CN107272814A - The MPPT control method that a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity - Google Patents
The MPPT control method that a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity Download PDFInfo
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- CN107272814A CN107272814A CN201710406313.0A CN201710406313A CN107272814A CN 107272814 A CN107272814 A CN 107272814A CN 201710406313 A CN201710406313 A CN 201710406313A CN 107272814 A CN107272814 A CN 107272814A
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- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses the MPPT control method that a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity, including step：Sample photovoltaic end open-circuit voltage Uopen, calculate initial tracking voltage Um；Constant-voltage method detection photovoltaic floating voltage U'm, until tracing into Um；Calculate photovoltaic power output PnAnd Pn‑1；Calculation error e (n) and error change Δ e (n)；Adaptive fuzzy rule is set up, MPPT maximum power point tracking is carried out；Fixed cycle TsPower scan is carried out to the overall situation, maximum power point under multi-peaks phenomenon is found, fixed step size Δ U is scanned along the direction that voltage reduces, storage peak power PmaxWith maximum power point voltage Up；Real maximum power point U is tracked using Adaptive Fuzzy Controlp.The present invention can be used for the tracking of off-network maximum power point under photovoltaic multi-peaks phenomenon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photovoltaic off-grid generating research field, the MPPT controls that more particularly to a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity
Method.
Background technology
It is the main utilization form of solar energy that photovoltaic off-grid, which generates electricity, and independent photovoltaic off-network electricity generation system can effectively solve nothing
The remote areas of the few electricity of electricity and the supply of electric power problem of some special occasions.The output of photovoltaic cell with very strong non-linear,
Under different illumination, temperature, extraneous load, operating voltage its Difference of Output Power it is very big, it is necessary to take certain measure with
The maximum power point of track photovoltaic cell.
The control algolithm of maximal power tracing (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) has a variety of, most often
There are perturbation observation method, conductance increment method and fuzzy control.Wherein perturbation observation method can not be by tracing step and tracking essence
Degree is taken into account, and the responding ability of simultaneity factor environmental change to external world is poor, has in maximum power point and vibrates and cause power
Loss.Traditional fuzzy control can not be modified according to the change of external environment condition, it is impossible to which automatic adjustment system parameter makes
System is stable on maximum power point.
In actual photovoltaic off-grid power generation process, there is the phenomenon that photovoltaic cell is locally blocked, it is many that this results in photovoltaic
The generation of peak phenomenon so that power tracking rests on local maximum power point, is not real maximum power point, it is impossible to obtain
Global optimum, reduces the power output of photovoltaic cell.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the shortcoming and deficiency for overcoming prior art, there is provided the MPPT controls that a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity
Method processed, can solve the problem that traditional MPPT control algolithms to external world environmental change responding ability difference and multimodal state under can not obtain
The technological deficiency of global maximum power output.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme：The MPPT control method that a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity, bag
Include following steps：
S1, sampling photovoltaic end open-circuit voltage Uopen, initial floating voltage proportionality coefficient k is set；Initially tracked according to setting
Voltage ratio coefficient k and sampling photovoltaic open-circuit voltage Uopen, obtain initial floating voltage Um：
Um=kUopen；
S2, constant-voltage method detection photovoltaic floating voltage U'm, until tracing into Um；
A cycle photovoltaic power output P on S3, calculatingn-1With current period photovoltaic power output Pn；
S4, calculation error e (n) and error change Δ e (n), whereinΔ e (n)=e (n)-e (n-
1)；
S5, set up adaptive fuzzy rule, carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking；
S6, fixed cycle TsPower scan, scan period T are carried out to the overall situationsSpan be (0.4s, 1.2s)；Find many
Maximum power point under peak phenomenon, fixed step size Δ U is scanned along the direction that voltage reduces, storage peak power PmaxAnd maximum
Power point voltage Up；
S7, real maximum power point U tracked using Adaptive Fuzzy Controlp。
It is preferred that, initial floating voltage proportionality coefficient k span is (0.6,0.8).
