CN107271980A - A kind of segmented matched filter processing method to interval modulated signal - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种对间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波处理方法，步骤一：线性调频信号采样生成间歇调制信号。步骤二：设计间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波器。步骤三：对间歇调制信号进行分段匹配滤波处理，分析输出信号的目标特性。步骤四：实现最佳的间歇调制信号分段匹配滤波。本发明的有益效果包括：第一，解决间歇调制信号频谱不连续导致的假目标脉冲串自干扰问题。第二，消除假目标脉冲串对弱小目标信号的干扰。本发明提出的分段匹配滤波器的最佳结果能完全抑制假目标脉冲串，只输出真实目标信号，消除了假目标脉冲串对小目标信号的干扰。
The invention relates to a segmented matching filter processing method for an intermittent modulation signal, step 1: sampling a linear frequency modulation signal to generate an intermittent modulation signal. Step 2: Design a segmented matched filter for intermittently modulated signals. Step 3: Perform segmented matching filter processing on the intermittent modulation signal, and analyze the target characteristics of the output signal. Step 4: Realize the best segmented matched filtering of the intermittent modulation signal. The beneficial effects of the present invention include: firstly, solving the self-interference problem of false target pulse trains caused by discontinuous frequency spectrum of intermittent modulation signals. Second, eliminate the interference of false target pulse trains on weak and small target signals. The optimal result of the segmented matched filter proposed by the invention can completely suppress the false target pulse train, only output the real target signal, and eliminate the interference of the false target pulse train to the small target signal.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于雷达信号处理领域，具体涉及对雷达间歇调制信号的处理技术，特别是一种对间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波处理方法。The invention belongs to the field of radar signal processing, and in particular relates to a processing technology for radar intermittent modulation signals, in particular to a segmented matching filter processing method for intermittent modulation signals.
背景技术Background technique
雷达系统的内场辐射式仿真是在以微波暗室为代表的内场环境中，通过各种模拟技术和理论方法等效手段，真实地复现实际雷达电磁波的产生、辐射、传播、目标散射、接收、处理等所有过程。相比于外场辐射式仿真来说，内场辐射式仿真具有保密性好、灵活性高、重复性强等独特优势。在内场对窄带雷达进行仿真，可逼真复现复杂电磁环境下雷达的探测和跟踪过程。但是，如果应用这种方法对大时宽带宽雷达进行仿真，会遇到难以回避的困难：由于内场的距离较小，雷达的距离盲区较大，大于内场中目标和雷达的距离，这也意味着发射脉冲尚未完全发射完毕，而回波前沿已经达到，对于收发一体的雷达来说，难以完成回波的接收。如果将大时宽带宽信号分成若干段信号，即将一个大时宽带宽信号变成若干段的“间歇”信号，应用于宽带信号的内场辐射式仿真中，通过发射和接收的交替进行，生成长脉冲被分成多个短脉冲的间歇调制信号，可以有效解决场地受限、收发遮挡和信号隔离度要求高等难题。研究空间受限条件下间歇调制信号的目标回波脉冲处理方法，是解决雷达长脉冲信号内场辐射式仿真的关键技术。The internal field radiation simulation of the radar system is to truly reproduce the generation, radiation, propagation, target scattering, and Receiving, processing, etc. all processes. Compared with the external radiation simulation, the internal radiation simulation has unique advantages such as good confidentiality, high flexibility, and strong repeatability. Simulation of narrowband radar in the field can realistically reproduce the detection and tracking process of radar in a complex electromagnetic environment. However, if this method is used to simulate the radar with large time and wide bandwidth, it will encounter unavoidable difficulties: due to the small distance in the infield, the blind range of the radar is relatively large, which is greater than the distance between the target and the radar in the infield. It also means that the transmission pulse has not been completely transmitted, but the echo front has been reached, and it is difficult to complete the echo reception for the radar with integrated transceiver. If a signal with a large bandwidth is divided into several segments, that is, a signal with a large bandwidth is transformed into several segments of "intermittent" signals, which can be applied to the internal field radiation simulation of broadband signals. The intermittent modulation signal in which the growing pulse is divided into multiple short pulses can effectively solve the problems of limited space, shielding of sending and receiving, and high signal isolation requirements. Studying the target echo pulse processing method of intermittently modulated signals under space-constrained conditions is a key technology to solve the internal field radiation simulation of radar long pulse signals.
