CN107271932B - Improved B-H measuring coil and method for measuring two-dimensional magnetic characteristics of cubic sample based on improved B-H measuring coil - Google Patents

Improved B-H measuring coil and method for measuring two-dimensional magnetic characteristics of cubic sample based on improved B-H measuring coil Download PDF

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CN107271932B
CN107271932B CN201710470672.2A CN201710470672A CN107271932B CN 107271932 B CN107271932 B CN 107271932B CN 201710470672 A CN201710470672 A CN 201710470672A CN 107271932 B CN107271932 B CN 107271932B
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measuring
coil
measuring coil
layer
magnetic field
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CN107271932A (en
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丁晓峰
任素萍
翟容
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Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux

Abstract

An improved B-H measuring coil is characterized in that a magnetic field intensity measuring coil is made of 4 layers of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), wiring is conducted on each layer of board, the middle two layers are connected through via holes to form an inner layer H measuring coil, the outer two layers form an outer layer H measuring coil through the same method, and the inner measuring coil and the outer measuring coil are connected in series through the via holes to form an integral H measuring coil. Meanwhile, the magnetic flux density measuring coil is made of a 4-layer Printed Circuit Board (PCB), each layer is a closed conductor formed by spiral wiring, the wiring in each layer is the same, and the layers are connected in series through via holes to form an integral B measuring coil. Before the improved B-H measuring coil is used for measuring the two-dimensional magnetic characteristics, the accurate relation between the terminal voltage of the B-H measuring coil and the terminal voltage of the corresponding coil needs to be obtained, namely the measuring coil is calibrated, and the calibrating method comprises five steps. The measuring coil structure has high reliability and accuracy and is more convenient to measure.

Description

Improved B-H measuring coil and method for measuring two-dimensional magnetic characteristics of cubic sample based on improved B-H measuring coil
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring coil, in particular to a measuring coil for measuring magnetic flux density B and magnetic field intensity H, a two-dimensional magnetic characteristic measuring structure of a cubic sample based on the coil, and a two-dimensional magnetic characteristic measuring method.
Background
In most two-dimensional magnetic property measurement experiments, vectors B (magnetic flux density) and H (magnetic field strength) are measured by a B measurement coil and an H measurement coil, wherein the B measurement coil is wound in two small holes in a sample, and the H measurement coil is tightly attached to the sample. Both the B and H measurement coils follow the law of electromagnetic induction. However, both the conventional microwell method and the new probe method cannot be applied when considering the stacking direction stress, since the large stacking direction mechanical stress will destroy the B measurement coil and the B probe. Similarly, the conventional H-measuring coil and other proposed coils cannot be applied to two-dimensional magnetic characteristic measurement considering the stacking stress.
The existing H measuring coil is wound on the circuit board of the B measuring coil. However, manually wound H-measuring coils are not ideal because there is a large closed loop area with a vertical component perpendicular to the magnetic field strength.
In the existing silicon steel sheet two-dimensional magnetic characteristic measuring system, measuring coils of magnetic flux density vectors B are wound on a silicon steel sheet sample, measuring coils of magnetic field strength vectors H are wound on an H coil sensor in an orthogonal mode, the H coil sensor is fixed on the surface of the sample to be measured, and the area of the H coil sensor is equal to that of the silicon steel sheet sample. However, due to the demagnetization effect, the magnetic field strength vector H is relatively uniform only at the center of the sample surface and approximately equal to the magnetic field strength inside the sample. The gap caused by winding the B coil on the surface of the sample brings obstruction to the assembly and the disassembly of the H coil sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the invention provides an improved B-H measuring coil and a measuring method based on the coil.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
1) the magnetic field intensity H measuring coil is made of four layers of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), coil windows etched on the two layers of PCBs in the middle and the two layers of PCBs at the outer side are opposite to the side faces of the PCBs, wires arranged on the top layer and the bottom layer form measuring coils with a certain number of turns, and conductors in the two layers in the middle form the measuring coils with the same number of turns; and wiring is carried out on each layer of circuit board, the two layers in the middle are connected through the through holes to form a closed loop, an inner layer H measuring coil is formed, and the starting end conductor of each turn of closed coil and the vertical lead form a wiring mode with a certain included angle and are connected to the adjacent closed coil in series. The outer two layers form an outer layer H measuring coil with equal turns by the same method, and the inner layer H measuring coil and the outer layer H measuring coil are connected in series through a through hole to form an integral magnetic field intensity H measuring coil; the projections of the sensing coil conductors in each layer are overlapped, so that the measurement error caused by the normal component of the magnetic field intensity is eliminated.