It is preferred that, step S3 is specially：
A cycle T on S3-1, samplingn-1With current period TnPhotovoltaic terminal voltage Un-1、UnWith electric current In-1、In；
S3-2, basis sample a cycle Tn-1With current period TnPhotovoltaic terminal voltage Un-1、UnWith electric current In-1、In,
A cycle photovoltaic power output P in calculatingn-1With current period photovoltaic power output Pn, wherein Pn-1=Un-1In-1, Pn=
UnIn。
It is preferred that, step S5 is specifically included：
S5-1, according to error e (n) and error change Δ e (n) photovoltaic off-grid generating state is detected, it would be desirable to loud
It should respond to compare with reality output and obtain the correcting value of output response, reality output response corrections are obtained by decision table inquiry
Measure p；What is provided in fuzzy performance decision table is desirable to the set of response, and reality output is responded according to error e (n) and error change
Δ e (n) is drawn；
Error e (n) and error change Δ e (n), the basic domain in fuzzy set is：
E, Δ e=(- 5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3,4,5)
S5-2, by reality output response corrections amount p, exported according to control system and the Jacobian matrix Js of input obtained
The correcting value ω of control input, wherein Δ u (nT)=J-1Δ m (nT), Δ u (nT) are Introduced Malaria amount, and Δ m (nT) repaiies for output
Positive quantity；
S5-3, the error e (nT-dT) calculated in being sampled at d times, error change Δ e (nT-dT), input control quantity u (nT-
DT), fuzzy control rule is set up：
If e (nT-dT) is E (nT-dT) and Δ e (nT-dT) is Δ E (nT-dT)
Then u (nT-dT) is V (nT-dT)
E (nT-dT), Δ e (nT-dT) and u (nT-dT) refer to deviation maximum power point representation in d sampling process,
Calculation is with shown in S4；E (nT-dT) Δ E (nT-dT) V (nT-dT) are fuzzy set definitional language value；
S5-4, PI parameters K is determined according to the fuzzy rule set uppAnd Ki, synchronization Buck circuit dutycycles are adjusted, are realized
MPPT maximum power point tracking.
It is preferred that, step S6 is specifically included：
S6-1, setting scanning step Δ U, wherein
S6-2, setting preliminary sweep reference voltageWherein
S6-3, sampling UrefElectric current Ir, calculate instantaneous power Pr, and a preceding power P (t)r(t-1) compare, storage power
Higher value and this moment UrefValue, in UrefMaximum is assigned to P when=0max, this moment magnitude of voltage is assigned to Up。
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages that and beneficial effect：
The responding ability of traditional MPPT control algolithms environmental change to external world is poor, and global maximum can not be obtained under multimodal state
The technological deficiency of power output, the present invention proposes the MPPT control method that a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity, and sets up adaptive fuzzy
Rule, carries out MPPT maximum power point tracking；Fixed cycle TsPower scan is carried out to the overall situation, maximum power point under multi-peaks phenomenon is found,
Fixed step size Δ U is scanned along the direction that voltage reduces, storage peak power PmaxWith maximum power point voltage Up；Using certainly
Adaptive fuzzy control tracks real maximum power point Up.The present invention can be used for off-network generating maximum work under photovoltaic multi-peaks phenomenon
The tracking of rate point.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment photovoltaic off-grid electricity generation system block diagram；
Fig. 2 is the MPPT control method flow chart that embodiment photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity；
Fig. 3 is the Adaptive Fuzzy Control block diagram for the MPPT control method that embodiment photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity；
Fig. 4 is embodiment photovoltaic off-grid electricity generation system photovoltaic battery panel multi-peaks phenomenon schematic diagram.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited
In this.
In the present embodiment, photovoltaic off-grid electricity generation system utilizes the global power scan control method of Adaptive Fuzzy Control,
Realize MPPT MPPT maximum power point trackings.Fig. 1 is photovoltaic off-grid electricity generation system block diagram, and photovoltaic battery array based on MPPT by being controlled
The synchronous Buck reduction voltage circuits decompression of method is battery charging, can also be load supplying by the processing of load circuit.
