CN107272503B - Five-prevention unlocking card management method for transformer substation - Google Patents
Five-prevention unlocking card management method for transformer substation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107272503B CN107272503B CN201710620568.7A CN201710620568A CN107272503B CN 107272503 B CN107272503 B CN 107272503B CN 201710620568 A CN201710620568 A CN 201710620568A CN 107272503 B CN107272503 B CN 107272503B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/0643—Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0423—Input/output
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
- G05B2219/25257—Microcontroller
Abstract
The invention provides a transformer substation five-prevention unlocking card management method which comprises an unlocking card management terminal and a remote management terminal which are not connected with each other; wherein: a user sends a request for obtaining an unlocking password to a remote management terminal; the remote management terminal and the unlocking card management terminal generate unlocking passwords according to the same password generation rule, and the remote management terminal feeds back the unlocking passwords to a user; the user inputs an unlocking password to the unlocking card management terminal, the unlocking card management terminal compares the currently input unlocking password with the self-generated unlocking password, if the currently input unlocking password is consistent with the self-generated unlocking password, the unlocking card is unlocked and is granted to be taken, and otherwise, the unlocking card is continuously locked; the five-prevention unlocking card of the transformer substation can be subjected to normative management, and the safety of the five-prevention unlocking card is ensured, so that the staff is effectively prevented from using the five-prevention unlocking card at will.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of transformer substation management, in particular to a transformer substation five-prevention unlocking card management method.
Background
The electrical accident of transformer substation is huge, can cause the large tracts of land to have a power failure, and the mill stops, causes various equipment damage, causes very big influence to national production life. Therefore, a plurality of anti-misoperation devices are placed in the transformer substation, such as a five-prevention system of the transformer substation, and sometimes due to various reasons, such as logic disorder of the five-prevention system, power failure of the whole substation, computer failure and the like, in the actual operation of the five-prevention system. These can result in the "five prevention" system being temporarily disabled. At this time, a five-prevention unlocking process is executed according to the regulations, and a five-prevention unlocking card is used.
The traditional method for managing the five-prevention unlocking card is a key box system, namely the five-prevention unlocking card is placed in a specially-arranged box, and then the use of keys by workers is limited through different jobs, but the traditional method still has the following defects:
although the transformer substation requires to report the acquired key to the superior level, the seal of the box needs to be sealed after the key is used up; however, in the actual use process, the staff often does not seal the seal, and the key is used without reporting, so that illegal operation occurs; the key needs to be handed to a person in charge on duty to be kept, a specially-assigned person attaches a seal to the key box, and the specially-assigned person records the use condition of the key, so that the efficiency is low; the paper strip of paper sealing needs unified customization, transports to each transformer substation, uses the key at every turn and all will damage the strip of paper sealing, great increase the operation cost like this, the strip of paper sealing is extravagant serious, does not accord with the environmental protection theory, and the price/performance ratio is very low.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, a new method needs to be proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a transformer substation five-prevention unlocking card management method, which can perform standardized management on a five-prevention unlocking card of a transformer substation, and ensure the safety of the five-prevention unlocking card, thereby effectively preventing a worker from using the five-prevention unlocking card at will, stopping the illegal operation of the worker, ensuring the safe and stable operation of a transformer substation system, effectively saving the cost of manpower and material resources, preventing the resource waste in the conventional manner, and effectively improving the management efficiency.
The invention provides a transformer substation five-prevention unlocking card management method which comprises an unlocking card management terminal and a remote management terminal which are not connected with each other; wherein:
a user sends a request for obtaining an unlocking password to a remote management terminal;
the remote management terminal and the unlocking card management terminal generate unlocking passwords according to the same password generation rule, and the remote management terminal feeds back the unlocking passwords to a user;
and the user inputs an unlocking password to the unlocking card management terminal, the unlocking card management terminal compares the currently input unlocking password with the unlocking password generated by the unlocking card management terminal, if the unlocking password is consistent with the unlocking password generated by the unlocking card management terminal, the unlocking card is unlocked and is granted to be taken, and otherwise, the unlocking card is continuously locked.
Further, the unlocking password is a dynamic password.
Further, the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal generate an unlocking password by the following method:
s1, an unlocking card management terminal generates a digital sequence containing random numbers, step length and ID numbers of a remote management terminal;
s2, inputting a digital sequence to the remote management terminal, and decrypting a random number, a step length and an ID number of the remote management terminal;
s3, the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal form an initial encryption digital sequence by the random number, the step length and the ID number according to the same rule;
s4, the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal adopt an MD5 algorithm to carry out encryption operation on the initial encryption digital sequence to form an MD5 code;
and S5, selecting X numbers from the MD5 codes according to a set rule by the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal, and combining the selected numbers in the same way to obtain an unlocking password, wherein X represents the set password number.
