CN107271975B - The radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method measured in real time based on frequency - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method measured in real time based on frequency, and detailed process is:Step 1:Simulator carries out envelope extraction to the transmitting signal pulse of radar;In N2In a radar transmitted pulse period, simulator carries out clock count N using local clock3;Step 2 calculates revised Doppler frequency analog quantity f 'd,Wherein, fdDoppler frequency corresponding to the target of quasi- simulation, α are the ratio between the work clock nominal frequency value of radar and simulator,For frequency correction factor;Step 3 utilizes the Doppler frequency analog quantity f 'd, realize and radar return Doppler frequency coherent simulated.This method can fast implement the coherent simulation to radar return Doppler frequency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of radar return coherent analogy methods, and in particular to a kind of radar measured in real time based on frequency
Echo Doppler Frequency coherent analogy method, belongs to radar echo simulation technical field.
Background technology
Radar echo simulation is the product that system analogue technique is combined with Radar Technology, and the object of radar echo simulation is
The target and environment of radar, simulation contain radar target and the radar echo signal of target environment information the result is that reappearing.Thunder
Directly reflect the speed of related movement information between radar and target up to Echo Doppler Frequency, however, working as radar echo simulation
When device (hereinafter simulator) is not homologous with radar system reference clock, generation is directly simulated using simulator local clock
Doppler frequency is inevitably present frequency departure with practical radar return Doppler frequency, and it is more which is referred to as puppet
Pu Le.In order to eliminate the influence of pseudo- Doppler, the precision of radar return Doppler frequency simulation is improved, is often used in engineering at present
Two methods:One is by external reference frequency input in the way of, it is another then be using simulator phase-locked local ring come with
Track radar emission carrier frequency.
Existed by Sun Yuzhu et al. within 2004《Spacecraft TT&C journal》The periodical phase page 41 of volume 23 the 2nd delivers to page 43
In " Radar Simulator of Frequencies based on DDS technologies " text and 2005 are existed by general Zhao et al.《Electronic technology is answered
With》Page 20 to page 22 " Development of Radar IF Simulator based on DSP, DDS and ARM and realities delivered of the 9th phase of periodical
Now " in a text, proposes and radar and simulator are shared into a clock reference source using external reference frequency input, to protect
The radar echo simulation method of the transmitting carrier wave and the equal coherent of work clock of both cards, this working method simulation precision are high.But
Under most scenes, radar is typically an independent work system, can not carry out reference frequency input and reference frequency output, from
And the reference frequency coherent of radar and simulator can not be directly realized by.
2013, existed by Ge Yao et al.《Radio engineering》What periodical page 62 to page 64 of the phase of volume 43 the 5th delivered " is based on
In the radar simulator research and design of a DRFM technologies " text, it is proposed that a kind of to utilize simulator phase-locked local ring to radar emission
Simple pulse signal locking phase with it is synchronous, simulator regeneration a reference source and radar incoming carrier are realized after phase lock loop locks
Coherent, later utilize simulator regeneration a reference source carry out Doppler frequency simulation method.This method eliminates pseudo- Doppler,
But phaselocked loop frequency discrimination is limited in scope, and to the big bandwidth signal that radar generates, phaselocked loop phase locked track is difficult, it is difficult to it is accurate generate with
The simulator regeneration frequency benchmark of radar reference frequency coherent realizes radar return so as to cause locking phase regeneration is difficult to work with
Doppler frequency coherent simulation.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of radar return Doppler frequency coherent simulations measured in real time based on frequency
Method, this method are referred to using the radar emission signal modulation pulse envelope extracted as metering, and arteries and veins is modulated by certain amount
The simulator local clock rushed in interval counted week value (number of cycles) and with the radar clock count week value (period in time interval
Number) Combined Calculation, obtain the frequency correction factor between radar reference clock and simulator reference clock, be by frequency amendment
Number is used further to Doppler frequency analog compensation, realizes the coherent simulation to radar return Doppler frequency.
Realize that technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method measured in real time based on frequency, as shown in Figure 1, specific mistake
Cheng Wei:
Step 1:Simulator carries out envelope extraction to the transmitting signal pulse of radar;In N2A radar transmitted pulse period
Interior, simulator carries out clock count N using local clock3;
Wherein, floor is downward bracket function;N1For within the repetition period of radar transmitted pulse, radar reference clock
Counting;fclk_simIndicate the frequency of local clock on simulator;fclk_radarIndicate the frequency of radar reference clock;
Step 2 calculates revised Doppler frequency analog quantity f'd,
Wherein, fdDoppler frequency corresponding to the target of quasi- simulation, α are the nominal frequency of work clock of radar and simulator
The ratio between rate value,For frequency correction factor;
Step 3 utilizes the Doppler frequency analog quantity f'd, realize and radar return Doppler frequency coherent simulated.