Fig. 2 is the MPPT control method flow chart that the present embodiment photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity.As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of photovoltaic off-grid
The MPPT control method of generating, comprises the following steps：
S1, sampling photovoltaic end open-circuit voltage Uopen, initial floating voltage proportionality coefficient k is set；Initially tracked according to setting
Voltage ratio coefficient k and sampling photovoltaic open-circuit voltage Uopen, obtain initial floating voltage Um：
Um=kUopen；
Initial floating voltage proportionality coefficient k span is (0.6,0.8).
S2, constant-voltage method detection photovoltaic floating voltage U'm, until tracing into Um。
A cycle photovoltaic power output P on S3, calculatingn-1With current period photovoltaic power output Pn。
Specifically：
A cycle T on S3-1, samplingn-1With current period TnPhotovoltaic terminal voltage Un-1、UnWith electric current In-1、In；
S3-2, basis sample a cycle Tn-1With current period TnPhotovoltaic terminal voltage Un-1、UnWith electric current In-1、In,
A cycle photovoltaic power output P in calculatingn-1With current period photovoltaic power output Pn, wherein Pn-1=Un-1In-1, Pn=
UnIn。
S4, calculation error e (n) and error change Δ e (n), whereinΔ e (n)=e (n)-e (n-
1)。
S5, set up adaptive fuzzy rule, carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking；Fig. 3 is photovoltaic off-grid of embodiment of the present invention hair
The Adaptive Fuzzy Control block diagram of the MPPT control method of electricity.
Step S5 includes：
S5-1, according to error e (n) and error change Δ e (n) photovoltaic off-grid generating state is detected, it would be desirable to loud
It should respond to compare with reality output and obtain the correcting value of output response, reality output response corrections are obtained by decision table inquiry
Measure p；What is provided in fuzzy performance decision table is desirable to the set of response, and reality output is responded according to error e (n) and error change
Δ e (n) is drawn.
Error e (n) and error change Δ e (n), the basic domain in fuzzy set is：
E, Δ e=(- 5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3,4,5)
Its fuzzy set is e, Δ e={ NB, NS, ZE, PS, PB }, and subset elements are represented respectively to be born greatly, negative small, zero, it is just small,
It is honest.
Wherein fuzzy performance decision table is as follows：
S5-2, by reality output response corrections amount p, exported according to control system and the Jacobian matrix Js of input obtained
The correcting value ω of control input, wherein Δ u (nT)=J-1Δ m (nT), Δ u (nT) are Introduced Malaria amount, and Δ m (nT) repaiies for output
Positive quantity；
S5-3, the error e (nT-dT) calculated in being sampled at d times, error change Δ e (nT-dT), input control quantity u (nT-
DT), fuzzy control rule is set up：
If e (nT-dT) is E (nT-dT) and Δ e (nT-dT) is Δ E (nT-dT)
Then u (nT-dT) is V (nT-dT)
E (nT-dT), Δ e (nT-dT) and u (nT-dT) refer to deviation maximum power point representation in d sampling process,
Calculation is with shown in S4；E (nT-dT) Δ E (nT-dT) V (nT-dT) are fuzzy set definitional language value, and such as NB represents negative
Greatly.
S5-4, PI parameters K is determined according to the fuzzy rule set uppAnd Ki, synchronization Buck circuit dutycycles are adjusted, are realized
MPPT maximum power point tracking.
S6, fixed cycle TsPower scan, scan period T are carried out to the overall situationsSpan be (0.4s, 1.2s)；Find many
Maximum power point under peak phenomenon, fixed step size Δ U is scanned along the direction that voltage reduces, storage peak power PmaxAnd maximum
Power point voltage Up；Fig. 4 is the present embodiment photovoltaic off-grid electricity generation system photovoltaic battery panel multi-peaks phenomenon schematic diagram.