Further, the remote management terminal generates a dynamic unlocking password according to the following method:
and after the remote management terminal receives the request for obtaining the unlocking password, the unlocking password is fed back to the user, after the password is fed back by the remote management terminal, the MD5 algorithm is carried out again by adding the step length to the initial encryption digital sequence to form an MD5 code, X numbers are selected according to the rule to serve as new passwords, and the next request for obtaining the unlocking password is waited.
Further, the unlocking card management terminal generates a dynamic unlocking password according to the following method:
and the unlocking card management terminal receives the input unlocking password and compares the input unlocking password with the self-generated unlocking password, if the input unlocking password is consistent with the self-generated unlocking password, the unlocking card is unlocked, the unlocking card management terminal adds the step length to the initial encryption digital sequence to perform encryption operation again by the MD5 algorithm to form an MD5 code after unlocking, and selects X numbers as a new password according to the rule and waits for the input of the next unlocking password.
Further, when the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal are not synchronous, the unlocking card management terminal regenerates a random number, and the regenerated random number, the step length and the ID number of the remote management terminal regenerate a digital sequence;
then, inputting the regenerated digital sequence to the remote management terminal for decryption to obtain a new random number;
the remote management terminal and the unlock card management terminal both compose a new encrypted digit sequence of the regenerated random digit, the step size, and the ID of the remote management terminal according to the same rule and perform step S4 and step S5, and in step S4, replace the new encrypted digit sequence with a new encrypted digit sequence.
Further, the digital sequence is generated by:
the unlocking card management terminal combines the random number, the step length and the ID number of the remote management terminal according to a set sequence to form an information number;
the unlocking card management terminal carries out XOR operation on the information number and the randomly generated operation number to form a number sequence; the randomly generated operation numbers are respectively pre-stored in the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal.
Further, the remote management terminal acquires the random number, the step length and the ID number of the remote management terminal by the following methods:
the remote management terminal carries out XOR operation on the input digital sequence and the prestored randomly generated operation digits to obtain information digits, and then the random digits, the step length and the ID digits of the remote management terminal are analyzed from the information digits according to the set sequence.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the five-prevention unlocking card of the transformer substation can be subjected to normative management, and the safety of the five-prevention unlocking card is ensured, so that the worker is effectively prevented from randomly using the five-prevention unlocking card, the illegal operation of the worker is avoided, the safe and stable operation of a transformer substation system is ensured, the labor and material cost is effectively saved, the resource waste in the traditional mode is prevented, and the management efficiency can be effectively improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the unlock card management terminal of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrated in the drawing figures.
The invention provides a transformer substation five-prevention unlocking card management method which comprises an unlocking card management terminal and a remote management terminal which are not connected with each other; wherein:
a user sends a request for obtaining an unlocking password to a remote management terminal; the user is a legal user, namely, the user is legally registered in the remote management terminal, if the user is a staff, the user must log in a staff account number, a password and other modes, or a fingerprint identification mode, or the user sends a request to the remote management terminal through the smart phone, logs in the same account number + password mode or fingerprint mode, and also needs to correspondingly register the phone number of the smart phone in advance;
the remote management terminal and the unlocking card management terminal generate unlocking passwords according to the same password generation rule, and the remote management terminal feeds back the unlocking passwords to a user;
the method comprises the steps that a user inputs an unlocking password to an unlocking card management terminal, the unlocking card management terminal compares the currently input unlocking password with an unlocking password generated by the unlocking card management terminal, if the unlocking password is consistent with the unlocking password generated by the unlocking card management terminal, the unlocking card is unlocked and is granted to be taken, otherwise, the unlocking card is continuously locked.