2) The magnetic flux density B measuring coil is made of four layers of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), and each layer is subjected to spiral wiring to form a series coil with a plurality of closed turns. Meanwhile, the 4 layers of circuit boards are subjected to the same wiring, so that the closed surfaces of the closed coils etched on each layer of the printed circuit board are opposite to the front surface of the printed circuit board PCB. The starting end of the closed B measuring coil on each layer is connected with the tail end of the closed B measuring coil on the previous layer through the via hole, the four layers of the closed B measuring coils are sequentially connected in series in this way to form the whole magnetic flux density B measuring coil, and the starting end of the closed B measuring coil on the top layer and the tail end of the closed B measuring coil on the bottom layer are connected with an external circuit through the via hole.
3) The measuring structure based on the B-H measuring coil and the cubic silicon steel sample piece to be measured consists of the cubic silicon steel sample piece to be measured, the magnetic field intensity H measuring coil in claim 1 and the magnetic flux density B measuring coil in claim 2; the 4H measuring coils are tightly attached to the front side, the rear side, the left side and the right side of the cubic sample, and the H measuring coils on the front side and the rear side are connected in series and used for measuring the magnetic field intensity in the X direction in the cubic silicon steel sample piece to be measured. And the H measuring coils on the left side surface and the right side surface are connected in series and used for measuring the magnetic field intensity in the Y direction in the cubic silicon steel sample piece to be measured. The 4B measuring coils are attached to the outer surface of the H measuring coil, are the same as the H measuring coil, are connected in series, and are used for measuring the components of the magnetic flux density in the cubic silicon steel sample piece to be measured along the X direction and the Y direction respectively.
4) And because the magnetic characteristic measuring system of the cubic sample piece detects the induced voltage at the two ends of the magnetic flux density or magnetic field intensity measuring coil, and the relation between the end voltage of the measuring coil and the corresponding magnetic flux density or magnetic field intensity needs to be obtained when the magnetic flux density and magnetic field intensity value in the sample piece are to be obtained, namely the measuring coil needs to be calibrated. The improved calibration method of the H measuring coil comprises the following calibration steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing a magnetic field intensity H measuring coil on an H measuring coil fixing handle, and assembling the fixing handle and the solenoid framework;
step two: switching on a power supply at the primary side of a single-phase voltage regulator, adjusting the output voltage at the secondary side by rotating a knob of the voltage regulator so as to change the magnitude of the current passing through a winding of the calibration solenoid, and displaying and recording the current waveforms of each group of experiments by using a current clamp and an oscilloscope;
step three: two ends of a measuring coil in the solenoid are connected with the input end of an amplifier, the output of the amplifier is transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card, and the waveform of the induced voltage of the coil is displayed on the computer by using LABVIEW software;
step four: repeatedly executing the first step to the third step, recording 50 groups of induction voltages and corresponding current waveforms passing through the solenoid, and calculating effective values of the induction voltages and the corresponding currents passing through the solenoid within a measurement time range by using the data;
step five: by the effect of electric currentAnd calculating the value to obtain the effective value of the magnetic field intensity in the corresponding solenoid. Using multiple sets of magnetic field strengths H and effective values E of corresponding induced voltagesHPerforming linear regression fitting EHH straight line, resulting correspondence of field strength measurement coils H ═ f (E)H) And then the calibration of the magnetic field intensity H measuring coil is completed.
