CN107273306B - Data reading and writing method for solid state disk and solid state disk - Google Patents
Data reading and writing method for solid state disk and solid state disk Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
- G06F12/023—Free address space management
- G06F12/0238—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory
- G06F12/0246—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
- G06F11/1456—Hardware arrangements for backup
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/72—Details relating to flash memory management
- G06F2212/7201—Logical to physical mapping or translation of blocks or pages
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
- G06F2212/72—Details relating to flash memory management
- G06F2212/7203—Temporary buffering, e.g. using volatile buffer or dedicated buffer blocks
Abstract
The application provides a solid state disk and a data reading and writing method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving an event read request containing a logical block address of target data; searching a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash medium; calculating the difference value between the current physical block address and the physical block address; if the difference is larger than the number of unstable physical pages in a Flash medium, reading the target data from the Flash medium based on the physical block address; if the difference is not larger than the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium, reading the target data from a cache based on the physical block address; wherein the data in the unstable physical page is backed up in the cache. According to the data reading method and device, the data reading accuracy can be improved on the basis that the processing difficulty in the reading process is not increased.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of solid state disks, in particular to a solid state disk and a method for reading and writing data in the solid state disk.
Background
The solid state disk comprises a control unit and a solid state storage unit, wherein the solid state storage unit mostly adopts a Flash medium. Due to the hardware problem of the Flash medium, data newly written into the physical page in the Flash medium is usually unstable. Therefore, when reading a newly written physical page in the Flash medium, a read error is liable to occur.
At present, a complex error correction algorithm is mostly adopted to prevent reading errors, but the error correction capability of the error correction algorithm is difficult to guarantee, so when the error correction algorithm is adopted to read data, the processing difficulty of the reading process is increased, and the accuracy is difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a solid state disk and a data reading and writing method thereof, which can improve the accuracy of data reading and reduce the reading delay on the basis of not increasing the processing difficulty in the reading process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical features:
a data reading method of a solid state disk comprises the following steps:
receiving an event read request containing a logical block address of target data;
searching a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash medium;
calculating the difference value between the current physical block address and the physical block address;
if the difference is larger than the number of unstable physical pages in a Flash medium, reading the target data from the Flash medium based on the physical block address;
if the difference is not larger than the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium, reading the target data from a cache based on the physical block address; wherein the data in the unstable physical page is backed up in the cache.
Optionally, the reading the target data from the cache based on the physical block address includes:
searching a physical page address corresponding to the physical block address in the corresponding relation between the unstable physical page and the cache;
and reading target data corresponding to the physical page address from the cache.
Optionally, the searching for the physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in the Flash medium includes:
and searching a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash Translation Layer (FTL) mapping table.
A data writing method of a solid state disk comprises the following steps:
receiving an event write request containing target data;
and backing up the target data in a cache and writing the target data into a Flash medium.
Optionally, the cache includes an original number of physical pages and an unstable number of physical pages in the Flash medium; the backing up the target data in the cache and writing the target data into a Flash medium includes:
writing target data contained in the event write request into a physical page marked as a write mark in the cache, and changing the mark of the physical page into a read mark;
constructing a corresponding relation between a physical block address of the target data in a Flash medium and a physical page address in the cache, and writing the target data into the Flash medium;
and clearing the physical page with the identifier of the read identifier and the longest caching time in the cache, changing the identifier of the physical page into the write identifier, and deleting the corresponding relation of the addresses of the physical pages of the cleared physical page.
Optionally, the method further includes:
determining the number of unstable physical pages in a Flash medium;
and expanding the cache by physical pages with the number of unstable physical pages.
A solid state disk, comprising:
a control unit for receiving an event read request including a logical block address of target data; searching a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash medium; calculating the difference value between the current physical block address and the physical block address; if the difference is larger than the number of unstable physical pages in a Flash medium, reading the target data from the Flash medium based on the physical block address; if the difference is not larger than the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium, reading the target data from a cache based on the physical block address; wherein the data in the unstable physical page is backed up in the cache.
A solid state disk, comprising:
a control unit for receiving an event write request containing target data; and backing up the target data in a cache and writing the target data into a Flash medium.
Optionally, the cache includes an original number of physical pages and an unstable number of physical pages in the Flash medium; the backing up the target data in the cache and writing the target data into a Flash medium specifically includes:
writing target data contained in the event write request into a physical page marked as a write mark in the cache, changing the mark of the physical page into a read mark, constructing a corresponding relation between a physical block address of the target data in a Flash medium and a physical page address in the cache, writing the target data into the Flash medium, emptying the physical page marked as the read mark in the cache and having the longest cache time, changing the mark of the physical page into the write mark, and deleting the corresponding relation of the physical page address of the emptied physical page. Through the technical means, the following beneficial effects can be realized:
according to the method and the device, a complex error correction algorithm is not adopted, and data in an unstable physical page is prevented from being read from a Flash medium fundamentally, so that a series of problems that the error correction algorithm is time-consuming in simulation, complex in implementation, incapable of guaranteeing error correction capability and the like are avoided.
