CN107271079B - A kind of oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method based on tank wall temperature - Google Patents
A kind of oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method based on tank wall temperature Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method based on tank wall temperature, implementation steps include: the environment temperature θ inputted under target oil-immersed transformer current load factor K, load factor KaAnd tank wall temperature θtank, and determine the oil type that insulate used by target oil-immersed transformer；The value of insulating oil parameter m is determined according to used insulation oil type；The hot(test)-spot temperature solution equation for simplifying tank wall-hot spot hot loop model is solved, the hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value θ under load factor K is obtainedhs；The present invention directly realizes that oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature based on tank wall temperature simplifies by the thermal circuit model that tank wall temperature seeks hot(test)-spot temperature and calculates by establishing, and can reduce hot(test)-spot temperature difficulty in computation while guaranteeing accuracy in computation, the iterative solution that avoids differential equation group, reduction accumulated error.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the temperature detection technologies of oil-immersed transformer operational process, and in particular to one kind is based on tank wall temperature
Oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method.
Background technique
Hot spot temperature of winding is the maximum temperature being likely to be breached in oil-immersed transformer operational process, and size directly determines
The capability of overload and service life of transformer, therefore Accurate Prediction hot spot temperature of winding value is oil-immersed transformer status monitoring
Important topic.But inside transformer thermal process is complicated, and how it is difficult to predict accurately count for the size of hot(test)-spot temperature and generation position
Calculating hot(test)-spot temperature is still the hot spot studied both at home and abroad.Hot(test)-spot temperature calculation method mainly includes IEEE directive/guide method, finite element at present
Software calculating method, thermoelectricity analogy method etc..Wherein directive/guide method is most widely used, calculates simplicity, but the method assumes inside transformer temperature
It rises linearly, and physical presence deviation；FInite Element precision is high, but calculates complexity, spends the time long, and boundary condition determines tired
Difficulty, the minor change of condition will lead to the substantially change of result, poor universality；Thermoelectricity analogy method establishes thermal circuit model and solves hot spot
Temperature, accuracy are high, explicit physical meaning, can be more accurately non-linear inside analogue transformer, are that hot(test)-spot temperature solves
Important research direction.More mature thermal circuit model, which is both needed to establish differential equation group, at present is solved, each differential equation
Group is differed comprising 2~3 differential equations, and iterative process is complicated, is also easy to produce accumulated error, therefore how to guarantee hot(test)-spot temperature meter
Its difficulty in computation is reduced while calculating exactness accurately still to need further to be explored, and is had become a key technology urgently to be resolved and is asked
Topic.
Existing scholar establishes the thermal circuit model based on tank wall temperature at present, seeks since the model first passes through tank wall temperature
Top-oil temperature, then hot(test)-spot temperature is sought by top-oil temperature, therefore can be referred to as tank wall-top oil-hot spot model, the model is as shown in Figure 1.
In Fig. 1, each parameter meaning is as follows: q1And q2Respectively push up the heat source in oil-hot spot model and tank wall-top oil model, θhsFor heat
Point temperature, θoilFor top-oil temperature, θtankFor tank wall temperature, Rhs-oilAnd Roil-tankRespectively top oil-hot spot non-linear thermal resistance and
Tank wall-top oil non-linear thermal resistance, ChsAnd CoilRespectively winding thermal capacitance and oily thermal capacitance.As shown in Figure 1, tank wall-top oil-hot spot mould
Type includes two thermal circuit models, can list equation group shown in formula (1) according to model:
In formula (1), τoilFor oily time constant, τwFor winding time constant, both for the product of thermal resistance and thermal capacitance；K is
Load factor；β is the ratio of transformer short-circuit loss and no-load loss；△θoil·RFor top-oil temperature under rated condition and tank wall temperature
Spend gradient；△θhs·RFor hot(test)-spot temperature under nominal case and top-oil temperature gradient；N is empirical, with the type of cooling and oil stream
Endless form is related, usually takes 0.25 for the oil-immersed transformer of the ONAN type of cooling；Remaining parameter meaning is detailed in Fig. 1.It asks
Solving equations (1) need to carry out the solution of the differential equation twice altogether, and the top-oil temperature value that first solution of equation obtains will be as solution
Condition substitutes into second equation, and calculating process is complicated, is also easy to produce accumulated error.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention: in view of the above problems in the prior art, provide it is a kind of by establish directly by
The thermal circuit model that tank wall temperature seeks hot(test)-spot temperature realizes that the oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature based on tank wall temperature simplifies calculating,
Iterative solution, the reduction that hot(test)-spot temperature difficulty in computation can be reduced while guaranteeing accuracy in computation, avoid differential equation group
The oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method based on tank wall temperature of accumulated error.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method based on tank wall temperature, implementation steps include:
1) the environment temperature θ under input target oil-immersed transformer current load factor K, load factor KaAnd tank wall temperature
θtank, and determine the oil type that insulate used by target oil-immersed transformer；
2) value of insulating oil parameter m is determined according to used insulation oil type；
3) the hot(test)-spot temperature solution equation for simplifying tank wall-hot spot hot loop model shown in formula (2) is solved, load factor K is obtained
Under hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value θhs；
In formula (2), K indicates the current load factor of target oil-immersed transformer, β indication transformer short circuit loss and unloaded damage
The ratio of consumption, △ θhs-tank·RFor the hot(test)-spot temperature and tank wall temperature gradient of transformer winding under rated condition, m indicates insulating oil
Parameter, θ, θRIt is parameter among temperature, v indicates the viscosity index (VI) of insulating oil, τwThe time constant of indication transformer winding, △
θhs-tankThe hot spot of indication transformer winding and the temperature difference of tank wall, t indicate the time；θhsThe hot(test)-spot temperature of indication transformer winding is pre-
Measured value, θaIndicate environment temperature；θhs.RIndicate the hot(test)-spot temperature value of transformer winding under rated condition, θa.RIt indicates under rated condition
Environment temperature.
Preferably, when determining the value of insulating oil parameter m according to used insulation oil type in step 2), if used
Insulation oil type be vegetable oil, then the value of insulating oil parameter m be 4030.5；If used insulation oil type is mineral
Oil, then the value of insulating oil parameter m is 2797.3.
The present invention is based on the oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation methods of tank wall temperature to have an advantage that
1, of the invention oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method input target oil-immersed transformer is current
Environment temperature θ under load factor K, load factor KaAnd tank wall temperature θtank, and determine insulation used by target oil-immersed transformer
Oil type determines the value of insulating oil parameter m according to used insulation oil type, solves and be based on tank wall temperature θtankSimplification case
Wall-hot spot hot loop model obtains the hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value θ under load factor Khs, directly sought by tank wall temperature by establishing
The thermal circuit model of hot(test)-spot temperature is realized that the oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature based on tank wall temperature simplifies and is calculated, and can guarantee to count
Reduction hot(test)-spot temperature difficulty in computation, the iterative solution for avoiding differential equation group, reduction accumulated error while calculating exactness accurately.
2, oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method of the invention is determined according to used insulation oil type
The value of insulating oil parameter m can be suitable for the oil-immersed transformer using vegetable insulating oil and mineral insulating oil.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is tank wall-top oil-hot spot model schematic diagram of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the basic procedure schematic diagram of present invention method.
Fig. 3 is the Temperature Distribution schematic diagram of inside transformer in the horizontal direction in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is simplification tank wall-hot spot hot loop model in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that the hot(test)-spot temperature situation of change in the embodiment of the present invention compares (K=0.8) schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that the hot(test)-spot temperature situation of change in the embodiment of the present invention compares (K=1.1) schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is that the hot(test)-spot temperature situation of change in the embodiment of the present invention compares (varying load) schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Fig. 2, the implementation steps of the oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method of the present embodiment include:
1) the environment temperature θ under input target oil-immersed transformer current load factor K, load factor KaAnd tank wall temperature
θtank, and determine the oil type that insulate used by target oil-immersed transformer；
2) value of insulating oil parameter m is determined according to used insulation oil type；
3) the hot(test)-spot temperature solution equation for simplifying tank wall-hot spot hot loop model shown in formula (2) is solved, load factor K is obtained
Under hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value θhs；
In formula (2), K indicates the current load factor of target oil-immersed transformer, β indication transformer short circuit loss and unloaded damage
The ratio of consumption, △ θhs-tank·RFor the hot(test)-spot temperature and tank wall temperature gradient of transformer winding under rated condition, m indicates insulating oil
Parameter, θ, θRIt is parameter among temperature, v indicates the viscosity index (VI) of insulating oil, τwThe time constant of indication transformer winding, △
θhs-tankThe hot spot of indication transformer winding and the temperature difference of tank wall, t indicate the time；θhsThe hot(test)-spot temperature of indication transformer winding is pre-
Measured value, θaIndicate environment temperature；θhs.RIndicate the hot(test)-spot temperature value of transformer winding under rated condition, θa.RIt indicates under rated condition
Environment temperature.