5) The calibration method of the magnetic flux density B measuring coil is similar to that of the magnetic flux density B measuring coil, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing the magnetic flux density measuring coil on a fixing handle of the measuring coil B, and assembling the fixing handle and the solenoid framework;
step two: switching on a power supply at the primary side of a single-phase voltage regulator, adjusting the output voltage at the secondary side by rotating a knob of the voltage regulator so as to change the magnitude of the current passing through a winding of the calibration solenoid, and displaying and recording the current waveforms of each group of experiments by using a current clamp and an oscilloscope;
step three: two ends of a measuring coil in the solenoid are connected with the input end of an amplifier, the output of the amplifier is transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card, and the waveform of the induced voltage of the coil is displayed on the computer by using LABVIEW software;
step four: repeatedly executing the first step to the third step, recording 50 groups of induction voltages and corresponding current waveforms passing through the solenoid, and calculating effective values of the induction voltages and the corresponding currents passing through the solenoid within a measurement time range by using the data;
step five: and calculating the effective value of the magnetic flux density in the corresponding solenoid according to the effective value of the current. Using a plurality of sets of magnetic flux densities B and effective values E of corresponding induced voltagesBPerforming linear regression fitting EBLine B, resulting in a correspondence of the flux density measuring coil B ═ f (E)B) And completing the calibration of the magnetic flux density B measuring coil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention is made based on a 4-layer Printed Circuit Board (PCB), the etched coil windows on the middle two layers and the outer two layers are opposite to the side surface of the PCB, and because the lead projection of each coil is completely overlapped, the magnetic field intensity component with the area equivalent to the vertical closed loop is offset. Thus, the modified H-measuring coil detects only the tangential component of the boundary magnetic field strength between the sample piece and the air gap.
(2) The improved B-H measuring coil is made on the basis of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), wherein the H measuring coil is tightly attached to the front, the back, the left and the right side surfaces of the cubic sample piece and is positioned in the center of the side surface of the cubic sample. Due to the advantages of the PCB technology, the B-H measuring coils can be very thin, the thickness of the B-H measuring coils is smaller than 1mm, the measuring result is closer to the internal condition of a sample of the cubic sample, and the measurement is more accurate.
(3) The B-H measuring coil is manufactured on the basis of the PCB, so that the insulation of the coil conductor and the external cube sample piece and other circuit parts can be effectively ensured, the coil conductor is not easily extruded to deform or even damaged, and the reliability of the measuring coil structure is high.
(4) When the invention is used for measuring the magnetic flux density B and the magnetic field intensity H, the magnetic field passing through the B measuring coil and the H measuring coil can be directly used for representing the magnetic flux density and the magnetic field intensity in the sample piece, and the measurement accuracy is analyzed and verified, so that the measurement is more convenient.