Step S6 includes：
S6-1, setting scanning step Δ U, wherein
S6-2, setting preliminary sweep reference voltageWherein
S6-3, sampling UrefElectric current Ir, calculate instantaneous power Pr, and a preceding power P (t)r(t-1) compare, storage power
Higher value and this moment UrefValue, in UrefMaximum is assigned to P when=0max, this moment magnitude of voltage is assigned to Up。
S7, real maximum power point U tracked using Adaptive Fuzzy Controlp.According to peak power P in S6maxFollow the trail of
Maximum power point, Adaptive Fuzzy Control is consistent with step s5.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment of the invention
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention and the change made under principle, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the MPPT control method that a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, sampling photovoltaic end open-circuit voltage Uopen, initial floating voltage proportionality coefficient k is set；According to the initial floating voltage ratio of setting
Example coefficient k and sampling photovoltaic open-circuit voltage Uopen, obtain initial floating voltage Um：
Um=kUopen；
S2, constant-voltage method detection photovoltaic floating voltage U'm, until tracing into Um；
A cycle photovoltaic power output P on S3, calculatingn-1With current period photovoltaic power output Pn；
S4, calculation error e (n) and error change Δ e (n), whereinΔ e (n)=e (n)-e (n-1)；
S5, set up adaptive fuzzy rule, carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking；
S6, fixed cycle TsPower scan is carried out to the overall situation；
Maximum power point under multi-peaks phenomenon is found, fixed step size Δ U is scanned along the direction that voltage reduces, store peak power
PmaxWith maximum power point voltage Up；
S7, real maximum power point U tracked using Adaptive Fuzzy Controlp。
2. the MPPT control method that photovoltaic off-grid according to claim 1 generates electricity, it is characterised in that initial floating voltage ratio
The span of example coefficient k is (0.6,0.8).
3. the MPPT control method that photovoltaic off-grid according to claim 1 generates electricity, it is characterised in that step S3 is specially：
A cycle T on S3-1, samplingn-1With current period TnPhotovoltaic terminal voltage Un-1、UnWith electric current In-1、In；
S3-2, basis sample a cycle Tn-1With current period TnPhotovoltaic terminal voltage Un-1、UnWith electric current In-1、In, calculate
Upper a cycle photovoltaic power output Pn-1With current period photovoltaic power output Pn, wherein Pn-1=Un-1In-1, Pn=UnIn。
4. the MPPT control method that photovoltaic off-grid according to claim 1 generates electricity, it is characterised in that step S5 is specifically wrapped
Include：
S5-1, according to error e (n) and error change Δ e (n) photovoltaic off-grid generating state is detected, it would be desirable to response with
Reality output response, which compares, obtains the correcting value of output response, and reality output response corrections amount p is obtained by decision table inquiry；
What is provided in fuzzy performance decision table is desirable to the set of response, and reality output is responded according to error e (n) and error change Δ e
(n) draw；
Error e (n) and error change Δ e (n), the basic domain in fuzzy set is：
E, Δ e=(- 5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3,4,5)；
S5-2, by reality output response corrections amount p, exported according to control system and the Jacobian matrix Js of input controlled
The correcting value ω of input, wherein Δ u (nT)=J-1Δ m (nT), Δ u (nT) are Introduced Malaria amount, and Δ m (nT) corrects for output
Amount；
S5-3, the error e (nT-dT) calculated in being sampled at d times, error change Δ e (nT-dT), input control quantity u (nT-dT),
Set up fuzzy control rule：
If e (nT-dT) is E (nT-dT) and Δ e (nT-dT) is Δ E (nT-dT)
Then u (nT-dT) is V (nT-dT)；
E (nT-dT) Δ E (nT-dT) V (nT-dT) are fuzzy set definitional language value；
S5-4, PI parameters K is determined according to the fuzzy rule set uppAnd Ki, synchronization Buck circuit dutycycles are adjusted, are realized maximum
Power points is tracked.
5. the MPPT control method that photovoltaic off-grid according to claim 1 generates electricity, it is characterised in that step S6 is specifically wrapped
Include：
S6-1, setting scanning step Δ U, wherein
S6-2, setting preliminary sweep reference voltageWherein
S6-3, sampling UrefElectric current Ir, calculate instantaneous power Pr, and a preceding power P (t)r(t-1) compare, storage power is larger
Value and this moment UrefValue, in UrefMaximum is assigned to P when=0max, this moment magnitude of voltage is assigned to Up。
6. the MPPT control method that photovoltaic off-grid according to claim 1 generates electricity, it is characterised in that week is scanned in step S6
Phase TsSpan be (0.4s, 1.2s).
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