Further, the detailed process of third step of the present invention is:
First, according to the Doppler frequency analog quantity f'd, obtain two-way orthogonal Doppler signal:
SdI(n)=cos (2 π f'dnTs) (13)
SdQ(n)=sin (2 π f'dnTs) (14)
Secondly, using the two-way orthogonal Doppler signal to via simulator local digital quadrature frequency conversion, low pass filtered
Signal after wave carries out orthogonal Doppler modulation;
Again, modulated signal is carried out to include the processing of simulator local digital quadrature up-conversion, obtains radar return
Analog signal is realized and is simulated to radar return Doppler frequency coherent.
Further, simulator of the present invention is before carrying out local digital quadrature frequency conversion, to received signal into
Row down coversion, low pass filtered involve A/D conversion process;The simulator also carries out the signal that digital quadrature up-conversion is handled
D/A conversions, up-conversion and bandpass filtering treatment.
Further, the centre frequency of bandpass filter of the present invention is f0, bandwidth fLo_sim/ 6, wherein f0In order to reach
Emit the carrier frequency of signal, fLo_simThe frequency of the local oscillation signal of up-conversion and down coversion is carried out for simulator.
Advantageous effect
1) present invention breaches conventional radar echo simulator and realizes that coherent radar analogue echoes need to increase external clock base
Accurate bottleneck innovatively proposes and a kind of carries out that DISCHARGE PULSES EXTRACTION, local clock counts and then real in the multiple-pulse period to signal
Existing frequency accurately measures the Doppler frequency coherent analogy method with compensation online, is solving radar echo coherent simulation
The flexibility of radar simulator work is improved while problem.
2) the method is unrelated with signal system in radar pulse, has extensive adaptability.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the implementation block diagram of 1 radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method of example.
Specific implementation mode
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiment, to this
Invention is described in further detail.
Example 1:
The radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method that this example is measured in real time based on frequency, radar is sent out in the example
It is linear FM signal to penetrate signal, and detailed process is:
The first step:Simulator receipt signal model
Simulator receives the linear FM signal of radar transmitted pulse modulation, indicates as follows:
Wherein, f0For radar emission carrier frequency, TpFor pulse width, TrFor the pulse repetition period, A believes for linear frequency modulation
Number amplitude, K are chirped modulation coefficientB is linear frequency modulation bandwidth,For radar emission carrier wave initial phase,
Rect (t) is rectangular pulse functions, is defined as follows:
Second step:Doppler frequency coherent is simulated
Simulator uses frequency for fLo_simLocal oscillator docking collect mail number carry out a down coversion, then carry out low-pass filtering, A/D turn
After parallel operation sampling, obtaining digital medium-frequency signal is:
In formula, fI=f0-fLo_simFor simulator received IF signal frequency, fsFor simulator A/D converter sampling clock
Frequency,For simulator sampling clock cycle, n indicates sampled point serial number.
Simulator carries out the envelope extraction of radar transmitted pulse by digital power detecting way, that is, carries out following logic fortune
It calculates:
S in formular_IF_sim(n) S is usedr(n) it indicates.
Consider the repetition period T in radar transmitted pulse pulse_radar (n)rIt is interior, radar reference clock (actual frequency
It is calculated as fclk_radar) count N1A clock cycle.In N2In a radar transmitted pulse pulse_radar (n) period, simulator utilizes
(actual frequency is calculated as f to local clockclk_sim) clock count is carried out, consider that simulator local clock counts in the time interval
Be worth in week is N3.Therefore it can obtain:
Wherein, floor is downward bracket function.
If the work clock nominal frequency value of radar is f'clk_radar, the work clock nominal frequency value of simulator is
f'clk_sim, the ratio of the two is defined as:
Utilize the orthogonal intermediate-freuqncy signal cos of simulator local digital (2 π f'InTs) and-sin (2 π f'InTs), it is sampled to receiving
Intermediate-freuqncy signal S afterwardsr_IF_sim(n) digital quadrature down conversion is carried out, is obtained:
In formula, f'IFor the carrier frequency of simulator local digital intermediate-freuqncy signal, Δ fI=fI-f'ITo remain frequency difference.
Signal S after digital quadrature demodulationI(n) and SQ(n) low-pass filtered, it respectively obtains:
If the target velocity of quasi- simulation is v, corresponding Doppler frequency is:
In formula, c=3 × 108M/s is the light velocity.
Define revised Doppler frequency analog quantity f'dFor:
Wherein,For frequency correction factor.