在对间歇调制信号进行处理的传统思路是采用长脉冲的匹配滤波器对间歇调制信号进行匹配滤波处理，但是，采用长脉冲匹配会导致匹配输出包含一系列假目标脉冲串，如果在一个较大的目标周围存在小目标，则会出现假目标串对弱小目标信号的遮盖，必须通过后期的信号处理和信息筛选来提高探测性能，因而仿真系统的规模变大、成本增加。如果能够直接利用匹配滤波处理抑制假目标脉冲串，则能够简化仿真系统，有效控制成本。实际上，长脉冲的匹配滤波器相对于间歇调制信号是存在“失配”的，可以根据间歇调制信号设计更佳的匹配滤波器，这为信号处理的优化提供了可能性。The traditional way of processing intermittent modulation signals is to use long-pulse matched filters to perform matched filtering on intermittent modulation signals. However, using long-pulse matching will cause the matching output to contain a series of false target pulse trains. If there are small targets around the target, the signal of the weak and small target will be covered by false target strings, and the detection performance must be improved through signal processing and information screening in the later stage, so the scale of the simulation system becomes larger and the cost increases. If the false target pulse train can be directly suppressed by matched filtering, the simulation system can be simplified and the cost can be effectively controlled. In fact, there is a "mismatch" between the long-pulse matched filter and the intermittent modulation signal, and a better matched filter can be designed according to the intermittent modulation signal, which provides the possibility for signal processing optimization.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种对间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波处理方法，以抑制间歇调制信号输出的假目标脉冲串，提高信号对真实目标的检测能力。主要采用匹配滤波技术，提出了对间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波处理方法。为了达到上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：The purpose of the present invention is to provide a segmented matching filter processing method for intermittent modulation signals, so as to suppress false target pulse trains output by intermittent modulation signals and improve the detection ability of signals to real targets. Mainly using the matched filter technique, a segmented matched filter processing method for the intermittent modulation signal is proposed. In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
步骤一：线性调频信号采样生成间歇调制信号。Step 1: Sampling the chirp signal to generate an intermittent modulation signal.
首先由信号发生器产生一定带宽、脉宽和调频斜率的线性调频信号，再用周期固定的方波脉冲串对其进行调制，生成间歇调制信号。First, the signal generator generates a linear frequency modulation signal with a certain bandwidth, pulse width and frequency modulation slope, and then modulates it with a square wave pulse train with a fixed period to generate an intermittent modulation signal.
步骤二：设计间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波器。Step 2: Design a segmented matched filter for intermittently modulated signals.
根据间歇调制信号的表达式，时域取反取共轭得到分段匹配滤波器的表达式，并设计实现分段匹配滤波器。According to the expression of the intermittent modulation signal, the expression of the segmented matched filter is obtained by inverting and conjugating in the time domain, and the segmented matched filter is designed and realized.
步骤三：对间歇调制信号进行分段匹配滤波处理，分析输出信号的目标特性。Step 3: Perform segmented matching filter processing on the intermittent modulation signal, and analyze the target characteristics of the output signal.
把不同采样周期的间歇调制信号通过对应的分段匹配滤波器进行处理，分析输出信号的目标特性，并研究得到输出信号中假目标脉冲串的大小与方波周期之间的关系。The intermittent modulation signals with different sampling periods are processed through the corresponding subsection matched filter, the target characteristics of the output signal are analyzed, and the relationship between the size of the false target pulse train in the output signal and the square wave period is obtained through research.
步骤四：实现最佳的间歇调制信号分段匹配滤波。Step 4: Realize the best segmented matched filtering of the intermittent modulation signal.