In addition, the data is directly read from the cache in the application, so that the data accuracy is ensured. Because the data is directly read from the cache, the speed of reading the data from the Flash medium is higher than that of reading the data from the original Flash medium, and the reading delay is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a data writing method for a solid state disk according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 and fig. 3 are schematic diagrams of a cache in a solid state disk disclosed in an embodiment of the present application, respectively;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a data reading method of a solid state disk according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Interpretation of terms:
FTL: flash translation layer. In order not to burden an operating system, a control unit of the solid state disk virtualizes the operation of the flash memory into an independent sector operation of a disk in a software manner, which is called FTL.
LBA: lba (logical Block address), chinese name, logical Block address.
PBA: physics Block Address, Chinese name, physical Block Address.
HDD, an abbreviation of Hard Disk Drive, the English name of a Hard Disk Drive.
FTL mapping table: is the association relationship between LBA and PBA.
Since the data of the HDD can be directly overwritten, the relationship between LBA and PBA is 1:1 correspondence, that is, LBA is PBA. However, the storage medium NAND flash memory used in the SSD needs to be erased before being written, and the characteristic that the read-write is in units of physical pages and the erase is in units of blocks (composed of a plurality of pages) results in that the relationship between the LBA and the PBA is no longer fixed.
Therefore, the SSD requires the FTL to make the translation to fit the existing file system. Due to the nature of NAND flash, the master control unit of an SSD uses mapping tables of LBA and PBA to manage the flash. When updated data is to be written, the main control unit writes the new data into the blank block, then updates the mapping table data, and points the LBA to a new PBA.
Because the FTL exists between the file system and the physical medium (flash memory), the operating system only needs to operate the LBA as before, and all the conversion work from the LBA to the PBA is completely handled by the FTL.
In the research process, the applicant finds that the newly written physical page in the Flash medium is unstable, so the technical scheme provided by the application is as follows: the newly written physical page is backed up in the cache. Therefore, when the new physical page written in the Flash medium is read, the unstable data is not read in the Flash medium any more, but the data is read from the cache, and the accuracy of reading the data is ensured.
The implementation of the present application is described below:
because the number of the unstable physical pages in different Flash media is different, the number of the unstable physical pages in the Flash media is determined firstly. According to an embodiment provided by the present application, the following manner may be adopted:
firstly, selecting a Block from a Flash medium and writing data in the Block; for example, an entire block is written half the amount of data (M physical pages). Then, a read operation is sequentially performed on the newly written physical page starting from the physical page 0, and the physical page N where the first read error is recorded. And finally, determining the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium to be M-N physical pages.
In practice, M-N +1 may be used as the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash media for insurance purposes.
The control unit of the solid state disk is provided with a cache, the cache is provided with an original number of physical pages, and the physical pages are used for caching data contained in one or more event write requests and then are written into a Flash medium together, so that the efficiency of the event write requests is improved.
In the application, in order to backup target data included in an event write request, an amplification operation is performed on a cache, and the cache is amplified by physical pages with the number of unstable physical pages, so that the data in the physical pages with the number of unstable physical pages in a Flash medium is backed up.
If the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium is 4 and the number of original physical pages is 3, referring to the cache diagram shown in fig. 1, 4 physical pages can be expanded on the basis of the original 3 physical pages, and finally, the cache becomes a cache of 7 physical pages.
There will be 3 (original physical page number) physical pages identified as write identifiers in the cache for caching data in the event write request, and there will be 4 (unstable physical page number) physical pages identified as read identifiers in the cache for backing up data in the unstable physical pages.
According to one embodiment of the application, a writing method of a solid state disk is provided. Referring to fig. 2, the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S201: the control unit receives an event write request containing target data.
The control unit of the solid state disk receives the event write request, and for convenience of description, data contained in the event write request is referred to as target data.
Step S202: and the control unit writes target data contained in the event write request into a physical page marked as a write identifier in the cache, and changes the mark of the physical page into a read identifier.
Continuing with the example of the cache shown in fig. 1, the control unit determines the physical page identified as the write identifier (reference numeral 5-reference numeral 7) in the cache, writes the target data into the physical page pointed by the header (the physical page corresponding to reference numeral 5), and changes the identifier of the physical page to the read identifier.
Step S203: and constructing a corresponding relation between the physical block address of the data in the Flash medium and the physical page address in the cache, and writing the target data into the Flash medium.