The remote management terminal can adopt a smart phone, and an APP application program which responds is installed on the smart phone, and certainly, the remote management terminal can also be a control host, a server and the like; the unlocking card management terminal is used for managing the opening and locking states of a box body for storing the five-prevention unlocking cards of the transformer substation, and comprises a controller, an input keyboard, a display, a relay and an electronic lock, wherein the controller is connected with the input keyboard and the display, controls the relay to be attracted and disconnected, adopts the existing STM32F103 single chip microcomputer, and can also adopt other single chip microcomputers, and generates unlocking passwords and verifies the unlocking passwords by the controller; the electronic lock is a product directly purchased in the market, and is unlocked when being electrified and locked when being powered off; the controller controls the relay to be sucked to open the electronic lock after the verification is passed, and keeps the off state of the relay when the verification is not passed; the input keyboard and the display can also be replaced by the existing touch screen, of course, the unlocking card management terminal further comprises a power supply module for supplying power to the controller and the relay, the power supply module adopts the existing direct current conversion circuit and respectively outputs different power supply voltages to the electronic lock and the controller, and the power supply can be obtained by adopting a storage battery or after being rectified through alternating current.
In this embodiment, the unlocking password is a dynamic password, and since the dynamic password is changed, the difficulty is increased for the lawless person to crack, so that the security of the unlocking card is improved.
In this embodiment, the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal generate the unlocking password by the following method:
s1, an unlocking card management terminal generates a digital sequence containing random numbers, step length and ID numbers of a remote management terminal; wherein the number sequence is generated by:
the unlocking card management terminal combines the random number, the step length and the ID number of the remote management terminal according to a set sequence to form an information number; the set sequence may be multiple, where a represents a random number, B represents a step size, C represents an ID number of the remote management terminal, and this information number may be ABC, BAC, CAB, CBA, or the like, in this embodiment, a CBA combination is taken as an example, 22304 is taken as an example, where 2 represents an ID of the remote management terminal, 23 represents a random number, and 04 represents a step size, and of course, the set sequence is not limited to 5 bits, for example, the ID is represented by 0002, the random number may be 7546, and the step size may be set to 0004, and the ID of the remote management terminal does not represent information such as a MAC address and an IMEI code of the remote management terminal, but only is a self number of the card unlocking management terminal registered remote management terminal, and actually, the remote management terminal is not limited to one, and may be 3, 5, or even more, for differentiation, then, the remote management terminals are correspondingly distinguished by natural numbers such as 1, 2 and 3 …, etc. or numbers such as 0001, 0002 and 0003, etc., and are assigned with the IDs of the remote management terminals;
the unlocking card management terminal carries out XOR operation on the information number and the randomly generated operation number to form a number sequence; the randomly generated operation numbers are respectively pre-stored in the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal; the 22304 is also the above example, in which the operation number is also randomly generated, but the operation number is respectively stored in the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal after the agreement is implemented, that is, the operation numbers of the two management terminals are the same, such as 6399169; after 22304 and 6399169 are subjected to exclusive or operation, 6419425 is obtained, that is, 22304xor6399169 is 6419425, then the obtained result 6419425 is the number sequence, the unlock card management terminal outputs the number sequence, and the number sequence is obtained through operation, so that it is difficult for the outside to obtain corresponding information expression, thereby effectively ensuring the security of encryption.
S2, inputting a digital sequence to the remote management terminal, and decrypting a random number, a step length and an ID number of the remote management terminal; the remote management terminal and the unlocking card management terminal are not connected, so that when the digital sequence is input to the remote management terminal, the digital sequence can be input manually or through a smart phone which is legally connected with the remote management terminal after being read manually;
specifically, the remote management terminal acquires the random number, the step size, and the ID number of the remote management terminal by:
the remote management terminal carries out XOR operation on the input digital sequence and prestored randomly generated operation digits to obtain information digits, and then analyzes the random digits, the step length and the ID digits of the remote management terminal from the information digits according to a set sequence;
still taking the above result as an example, after the number sequence 6419425 is input to the remote management terminal, the remote management terminal performs an exclusive or operation again on the number sequence and the random number: 64199425xor6399169 ═ 22304; the remote management terminal prestores the same information number combination rule as the unlocking card management terminal, and then the combination of the number and the combination rule is stipulated, so that the current random number 23, the ID of 2 and the step length of 04 can be obtained;
