor starts to detect the monitored metal body and returns certain output power to the tag reader, when the tag reader observes that the power changes, the input impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor is mismatched with the impedance of the tag chip or the resonant frequency shifts, namely, the corresponding monitored metal body has defects.
The invention aims to realize the following steps:
the invention relates to a remote anti-metal tag antenna sensor which mainly comprises a dielectric resonator, a metal strip and a tag chip, wherein the dielectric resonator works in a HEM11δIn the mode, the metal strip is positioned above the dielectric resonator, and the tag chip is positioned at the central opening of the metal strip; when the anti-metal tag antenna works, the anti-metal tag antenna is firstly arranged above the monitored metal body, the target impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna and the impedance of the tag chip are simultaneously adjusted, so that the target input impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna is in conjugate matching with the impedance of the tag chip at the central frequency point, when the anti-metal tag antenna starts to detect the monitored metal body, whether the monitored metal body has defects or not is determined by observing the change of the activation power of the anti-metal tag, and the anti-metal tag antenna has the advantages of low cost, long distance, high accuracy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a remote anti-metal tag antenna sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an electromagnetic field distribution of a dielectric resonator;
FIG. 3 is a simulation curve of input impedance adjustment and reflection coefficient for an anti-metal tag antenna sensor;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the variation of the simulated reflection coefficient of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor with crack depth;
fig. 5 is a graph of simulated actual gain and read distance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor as a function of crack depth.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an anti-metal tag antenna according to the present invention.
In the embodiment, a tag antenna sensor with the gain of 3-dBi is designed, and the metal-resistant tag antenna with the surface crack depth resolution capability of 1mm can be designed within a distance of 2-m. As shown in fig. 1, the metal tag resistant antenna sensor includes: a dielectric resonator, a metal strip and a tag chip, wherein FIG. 1(a) is a front view of a metal-resistant tag antenna, and FIG. 1(b) is a side view of the metal-resistant tag antenna.
The dielectric resonator adopts columnar ceramic with dielectric constant of 90 and loss tangent of 0.00001 as antenna radiator and works in HEM11δMode for reducing tag antenna size and increasing gain, wherein the HEM is excited11δThe total size of the pattern is set to L × h ═ 30mm × 12 mm; in order to realize reliable detection of metal surface defects, the magnetic field of the anti-metal tag antenna structure is designed to reach a maximum value at the center of an interface between a dielectric resonator and a monitored metal body, and the electric field reaches the maximum value at two sides of the dielectric resonator, wherein the electric field and the magnetic field distribution corresponding to the dielectric resonator are shown in figure 2, figure 2(a) is an electric field distribution diagram of the dielectric resonator, and figure 2(b) is a magnetic field distribution diagram of the dielectric resonatorAnd (6) field distribution.
The metal strip is arranged above the dielectric resonator, the size of the metal strip can be adjusted, and in the embodiment, the size of the metal strip is set to be Ls×WsThe tag chip comprises a tag chip, a metal strip and a chip, wherein the tag chip is 27mm multiplied by 1mm, the metal strip is mainly used for mode excitation and impedance matching, an opening is reserved at the center of the metal strip, and the size of the opening can accommodate the tag chip;
the tag chip is located the central opening part of metal strip for wireless communication and sensing signal's transmission, and the tag chip chooses for use the model to be IMPINJ MONZA 4QT passive tag chip.
In the following, the process of detecting the defect of a metal object by using the antenna sensor for metal tag is specifically described, where the size of a metal object is set to 100mm × 100mm × 5mm, and a dimension L is provided on the surface of the metal objectc×Wc×dcThe transverse surface crack of (2) is orthogonal to the metal strip, and the detection method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) placing the anti-metal tag antenna sensor above the monitored metal body;
(2) determining target input impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor according to the selected tag chip and the central frequency point; in the present embodiment, the input impedance and the typical read sensitivity of the tag chip at the 915MHz center frequency point are Zchip11-j143 Ω & Pth＝-17.4dBm；
(3) Adjusting the size of the metal strip to enable the target impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor to be matched with the impedance of the tag chip in a conjugate mode at the central frequency point; in this embodiment, the crack depth d is setcSet to 0mm and width W of the metal stripsSet to 1mm, for metal strip LsThe input impedance and the reflection coefficient obtained by performing the length scan are shown in fig. 3, in which fig. 3(a) is a distribution diagram of the input impedance and fig. 3(b) is a distribution diagram of the reflection coefficient. It can be seen that L is changedsCan effectively adjust the input reactance of the antenna when the size of the metal strip is adjusted to Ls×WsThe impedance of the target chip is matched with the impedance of the target chip in a conjugate manner near a central frequency point, wherein the impedance of the target chip is 27mm multiplied by 1 mm;
(4) the tag reader sends a certain power to activate the tag chip, the anti-metal tag antenna sensor starts to detect the monitored metal body and returns a certain output power to the tag reader, when the tag reader observes that the power changes, the input impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor is mismatched with the impedance of the tag chip or the resonant frequency shifts, namely, the corresponding monitored metal body has defects, and the tag reader end can monitor the occurrence and degree of the defects by monitoring the intensity of the returned power and IQ demodulation signals.
In this embodiment, the crack length L is setcAnd width WcRespectively set to 20mm and 1mm, fixed dielectric resonator and metal strip size, and crack depth dcThe scanning is performed in steps of 1mm and the resulting reflection coefficient is shown in fig. 4, while fig. 5 gives the corresponding crack depth dcAnd the theoretical read distance of the tag at 4-W equivalent omni-directional radiation power, it can be seen that d is changedcThe actual gain and the reading distance of the anti-metal tag antenna can be obviously changed.
Wherein the minimum reading distance DminThe relationship to the actual gain of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor can be calculated as follows:
wherein λ is0Denotes the wavelength, GrealRepresenting the actual gain of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor, EIRP representing the equivalent omnidirectional transmit power of the tag reader, PthWhich represents the receive sensitivity of the tag chip, and ρ represents the polarization mismatch between the tag reader and the anti-metal tag antenna sensor.
Further, the minimum power required for the tag reader to activate the tag chip can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein D isminMeans of maximumSmall reading distance, GRRepresenting the gain of the tag reader.
In addition, the invention can detect not only crack defects, but also conventional defects on the surface of corroded metal.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.