The corresponding relation between the physical block address in the Flash medium and the physical page address in the cache can be constructed. Namely, a corresponding relation between the physical page address with the reference number 5 and the physical block of the target data in the Flash medium is constructed. And then, newly writing the target data into the Flash medium.
Step S204: and clearing the physical page with the identifier of the read identifier and the longest caching time in the cache, changing the identifier of the physical page into a write identifier, and deleting the corresponding relation of the addresses of the physical pages of the cleared physical page.
The control unit determines the physical page with the longest cache time in the physical pages marked as the read marks, and the physical page can be separated from the unstable physical page in the Flash medium and enter the stable physical page after the target data is written into the Flash medium, so that the physical page does not need to be cached.
Therefore, the control unit may empty the physical page having the longest cache time and change the identification of the physical page to the write identification so as to continue caching the data in the event write request.
Continuing with the example of the cache shown in fig. 1, the physical page with the longest cache time (physical page numbered 1) is found in the read identifier, and then the physical page is changed to the write identifier.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of the cache after the steps S202, S203 and S204 are completed, it can be seen from the illustration that the physical page numbered 5 has been changed to the read identifier, and the physical page numbered 1 has been changed to the write identifier.
Because the data in the physical page marked with 1 is emptied, the data in the physical page marked with 1 becomes stable data after the target data marked with 5 is written into the Flash medium. Therefore, the data marked with 1 can be read in the Flash medium subsequently, and the corresponding relation between the physical page address marked with 1 and the physical block address of the original stored data can be deleted.
As can be seen from step S202 to step S204, each physical page in the cache of this embodiment is used in a round-robin manner, so that the purpose of backing up unstable physical pages in the present application can be achieved by using the least cached physical pages.
According to another embodiment provided by the application, a data reading method of a solid state disk is provided. Referring to fig. 4, the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S401: an event read request is received that includes a logical block address of target data.
The control unit receives an event read request, the event read request including a logical block address of the target data.
Step S402: and searching a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash medium.
And the control unit searches a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash Translation Layer (FTL) mapping table.
Step S403: and calculating the difference value between the current physical block address and the physical block address.
In one Block, the control unit may know the physical Block address currently being operated. And, each Block is operated in sequence, namely, the physical Block with the minimum physical Block address is operated first, and then the physical blocks with the larger physical Block addresses are operated gradually until the physical blocks are full.
To determine whether the physical block address in the event read request is within the range of unstable physical pages, a difference between the current physical block address and the physical block address in the event read request may be calculated.
Step S404: and judging whether the difference value is larger than the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium, if so, entering a step S405, and otherwise, entering a step S406.
The control unit judges the difference value and the number of the unstable physical pages, if the difference value is larger than the unstable physical pages, the physical block address in the event reading request is in the range of the stable physical pages, and then the step S405 is carried out, and the target data is read in a Flash medium.
If the difference is not greater than the unstable physical page, it indicates that the physical block address in the event read request is still within the range of the unstable physical page, and then the process proceeds to step S406 to read the target data from the cache.
Step S405: and if the difference is larger than the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium, reading the target data from the Flash medium based on the physical block address.
Step S406: if the difference is not larger than the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium, reading the target data from a cache based on the physical block address; wherein the data in the unstable physical page is backed up in the cache.
And searching a physical page address corresponding to the physical block address in the corresponding relation between the unstable physical page and the cache, and reading target data corresponding to the physical page address from the cache.
As can be known from the process shown in fig. 2, there is a corresponding relationship between the physical page address in the cache and the physical block address in the Flash medium, and therefore, the physical page address corresponding to the physical block address can be searched in the corresponding relationship, so as to search the target data in the cache based on the physical page address.
The scheme provided by the application can show that the application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method and the device, a complex error correction algorithm is not adopted, and data in an unstable physical page is prevented from being read from a Flash medium fundamentally, so that a series of problems that the error correction algorithm is time-consuming in simulation, complex in implementation, incapable of guaranteeing error correction capability and the like are avoided. In addition, the data is directly read from the cache in the application, so that the data accuracy is ensured. The data is directly read from the cache, and the reading speed is higher than that of the original data read from the Flash medium.
Corresponding to the data writing method of the solid state disk shown in fig. 2, the present application also provides a solid state disk, including:
a control unit for receiving an event write request containing target data; and backing up the target data in a cache and writing the target data into a Flash medium.
The cache comprises an original number of physical pages and an unstable number of physical pages in a Flash medium; the backing up the target data in the cache and writing the target data into a Flash medium specifically includes:
writing target data contained in the event write request into a physical page marked as a write mark in the cache, changing the mark of the physical page into a read mark, constructing a corresponding relation between a physical block address of the target data in a Flash medium and a physical page address in the cache, writing the target data into the Flash medium, emptying the physical page marked as the read mark in the cache and having the longest cache time, changing the mark of the physical page into the write mark, and deleting the corresponding relation of the physical page address of the emptied physical page.