s3, the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal form an initial encryption digital sequence by the random number, the step length and the ID number according to the same rule; the combination of the random number, the step length and the ID number by the remote management terminal and the unlock card management terminal is a preset rule, for example, the combination of the ID, the random number and the step length from left to right is ID + random number + step length; or step length + random number + ID from left to right, or random number + ID + step length, etc., in this embodiment, a mode of ID + random number + step length from left to right is taken as an example, by this way, the remote management terminal and the unlock card management terminal are well synchronized without mutual communication, and the phenomenon that synchronization errors often occur when clock synchronization is adopted in the substation is well solved;
s4, the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal adopt an MD5 algorithm to carry out encryption operation on the initial encryption digital sequence to form an MD5 code; the MD5 algorithm is an english abbreviation of the fifth version of the Message Digest algorithm, and the english name thereof is an abbreviation of Message Digest Algorrithm MD5, which is the existing algorithm; the algorithm has the advantages of compressibility, simple calculation, modification resistance, strong collision resistance and the like, and can effectively ensure the security of encryption;
s5, the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal select X numbers from MD5 codes according to a set rule and combine the selected numbers in the same way to be used as an unlocking password, wherein X represents the set password number, generally, X is 6, namely, the password consists of six digits, or more digits can be adopted and selected according to actual needs; for setting the rule, the following description takes an example: if the finally generated MD5 code is C4CA4238A0B923820DCC509A6F75849B, wherein the digit string after the removal of the letters is 442380923820509675849, if the password digit number is limited to 6, 442380, which is the first six digits, can be agreed to be the final password, and 442380, which is the following six digits can also be agreed to be the final password: 675849, respectively; jump-type values can also be agreed: for example, after the first number is taken from the number string, every two digits are taken and then a decryption password is formed according to the taking sequence of the numbers: 439856, when every two digits are removed, the final decryption cipher is formed according to the reverse order of the digit removing order, namely 658934; these can be used as agreed rules, and certainly, other rules can be combined according to actual needs, so that the security of the decrypted password can be effectively ensured and the decrypted password can be effectively prevented from being cracked through the above mode.
In this embodiment, the remote management terminal generates a dynamic unlocking password according to the following method:
after receiving the request for obtaining the unlocking password, the remote management terminal feeds back the unlocking password to the user, and after feeding back the password, the remote management terminal performs encryption operation again by using the MD5 algorithm by adding a step length to the initial encryption number sequence to form an MD5 code, and selects X numbers as a new password according to a rule and waits for the next request for obtaining the unlocking password, still taking 22304 as an example, in the foregoing description and explanation 2, which represents the ID number of the remote management terminal, 23 represents a random number, 04 is a step length, that is, after the remote management terminal generates the decryption password by using 22304 as the initial encryption number sequence and feeds back, the remote management terminal adds a step length or an integer multiple of the step length to form a new encryption number sequence on the basis of 22304, if the step length is one, the encryption number sequence is 22308, if the step length is an integer multiple of the step length, such as 4 step lengths, the new encrypted number sequence is 22316 and the corresponding decryption key is generated with the new number sequence according to the method described above; it should be noted that, after the step length is added for many times, the total number of bits of the step length increases, for example, when the total number of bits of the step length reaches 22396, another step length is 22400, at this time, the step length is not calculated according to the conventional addition method, and another step after the random number 23 is 223100, which ensures that the random number does not change with the increase of the step length, thereby ensuring that the remote management terminal and the unlock card management terminal can be accurately synchronized.
In this embodiment, the unlocking card management terminal generates a dynamic unlocking password according to the following method:
the unlocking card management terminal receives an input unlocking password and compares the input unlocking password with an unlocking password generated by the unlocking card management terminal, if the input unlocking password is consistent with the self-generated unlocking password, the unlocking card management terminal unlocks the unlocking card, after the unlocking card management terminal unlocks, the MD5 algorithm is carried out again on the initial encryption digital sequence and the step length to form an MD5 code, X numbers are selected according to rules to serve as new passwords and wait for the input of the next unlocking password, the unlocking card management terminal is completely consistent with the method for regenerating the unlocking password by the remote management terminal after the current verification is passed, namely, the step length increased each time is completely the same, and the synchronism of the two terminals is ensured; it should be noted that, the unlock card management terminal, no matter whether the unlock password is the same after the current comparison, executes a new generation of the unlock password after the comparison, but the unlock card management terminal does not execute any action when receiving the unlock password the next time that the unlock password is the same as the last unlock password, that is, does not execute the unlocking and does not execute the generation of the new unlock password, and receives the same unlock password for more than the set number of times, the unlock card management terminal may determine that the current asynchronous phenomenon occurs or determine that the current illegal intrusion phenomenon occurs, and needs to execute the synchronization operation again, otherwise, the unlock card management terminal is in a false halt state (i.e., not a real halt, but waits for the resynchronization).