根据步骤三中得到的假目标脉冲串的大小与方波周期之间的关系，调节方波信号的周期，重复步骤一、二、三，实现最优化的间歇调制信号分段匹配滤波处理。According to the relationship between the magnitude of the false target pulse train obtained in step 3 and the period of the square wave, the period of the square wave signal is adjusted, and steps 1, 2, and 3 are repeated to realize the optimal segmented matching filter processing of the intermittent modulation signal.
本发明的有益效果主要包括：The beneficial effects of the present invention mainly include:
第一，解决间歇调制信号频谱不连续导致的假目标脉冲串自干扰问题。间歇调制信号的匹配滤波结果在时域表现为一系列的脉冲串，本文提出的分段匹配滤波方法，根据其输出的幅度特性反馈调节间歇采样的周期并设计相应的分段匹配滤波器，从而实现理想的匹配滤波处理，只输出真实目标信号，有效解决假目标脉冲串自干扰的问题；First, it solves the self-interference problem of the false target pulse train caused by the discontinuity of the frequency spectrum of the intermittently modulated signal. The matched filtering result of the intermittent modulation signal is represented as a series of pulse trains in the time domain. The segmented matched filtering method proposed in this paper adjusts the period of intermittent sampling according to the amplitude characteristic feedback of its output and designs the corresponding segmented matched filter. Realize the ideal matched filter processing, only output the real target signal, effectively solve the problem of false target pulse train self-interference;
第二，消除假目标脉冲串对弱小目标信号的干扰。间歇调制信号采用长脉冲匹配滤波器的输出包含一系列假目标脉冲串，因此，当存在强弱不同的多个目标时，大目标信号的假目标脉冲串会掩盖弱小目标的真实信号。本发明提出的分段匹配滤波器的最佳结果能完全抑制假目标脉冲串，只输出真实目标信号，消除了假目标脉冲串对小目标信号的干扰。Second, eliminate the interference of false target pulse trains on weak and small target signals. The output of the intermittent modulation signal using a long-pulse matched filter contains a series of false target pulse trains. Therefore, when there are multiple targets with different strengths, the false target pulse train of the large target signal will cover up the real signal of the weak and small target. The optimal result of the segmented matched filter proposed by the invention can completely suppress the false target pulse train, only output the real target signal, and eliminate the interference of the false target pulse train to the small target signal.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波处理的总体流程图。FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of segmented matched filter processing of intermittently modulated signals.
图2是线性调频信号采样生成间歇调制信号简单示意图。Fig. 2 is a simple schematic diagram of generating an intermittent modulation signal by sampling a linear frequency modulation signal.
图3(a)是间歇调制信号的频谱图。Fig. 3 (a) is the spectrogram of the intermittently modulated signal.
图3(b)是分段匹配滤波器频谱结构图。Fig. 3 (b) is the spectral structure diagram of the segmented matched filter.
图4(a)是调制周期为10-5s的间歇信号经过分段匹配滤波器的输出图。Figure 4(a) is the output diagram of the intermittent signal with a modulation period of 10 -5 s passing through the segmented matched filter.
图4(b)是调制周期为的间歇信号经过分段匹配滤波器的输出图。Figure 4(b) shows that the modulation period is The output diagram of the intermittent signal through the segmented matched filter.
图5是基于本发明的系统设计框图。Fig. 5 is a system design block diagram based on the present invention.
图6是本发明对最佳的间歇调制信号分段匹配滤波处理效果示例图。Fig. 6 is an example diagram of the best segmented matched filter processing effect of the intermittent modulation signal according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
目前，本发明仅适用于雷达线性调频信号，结合附图对本发明所提出的对间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波处理的方法作进一步解释。图1是本发明的简要流程图，图5是基于本发明所提出方法设计的系统框图。本发明具体涉及以下步骤:At present, the present invention is only applicable to radar chirp signals, and the method for segmented matching filter processing of intermittent modulation signals proposed by the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a brief flowchart of the present invention, and Fig. 5 is a system block diagram based on the method design of the present invention. The present invention specifically relates to the following steps:
步骤一：线性调频信号采样生成间歇调制信号。Step 1: Sampling the chirp signal to generate an intermittent modulation signal.