Corresponding to the data reading method of the solid state disk shown in fig. 4, the present application provides a solid state disk, including:
a control unit for receiving an event read request including a logical block address of target data; searching a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash medium; calculating the difference value between the current physical block address and the physical block address; if the difference is larger than the number of unstable physical pages in a Flash medium, reading the target data from the Flash medium based on the physical block address; if the difference is not larger than the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium, reading the target data from a cache based on the physical block address; wherein the data in the unstable physical page is backed up in the cache.
The functions described in the method of the present embodiment, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, may be stored in a storage medium readable by a computing device. Based on such understanding, part of the contribution to the prior art of the embodiments of the present application or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including several instructions for causing a computing device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a mobile computing device or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A data reading method of a solid state disk is characterized in that a control unit of the solid state disk is provided with a cache, the cache comprises an original number of physical pages and an unstable number of physical pages in a Flash medium, and the data reading method of the solid state disk comprises the following steps:
receiving an event read request containing a logical block address of target data;
searching a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash medium;
calculating the difference value between the current physical block address and the physical block address;
if the difference is larger than the number of unstable physical pages in a Flash medium, reading the target data from the Flash medium based on the physical block address;
if the difference is not larger than the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium, reading the target data from a cache based on the physical block address; wherein the data in the unstable physical page is backed up in the cache.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reading the target data from the cache based on the physical block address comprises:
searching a physical page address corresponding to the physical block address in the corresponding relation between the unstable physical page and the cache;
and reading target data corresponding to the physical page address from the cache.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the finding the physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in the Flash media comprises:
and searching a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash Translation Layer (FTL) mapping table.
4. A data writing method of a solid state disk is characterized in that a control unit of the solid state disk is provided with a cache, the cache comprises an original number of physical pages and an unstable number of physical pages in a Flash medium, and the data writing method of the solid state disk comprises the following steps:
receiving an event write request containing target data;
and backing up the target data in a cache and writing the target data into a Flash medium.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein backing up the target data in the cache and writing the target data to a Flash media comprises: writing target data contained in the event write request into a physical page marked as a write mark in the cache, and changing the mark of the physical page into a read mark;
constructing a corresponding relation between a physical block address of the target data in a Flash medium and a physical page address in the cache, and writing the target data into the Flash medium;
and clearing the physical page with the identifier of the read identifier and the longest caching time in the cache, changing the identifier of the physical page into the write identifier, and deleting the corresponding relation of the addresses of the physical pages of the cleared physical page.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining the number of unstable physical pages in a Flash medium;
and expanding the cache by physical pages with the number of unstable physical pages.
7. The solid state disk is characterized in that a control unit of the solid state disk is provided with a cache, the cache comprises an original number of physical pages and an unstable number of physical pages in a Flash medium, and the solid state disk comprises:
a control unit for receiving an event read request including a logical block address of target data; searching a physical block address corresponding to the logical block address in a Flash medium; calculating the difference value between the current physical block address and the physical block address; if the difference is larger than the number of unstable physical pages in a Flash medium, reading the target data from the Flash medium based on the physical block address; if the difference is not larger than the number of unstable physical pages in the Flash medium, reading the target data from a cache based on the physical block address; wherein the data in the unstable physical page is backed up in the cache.
8. The solid state disk is characterized in that a control unit of the solid state disk is provided with a cache, the cache comprises an original number of physical pages and an unstable number of physical pages in a Flash medium, and the solid state disk comprises:
a control unit for receiving an event write request containing target data; and backing up the target data in a cache and writing the target data into a Flash medium.
9. The solid state disk of claim 8, wherein the backing up the target data in the cache and writing the target data to a Flash medium specifically comprises:
writing target data contained in the event write request into a physical page marked as a write mark in the cache, changing the mark of the physical page into a read mark, constructing a corresponding relation between a physical block address of the target data in a Flash medium and a physical page address in the cache, writing the target data into the Flash medium, emptying the physical page marked as the read mark in the cache and having the longest cache time, changing the mark of the physical page into the write mark, and deleting the corresponding relation of the physical page address of the emptied physical page.
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| CN110597741B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-09-10 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | Reading-writing and updating method of L2P table and L2P table |
| CN110990301A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-04-10 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | Sequential reading method of multi-plane storage medium and related device |
| CN111190835B (en) * | 2019-12-29 | 2022-06-10 | 北京浪潮数据技术有限公司 | Data writing method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN113157212B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-02-28 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | Flash storage method and device, intelligent wearable device and storage medium |
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