In this embodiment, when the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal are not synchronized, the unlocking card management terminal regenerates a random number, and regenerates the random number, the step length and the ID number of the remote management terminal into a digital sequence;
then, inputting the regenerated digital sequence to the remote management terminal for decryption to obtain a new random number;
the remote management terminal and the unlock card management terminal form a new encrypted digital sequence by the regenerated random number, step length and the ID of the remote management terminal according to the same rule and execute step S4 and step S5, and in step S4, the original encrypted digital sequence is replaced by the new encrypted digital sequence, in the method, the phenomenon that the remote management terminal and the unlock card management terminal are asynchronous under certain conditions is effectively solved, for example, a user sends a request for obtaining a decryption password to the remote management terminal, the remote management terminal regenerates the new password after feeding back the decryption password, at the moment, the unlock card management terminal is in a power-off state, when power supply is restored, the unlock card management terminal continues to operate in the state before the power-off state, at the moment, the asynchronization between the remote management terminal and the unlock card management terminal is caused, therefore, the mode effectively ensures that the synchronous state can be recovered after the asynchronous phenomenon occurs.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A transformer substation five-prevention unlocking card management method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises an unlocking card management terminal and a remote management terminal which are not connected with each other; wherein:
a user sends a request for obtaining an unlocking password to a remote management terminal;
the remote management terminal and the unlocking card management terminal generate unlocking passwords according to the same password generation rule, and the remote management terminal feeds back the unlocking passwords to a user;
the user inputs an unlocking password to the unlocking card management terminal, the unlocking card management terminal compares the currently input unlocking password with the self-generated unlocking password, if the currently input unlocking password is consistent with the self-generated unlocking password, the unlocking card is unlocked and is granted to be taken, and otherwise, the unlocking card is continuously locked;
the unlocking password is a dynamic password;
the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal generate an unlocking password by the following method:
s1, an unlocking card management terminal generates a digital sequence containing random numbers, step length and ID numbers of a remote management terminal;
s2, inputting a digital sequence to the remote management terminal, and decrypting a random number, a step length and an ID number of the remote management terminal;
s3, the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal form an initial encryption digital sequence by the random number, the step length and the ID number according to the same rule;
s4, the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal adopt an MD5 algorithm to carry out encryption operation on the initial encryption digital sequence to form an MD5 code;
s5, selecting X numbers from MD5 codes according to a set rule by the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal, and performing the same combination on the selected numbers to serve as an unlocking password, wherein X represents the set password number;
the remote management terminal generates a dynamic unlocking password according to the following method:
after receiving the request for obtaining the unlocking password, the remote management terminal feeds back the unlocking password to the user, and after feeding back the password, the remote management terminal adds the step length to the initial encryption digital sequence to perform encryption operation again by using the MD5 algorithm to form an MD5 code, selects X numbers as a new password according to the rule and waits for obtaining the unlocking password request next time;
the unlocking card management terminal generates a dynamic unlocking password according to the following method:
the unlocking card management terminal receives the input unlocking password and compares the input unlocking password with the self-generated unlocking password, if the input unlocking password is consistent with the self-generated unlocking password, the unlocking card is unlocked, the unlocking card management terminal adds the step length to the initial encryption digital sequence to perform encryption operation again by the MD5 algorithm to form an MD5 code after unlocking is performed, and X numbers are selected according to the rule to serve as new passwords and wait for the input of the next unlocking password;
when the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal are not synchronous, the unlocking card management terminal regenerates a random number and regenerates the regenerated random number, the step length and the ID number of the remote management terminal into a digital sequence;
then, inputting the regenerated digital sequence to the remote management terminal for decryption to obtain a new random number;
the remote management terminal and the unlock card management terminal both form a new encryption digit sequence by the regenerated random digit, the step length and the ID of the remote management terminal according to the same rule and execute step S4 and step S5, and in step S4, the initial encryption digit sequence is replaced by the new encryption digit sequence;
generating a digital sequence by:
the unlocking card management terminal combines the random number, the step length and the ID number of the remote management terminal according to a set sequence to form an information number;
the unlocking card management terminal carries out XOR operation on the information number and the randomly generated operation number to form a number sequence; the randomly generated operation numbers are respectively pre-stored in the unlocking card management terminal and the remote management terminal.
2. The substation five-prevention unlocking card management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the remote management terminal acquires the random number, the step length and the ID number of the remote management terminal by the following methods:
the remote management terminal carries out XOR operation on the input digital sequence and the prestored randomly generated operation digits to obtain information digits, and then the random digits, the step length and the ID digits of the remote management terminal are analyzed from the information digits according to the set sequence.
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