Claims (5)

1. A remote metal tag resistant antenna sensor, comprising: a dielectric resonator, a metal strip and a tag chip;
the dielectric resonator adopts columnar ceramic with dielectric constant of 90 and loss tangent of 0.00001 as an antenna radiator and works in HEM11δIn the mode, the antenna is used for reducing the size of the tag antenna and improving the gain;
the metal strip is positioned above the dielectric resonator, the size of the metal strip can be adjusted and is used for mode excitation and impedance matching, an opening is reserved in the center of the metal strip, and the size of the opening can accommodate a tag chip;
the tag chip is positioned at the central opening of the metal strip and used for wireless communication and transmission of sensing signals.
2. A remote anti-metal tag antenna sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tag chip is a passive tag chip of the type insij MONZA 4 QT.
3. A method for defect detection using the remote metal tag resistant antenna sensor of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) placing the anti-metal tag antenna sensor above the monitored metal body;
(2) determining target input impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor according to the selected tag chip and the central frequency point;
(3) adjusting the sizes of the dielectric resonator and the metal strip to enable the target impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor to be matched with the impedance of the tag chip in a conjugate mode at the central frequency point;
(4) calculating the activation power;
the specific method for calculating the activation power comprises the following steps:
(4.1) calculating the minimum reading distance D of the tag readermin：
Figure FDA0002262679900000011
Wherein λ is0Denotes the wavelength, GrealRepresenting the actual gain of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor, EIRP representing the equivalent omnidirectional transmit power of the tag reader, PthThe receiving sensitivity of the tag chip is represented, and rho represents the polarization mismatch between the tag reader and the anti-metal tag antenna sensor;
(4.2) calculating the minimum activation power required by the tag reader to activate the tag chip as follows:
wherein D isminDenotes the minimum reading distance, GRRepresenting the gain of the tag reader;
(5) the tag reader sends activation power to activate the tag chip, the anti-metal tag antenna sensor starts to detect the monitored metal body and returns certain output power to the tag reader, when the change of the activation power is observed on the tag reader, the input impedance of the anti-metal tag antenna sensor is mismatched with the impedance of the tag chip or the resonance frequency of the tag chip is shifted, namely, the corresponding monitored metal body has defects.
4. The method for defect detection of a remote metal tag antenna sensor of claim 3, wherein said defect comprises a crack.
5. The method for defect detection of a remote metal tag antenna sensor of claim 3, wherein said defect comprises corrosion of the metal surface.
CN201710330824.9A 2017-05-11 2017-05-11 Long-distance anti-metal tag antenna sensor and defect detection method Expired - Fee Related CN107275750B (en)

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CN109754053A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-05-14 广东工业大学 Miniaturization high-gain anti-metal tag antenna based on dielectric resonator
CN109828020A (en) * 2019-03-25 2019-05-31 广东工业大学 A kind of Metal Crack detection system and method
CN110598815B (en) * 2019-09-17 2022-03-25 西南科技大学 UHF passive RFID-based metal structure health detection method
CN111027180B (en) * 2019-11-15 2022-11-25 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 Surface crack length identification method based on RFID (radio frequency identification) tag
CN111211399B (en) * 2020-03-04 2021-10-26 电子科技大学 Metal-resistant ultrahigh frequency electronic tag antenna conformal to petroleum pipe sleeve wall

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