由信号发生器产生带宽为B、脉宽为T的单位能量的线性调频信号a(t)，用周期为Ts的单位幅度的方波脉冲串信号p(t)作为采样信号对线性调频信号进行调制，得到的间歇调制信号x(t)为：x(t)＝a(t)·p(t)，过程如图2所示。其中，采样脉冲持续时间ts等于方波脉冲串周期Ts的一半，即：2ts＝Ts；方波脉冲串周期Ts可以根据实际的要求进行调节控制，来实现最优的间歇调制信号设计和处理。The signal generator generates a chirp signal a(t) of unit energy with a bandwidth of B and a pulse width of T, and uses a square wave pulse train signal p(t) of unit amplitude with a period of T s as a sampling signal to perform the chirp signal After modulation, the obtained intermittent modulation signal x(t) is: x(t)=a(t)·p(t), and the process is shown in FIG. 2 . Among them, the sampling pulse duration t s is equal to half of the period T s of the square wave pulse train, namely: 2t s = T s ; the period T s of the square wave pulse train can be adjusted and controlled according to actual requirements to achieve optimal intermittent modulation Signal design and processing.
步骤二：设计间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波器。Step 2: Design a segmented matched filter for intermittently modulated signals.
由于间歇调制信号直接用线性调频信号的匹配滤波器进行处理时，输出包含一系列不可消除的假目标脉冲串，所以本发明直接对间歇调制信号时域取反并取共轭得到新的匹配滤波器，其表达式h(t)满足h(t)＝x*(-t)，其中t为时间参数，x(t)为间歇调制信号表达式，因为此时滤波器在时域上不连续，所以称之为分段匹配滤波器。间歇调制信号和分段匹配滤波器的频谱结构分别如图3(a)、图3(b)所示。When the intermittent modulation signal is directly processed by the matched filter of the chirp signal, the output contains a series of irreversible false target pulse trains, so the present invention directly inverts the intermittent modulation signal in the time domain and takes the conjugate to obtain a new matched filter The expression h(t) satisfies h(t)=x * (-t), where t is the time parameter, and x(t) is the expression of the intermittent modulation signal, because the filter is discontinuous in the time domain at this time , so it is called a segmented matched filter. The frequency spectrum structures of the intermittent modulation signal and the segmented matched filter are shown in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) respectively.
步骤三：对间歇调制信号进行分段匹配滤波处理，分析输出信号的目标特性。具体包括以下步骤：Step 3: Perform segmented matching filter processing on the intermittent modulation signal, and analyze the target characteristics of the output signal. Specifically include the following steps:
首先，把不同采样周期的间歇调制信号分别通过对应的分段匹配滤波器进行处理，结果如图4(a)、图4(b)所示。通过比较输出信号的目标特性，发现对于不同的采样周期，输出信号的假目标脉冲串的幅度值差异很大，因此需要具体研究二者之间的关系。First, the intermittent modulation signals with different sampling periods are processed through the corresponding segment matched filters, and the results are shown in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b). By comparing the target characteristics of the output signal, it is found that for different sampling periods, the amplitude value of the false target pulse train of the output signal is very different, so the relationship between the two needs to be studied in detail.
然后，根据仿真结果并运用信号卷积、傅里叶变换和傅里叶反变换推导可以得到，分段匹配滤波输出的第n阶假目标脉冲的幅度值bn为：Then, according to the simulation results and using signal convolution, Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform to derive, the amplitude value b n of the nth order false target pulse output by the segmented matched filter is:
由上式可知bn是周期变化的，其重复周期的大小与线性调频信号的脉宽B成正比，和线性调频信号的带宽T、方波周期的平方Ts 2成反比；且存在最小重复周期使得所有的脉冲在周期内的某个点处满足bn＝0，即对应的脉冲幅度全部为零。It can be seen from the above formula that b n changes periodically, and the size of its repetition period is proportional to the pulse width B of the chirp signal, and inversely proportional to the bandwidth T of the chirp signal and the square T s 2 of the square wave period; and there is a minimum repetition The period makes all pulses satisfy bn =0 at a certain point in the period, that is, the corresponding pulse amplitudes are all zero.