(5) The B-H measuring coil is calibrated, so that the measuring functions of the B measuring coil and the H measuring coil are better realized in actual measurement, and the magnetic flux density and the magnetic field intensity in the cubic sample piece can be effectively measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a modified H-measurement coil;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a modified H measurement coil;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the modified H measurement coil;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a modified H measurement coil;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the B measurement coil;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cube assembled with a B-H measurement coil;
FIG. 7 is a calibration device for a cubic and B-H measuring coil.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the device comprises an insulating layer 2, a via hole 3, a conductor 4, an external wiring pad 5, a top layer conductor 6, a 1 st middle layer conductor 7, a 2 nd middle layer conductor 8, a bottom layer conductor 9, an insulating layer 10, a B measurement coil conductor 11, a via hole 12, a silicon steel cubic sample to be measured 13, a magnetic field strength H measurement coil 14, a magnetic flux density B measurement coil 15, a supporting leg 16, an excitation coil solenoid framework 17, a magnetic flux density B measurement coil fixing handle 18 and a magnetic field strength H measurement coil fixing handle.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, fig. 1 to 4 are views showing an improved magnetic field strength H measurement coil based on a PCB printed board according to the present invention, fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view showing a structure of the H measurement coil, fig. 2 is a front view, fig. 3 is a left side view, and fig. 4 is a plan view. The insulating layer 1 of the PCB is used for realizing the insulation of the inner conductor of the PCB and the contact surface of the cubic sample to be measured and protecting the inner conductor. The top layer conductor 5 is connected with the bottom layer conductor 8 in series through the via hole 2 to form a closed loop, and an outer layer H coil structure is formed. The 1 st intermediate layer conductor 6 is also connected in series with the 2 nd intermediate layer conductor 7 through the via hole 2 to form a closed loop, constituting an inner H-coil structure. Each turn of the outer layer H coil and the inner layer H coil are connected in series by a wiring manner shown in fig. 2, and are respectively 25 turns, and are connected in series to form an H measurement coil. When a magnetic field passes through the H measuring coil, induced voltage is generated at two ends of the coil, and the coil is connected with other H measuring coils and an external detection system through an external connection pad 4 in the figure 2. Fig. 5 shows a magnetic flux density B measuring coil, in a 4-layer PCB, each layer is wired in the same spiral shape 10, and the layers are connected in series through internal via holes, when a magnetic field passes through the B measuring coil, induced voltages are generated at both ends of the coil, and the B measuring coil and an external detection system are connected through an external connection pad 11 in fig. 5.
B-H measuring coils based on a PCB are assembled on the four peripheral surfaces of a cubic silicon steel sample to be measured in a mode of a graph 6, wherein the H measuring coils are tightly attached to the surface of the cubic sample, the B measuring coils are arranged on the outer layers of the H measuring coils, and the B, H measuring coils are mutually insulated. Meanwhile, the H measurement coil (and the B measurement coil) on the opposite side are connected in series and connected to the external detection circuit through the external wiring pads.
In order to accurately apply the B-H measuring coils, the B-H measuring coils need to be respectively calibrated by using the calibration device shown in fig. 7, and a corresponding relationship between the output voltage of the H (B) measuring coil and the magnetic field intensity (magnetic flux density) is established. In the calibration process, the H (B) measuring coil is fixed on an H measuring coil fixing handle 18 (a B measuring coil fixing handle 17), the H (B) measuring coil is fixed at the central position of the central axis of the solenoid of the excitation coil through the handle, and the excitation coil is wound on the surface of a framework of the 16 solenoid. Switching on a power supply at the primary side of a single-phase voltage regulator, adjusting the output voltage at the secondary side by rotating a knob of the voltage regulator so as to change the magnitude of the current passing through a winding of the calibration solenoid, and displaying and recording the current waveforms of each group of experiments by using a current clamp and an oscilloscope; h (B) measuring coil in the solenoid is connected with the input end of the amplifier, the output of the amplifier is transmitted to the computer through the data acquisition card, and the waveform of the induced voltage of the coil is displayed on the computer by using LABVIEW software. Repeatedly executing the steps, recording 50 groups of H (B) measuring coil induced voltage and corresponding current waveform passing through the solenoid, and calculating the effective values of the induced voltage and the corresponding current passing through the solenoid in a measuring time range by using the data; the effective value of the magnetic field intensity (magnetic flux density) in the corresponding solenoid is calculated from the effective value of the current.