It is obtained using direct digital synthesis technique (DDS) technology according to the revised Doppler frequency analog quantity of formula (12)
Two-way orthogonal Doppler signal:
SdI(n)=cos (2 π f'dnTs) (13)
SdQ(n)=sin (2 π f'dnTs) (14)
Utilize SdI(n)、SdQ(n) to SI_L_sim(n) and SQ_L_sim(n) orthogonal Doppler modulation is carried out, is obtained:
Utilize local digital intermediate-freuqncy signal cos (2 π f'InTs)、-sin(2πf'InTs), to Sv_I_sim(n)、Sv_Q_sim(n)
Digital quadrature up-conversion is carried out, is obtained:
The signal obtains after D/A is converted:
Use frequency for fLo_simSimulator local oscillation signal cos (2 π fLo_simT) to St_IF_sim(t) up-conversion is carried out, is obtained
It arrives:
Consider f'd< < fLo_sim, through centre frequency f0, bandwidth fLo_sim/ 6 bandpass filter is to St_mix_sim(t) into
Row filtering, obtains:
For the Doppler frequency simulation precision analysis of example 1:
Revised Doppler frequency f'dFor:
Simulator generates local orthogonal Doppler signal cos (2 π f' using DDS technologiesdnTs) and sin (2 π f'dnTs),
In, Doppler frequency control word is:
Wherein, M1For the word length of phase accumulator in simulator DDS, round () is round function.
Then the practical Doppler frequency value of radar return of the quasi- simulation generation of simulator is:
The echo is received through radar, after detection and undistorted tracking measurement, obtained Doppler frequency radar tracking frequency
Word is:
Wherein, M2For the word length of radar tracking loop DDS phase accumulators.
Doppler frequency measurement value after radar resolves is:
Thus, the Doppler frequency f after radar resolvingdrWith desired Doppler frequency fdBetween relative error be:
Example 2:
The radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method that this example is measured in real time based on frequency, radar is sent out in the example
Signal is penetrated as linear FM signal, the work clock nominal frequency of radar and simulator is 300MHz, i.e. f'clk_radar=
f'clk_sim=300MHz,The quasi- stability of radar clock is 10ppm, i.e. radar work clock actual frequency
fclk_radar=300 × (1+10-5)MHz;The quasi- stability of simulator clock is -10ppm, i.e. simulator work clock actual frequency
fclk_sim=300 × (1-10-5) MHz, consider that radar work clock counts N1=750000 clock cycle generate the periodThe detailed process of this method is:
The first step:Simulator receipt signal model describes
The linear frequency modulation that simulator receives emits signal, indicates as follows:
In formula, TP=0.5 × (1-10-5) ms be radar transmitted pulse width, f0=15 × (1+10-5) GHz be radar
Emit signal(-) carrier frequency, A=1V is linear FM signal amplitude, and K is chirped modulation coefficientB=0.1 × (1+10-5) MHz be linear FM signal bandwidth,For thunder
Up to transmitting signal initial phase, Rect (t) is rectangular pulse functions,
Second step:Doppler frequency coherent is simulated
Simulator uses frequency for fLo_sim=14.88 × (1-10-5) GHz local oscillator, docking collect mail number carry out a down coversion,
After low-pass filtering, A/D converter sampling, obtaining digital medium-frequency signal is:
In formula, fI=f0-fLo_sim=120.2988MHz is simulator received IF signal frequency, fs=300 × (1-10-5) MHz be simulator A/D converter sample clock frequency,For simulator sampling clock cycle.
Simulator carries out the envelope extraction of radar transmitted pulse by digital power detecting way, that is, carries out following logic fortune
It calculates:
Later, simulator carries out N2Local clock in=1000 radar transmitted pulse periods counts, by Such analysis,
Simulator local clock count value N within the period3For
Then, simulator utilizes the orthogonal intermediate-freuqncy signal cos of local digital (2 π f'InTs) and-sin (2 π f'InTs) (wherein,
f'I=120 × (1-10-5) MHz be simulator local digital intermediate-freuqncy signal carrier frequency), to receive sample after intermediate frequency believe
Number Sr_IF_sim(n) digital quadrature down conversion is carried out, is obtained:
In formula, Δ fI=fI-f'I=0.3MHz is residual frequency difference.
Signal S after digital quadrature demodulationI(n) and SQ(n) low-pass filtered, it respectively obtains:
If the target velocity of quasi- simulation is v=100m/s, corresponding Doppler frequency is:
In formula, c=3 × 108M/s is the light velocity.