第三，推导发现当(k为任意非负整数)时，所有非零阶的脉冲峰值bn均为0，即输出能够完全消除假目标脉冲串的影响。Third, the derivation found that when (k is any non-negative integer), all non-zero-order pulse peak values b n are 0, that is, the output can completely eliminate the influence of false target pulse trains.
步骤四：实现最佳的间歇调制信号分段匹配滤波。Step 4: Realize the best segmented matched filtering of the intermittent modulation signal.
根据信号发生器产生线性调频信号的带宽B和脉宽T，调节方波发生器产生周期Ts满足(k为任意非负整数)的方波脉冲串，对线性调频信号进行调制生成最佳的间歇调制信号和相应的分段匹配滤波器，进行匹配滤波处理的输出如图6所示。According to the bandwidth B and pulse width T of the linear frequency modulation signal generated by the signal generator, adjust the generation period T s of the square wave generator to satisfy (k is any non-negative integer) square wave pulse train, modulate the chirp signal to generate the best intermittent modulation signal and the corresponding segment matched filter, and the output of the matched filter processing is shown in Figure 6.
图4(a)、图4(b)和图6是对本发明所进行的仿真验证。两组仿真均设置线性调频信号的带宽B＝5MHz，脉宽T＝1.25×10-4s。Fig. 4(a), Fig. 4(b) and Fig. 6 are simulation verifications carried out to the present invention. Both groups of simulations set the bandwidth B of the chirp signal to 5 MHz, and the pulse width T to 1.25×10 -4 s.
图4(a)、图4(b)是本发明对方波周期随机选取的间歇调制信号的分段匹配滤波处理的效果示例图。仿真设置的方波周期Ts分别为10-5s和 Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b) are example diagrams of the effect of the segmented matched filter processing of the intermittent modulation signal whose square wave period is randomly selected according to the present invention. The square wave period T s set by the simulation is 10 -5 s and
图6是本发明实现最佳的间歇调制信号分段匹配滤波处理的效果示例图。仿真实验中，设置方波周期为即此时滤波器输出为真实目标脉冲信号，假目标脉冲串被完全消除，避免通过后期数据处理来提取真实目标信号，优化了信号处理的过程。FIG. 6 is an example diagram of the present invention to realize the optimal segmented matched filter processing of the intermittent modulation signal. In the simulation experiment, set the square wave period as which is At this time, the output of the filter is the real target pulse signal, and the false target pulse train is completely eliminated, avoiding the extraction of the real target signal through post-data processing, and optimizing the signal processing process.
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| CN107817478A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-20 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Asynchronous flicker angle deception jamming method based on phase modulation surface |
| CN108732558A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-11-02 | 东南大学 | A kind of matched filtering computational methods based on copy signal subsection |
| CN111294116A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-06-16 | 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 | Linear frequency modulation signal processing method, device and equipment |
| CN111294117A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-06-16 | 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 | Phase coding signal processing method, device and equipment |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107817478A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-20 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Asynchronous flicker angle deception jamming method based on phase modulation surface |
| CN107817478B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-08-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Asynchronous flicker angle deception jamming method based on phase modulation surface |
| CN108732558A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-11-02 | 东南大学 | A kind of matched filtering computational methods based on copy signal subsection |
| CN108732558B (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-08-24 | 东南大学 | A Matched Filter Computation Method Based on Segmentation of Copy Signals |
| CN111294116A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-06-16 | 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 | Linear frequency modulation signal processing method, device and equipment |
| CN111294117A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-06-16 | 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 | Phase coding signal processing method, device and equipment |
| CN111294117B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-04-29 | 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 | A phase-encoded signal processing method, device and device |
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