Using a plurality of sets of magnetic field strengths H (magnetic flux density B) and effective values E of corresponding induced voltagesH(EB) Performing linear regression fitting EH-H(EB-B) straight line, resulting in a correspondence H ═ f (E) of the field strength measuring coil (flux density measuring coil)H)(H＝f(EB) Namely, completing the calibration of the magnetic field intensity (magnetic flux density) measuring coil.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. The above-described embodiments of the present invention are illustrative of the scheme and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any changes within the meaning and range equivalent to the protection range of the present invention should be considered to be included in the protection range of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A magnetic field strength Hmeasuring coil, characterized by: the H measuring coil is made of four layers of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), coil windows etched on the two layers of PCBs in the middle and the two layers of PCBs at the outer side are opposite to the side faces of the PCBs, wires arranged on the top layer and the bottom layer form measuring coils with a certain number of turns, and the wires on the two layers in the middle form the measuring coils with the same number of turns; wiring is conducted on each layer of circuit board, the two middle layers are connected through the through holes to form a closed loop, an inner layer H measuring coil is formed, and a starting end lead of each turn of closed coil and a vertical lead form a wiring mode with a certain included angle and are connected to the adjacent closed coil in series; the outer two layers form an outer layer H measuring coil with equal turns by the same method, and the inner layer H measuring coil and the outer layer H measuring coil are connected in series through a through hole to form an integral magnetic field intensity H measuring coil; and the projection of the sensing coil leads in each layer is overlapped, so that the measurement error caused by the normal component of the magnetic field intensity is eliminated.
2. A measurement structure based on B-H measurement coil and cubic silicon steel sample spare that awaits measuring which characterized in that:
the device consists of a cubic silicon steel sample to be measured, a magnetic field intensity H measuring coil and a magnetic flux density B measuring coil in claim 1;
the magnetic flux density B measuring coil is made of four layers of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), and each layer is spirally wired to form a plurality of turns of closed series coils; meanwhile, the four layers of circuit boards are subjected to the same wiring, so that the closed surface of a closed coil etched on each layer of the printed circuit board is opposite to the front surface of the printed circuit board PCB; the starting end of the closed B measuring coil on each layer is connected with the tail end of the closed B measuring coil on the previous layer through a via hole, the four layers of the closed B measuring coils are sequentially connected in series in this way to form an integral magnetic flux density B measuring coil, and the starting end of the closed B measuring coil on the top layer and the tail end of the closed B measuring coil on the bottom layer are connected with an external circuit through the via hole;
4H measuring coils are tightly attached to the front side, the rear side, the left side and the right side of the cubic sample, and the H measuring coils on the front side and the rear side are connected in series and used for measuring the magnetic field intensity in the X direction in the cubic silicon steel sample piece to be measured; the H measuring coils on the left side surface and the right side surface are connected in series and used for measuring the magnetic field intensity in the Y direction in the cubic silicon steel sample piece to be measured; the 4B measuring coils are attached to the outer surface of the H measuring coil, are the same as the H measuring coil, are connected in series, and are used for measuring the components of the magnetic flux density in the cubic silicon steel sample piece to be measured along the X direction and the Y direction respectively.
3. A calibration method for a magnetic field strength H measurement coil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing a magnetic field intensity H measuring coil on an H measuring coil fixing handle, and assembling the fixing handle and the solenoid framework;
step two: switching on a power supply at the primary side of a single-phase voltage regulator, adjusting the output voltage at the secondary side by rotating a knob of the voltage regulator so as to change the magnitude of the current passing through a winding of the calibration solenoid, and displaying and recording the current waveforms of each group of experiments by using a current clamp and an oscilloscope;
step three: two ends of a measuring coil in the solenoid are connected with the input end of an amplifier, the output of the amplifier is transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition card, and the waveform of the induced voltage of the coil is displayed on the computer by using LABVIEW software;
step four: repeatedly executing the first step to the third step, recording 50 groups of induction voltages and corresponding current waveforms passing through the solenoid, and calculating effective values of the induction voltages and the corresponding currents passing through the solenoid within a measurement time range by using the data;
step five: calculating the effective value of the magnetic field intensity in the corresponding solenoid according to the effective value of the current; using multiple sets of magnetic field strengths H and effective values E of corresponding induced voltagesHPerforming linear regression fitting EHH straight line, resulting correspondence of field strength measurement coils H ═ f (E)H) And then the calibration of the magnetic field intensity H measuring coil is completed.
CN201710470672.2A 2017-06-20 2017-06-20 Improved B-H measuring coil and method for measuring two-dimensional magnetic characteristics of cubic sample based on improved B-H measuring coil Active CN107271932B (en)

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