The influence for considering radar reference clock and simulator reference clock frequency difference defines revised Doppler frequency simulation
Value is:
Wherein,For frequency correction factor
It is orthogonal more to obtain two-way using direct digital synthesis technique (DDS) technology according to revised Doppler frequency value
General Le signal:
SdI(n)=cos (2 π f'dnTs)
SdQ(n)=sin (2 π f'dnTs)
Utilize SdI(n)、SdQ(n) to SI_L_sim(n) and SQ_L_sim(n) orthogonal Doppler modulation is carried out, is obtained:
Wherein, Δ fI=fI-f'I=0.3MHz is the residual frequency difference of radar and the not homologous introducing of simulator clock.
Utilize local digital intermediate-freuqncy signal cos (2 π f'InTs)、-sin(2πf'InTs), to Sv_I_sim(n)、Sv_Q_sim(n)
Digital quadrature up-conversion is carried out, is obtained:
Wherein, fI=120.2988MHz, f'd=10.0002kHz
The signal obtains after D/A is converted:
Use frequency for fLo_sim=14.88 × (1-10-5) GHz simulator local oscillation signal cos (2 π fLo_simT) right
St_IF_sim(t) up-conversion is carried out, is obtained:
Consider f'd< < fLo_sim, through centre frequency f0, bandwidth fLo_sim/ 6 bandpass filter is to St_mix_sim(t) into
Row filtering, obtains:
Wherein, f0=15 × (1+10-5) GHz, f'd=10.0002kHz.
For the Doppler frequency simulation precision analysis of example 2
Simulator generates local orthogonal Doppler signal cos (2 π f' using DDS technologiesdnTs) and sin (2 π f'dnTs),
In, Doppler frequency control word is:
Wherein, M1=40 be the word length of phase accumulator in simulator DDS.
Then the practical Doppler frequency value of radar return of simulator simulation generation is:
The analogue echo is received through radar, after detection and undistorted tracking measurement, obtains Doppler frequency radar tracking frequency
Rate word is:
Wherein, M2=40 be the word length of radar tracking loop DDS phase accumulators.
It is doppler frequency measurement value that radar tracking frequency word, which is resolved, is obtained:
Thus, the Doppler frequency f after radar resolvesdrWith desired Doppler frequency fdBetween relative error
For:
It can be seen that the analogy method has very high Doppler frequency simulation precision.
The present invention include but is not limited to more than embodiment, every any office under the spirit and principles in the present invention
Portion is changed and equivalent replacement, all will be regarded as within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method measured in real time based on frequency, which is characterized in that specific mistake
Cheng Wei:
Step 1:Simulator carries out envelope extraction to the transmitting signal pulse of radar;In N2In a radar transmitted pulse period, mould
Quasi- device carries out clock count N using local clock3;
Wherein, floor is downward bracket function;N1For within the repetition period of radar transmitted pulse, the meter of radar reference clock
Number;fclk_simIndicate the frequency of local clock on simulator;fclk_radarIndicate the frequency of radar reference clock;
Step 2 calculates revised Doppler frequency analog quantity f 'd,
Wherein, fdThe Doppler frequency corresponding to target for quasi- simulation, α are the work clock nominal frequency of radar and simulator
The ratio between value,For frequency correction factor;
Step 3 utilizes the Doppler frequency analog quantity f 'd, realize and radar return Doppler frequency coherent simulated.
2. the radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method measured in real time based on frequency according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the detailed process of step 3 is:
First, according to the Doppler frequency analog quantity f 'd, obtain two-way orthogonal Doppler signal:
SdI(n)=cos (2 π f 'dnTs) (13)
SdQ(n)=sin (2 π f 'dnTs) (14)
Wherein, TsFor simulator sampling clock cycle, secondly, using the two-way orthogonal Doppler signal to via simulator sheet
Signal after ground digital quadrature down conversion, low-pass filtering carries out orthogonal Doppler modulation;
Again, the processing of simulator local digital quadrature up-conversion is carried out to modulated signal, obtains radar echo simulation signal,
It realizes and radar return Doppler frequency coherent is simulated.
3. the radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method measured in real time based on frequency according to claim 2, special
Sign is that the simulator carries out down coversion, low-pass filtering before carrying out local digital quadrature frequency conversion, to received signal
And A/D conversion process;The simulator to the signal that digital quadrature up-conversion is handled also carry out D/A conversions, up-conversion and
Bandpass filtering treatment.
4. the radar return Doppler frequency coherent analogy method measured in real time based on frequency according to claim 3, special
Sign is that the centre frequency of the bandpass filter is f0, bandwidth fLo_sim/ 6, wherein f0For the carrier frequency of radar emission signal
Rate, fLo_simThe frequency of the local oscillation signal of up-conversion and down coversion is carried out for simulator.
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