In the present embodiment, when determining the value of insulating oil parameter m according to used insulation oil type in step 2), if institute
The insulation oil type used is vegetable oil, then the value of insulating oil parameter m is 4030.5；If used insulation oil type is mine
Object oil, then the value of insulating oil parameter m is 2797.3.
The derivation process for simplifying the hot(test)-spot temperature solution equation of tank wall-hot spot hot loop model in the present embodiment is as follows:
Coiling hot point of transformer region is defined first to the non-linear thermal resistance R of tank wallhs-tank, to characterize transformer winding heat
Point region arrive tank wall diabatic process, then establish accordingly directly by tank wall temperature solution hot(test)-spot temperature thermal circuit model.Oil immersed type
Inside transformer heat transfer process are as follows: winding and iron core fever transmit heat to insulating oil, insulation by conduction and convection type
Oil transfers heat to tank wall again, is finally lost in air.Fig. 3 show the temperature of inside transformer in the horizontal direction point
Cloth.Referring to Fig. 3, the Temperature Distribution of inside transformer horizontal direction is divided by region, each point meaning is as follows in figure: A1For
Hot spot temperature of winding, A2For winding surface temperature, A3For close to the transformer oil temperature of winding area, A4For close to tank wall region
Transformer oil temperature, A5For oil tank wall internal surface temperature, A6For oil tank wall hull-skin temperature, A7For environment temperature.A1~A2Generation
To the heat transfer on surface inside table winding and iron core；A2~A3Represent the thermal convection between winding and iron core and insulating oil, the temperature difference
About winding to environment temperature rise 20%~30%；A4~A5Represent the thermal convection between transformer oil and inner wall of oil tank；A5~A6
Represent the heat transfer between inner wall of oil tank and fuel tank outer wall；A6~A7Represent the thermal convection between fuel tank outer wall and environment and hot spoke
Penetrate, this part temperature difference is maximum, up to coiling hotspot to environment temperature rise 60%~70%.In conclusion A1~A6Indicate hot spot extremely
The temperature difference of tank wall, A1~A7Indicate that the temperature difference of hot spot to environment, the temperature difference of hot spot to tank wall account for about hot spot to circumstance of temperature difference
35%.
Based on above-mentioned analysis, the diabatic process of coiling hotspot to environment temperature can be described by formula (3):
In formula (3), △ θhs-aIndicate that hot spot and circumstance of temperature difference, μ indicate that insulation oil viscosity, v indicate that the viscosity of insulating oil refers to
Number, qFe+CuIndication transformer total losses, parameter C " are determined that A indicates heat transfer surface area, parameter C''s by parameter C' and parameter A
Shown in function expression such as formula (4)；
In formula (4), C is constant, and k is insulating oil thermal conductivity, and L is the characteristic dimension in oily heat loss through convection face, coFor insulating oil
Specific heat capacity, ρ are insulation oil density, and g is the acceleration of gravity in transformer location, and β ' is insulating oil thermal expansion coefficient.Due to exhausted
The parameters such as specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, the thermal expansion coefficient of edge oil relative to viscosity parameter change it is very slow, can approximation regard as often
Number, therefore parameter C' and C " can also regard constant as.
From the above analysis, the diabatic process of coiling hotspot to tank wall can be described as shown in formula (5)；
△θhs-tank=35% × △ θhs-a=0.35C " μv·qFe+Cu (5)
In formula (5), △ θhs-tankFor the temperature difference of hot spot and tank wall, △ θhs-aIndicate the temperature difference of hot spot and environment, parameter C " is
Constant, μ indicate that insulation oil viscosity, v indicate the viscosity index (VI) of insulating oil, qFe+CuIndication transformer total losses.On the basis of formula (5)
On, coiling hot point of transformer region can be derived to the non-linear thermal resistance R of tank wallhs-tankIt can describe as shown in formula (6)；
In formula (6), Rhs-tankNon-linear thermal resistance of the indication transformer coiling hotspot region to tank wall, △ θhs-tankFor hot spot
With the temperature difference of tank wall, qFe+CuIndication transformer total losses, parameter C " are constant, and μ indicates that insulation oil viscosity, v indicate insulating oil
Viscosity index (VI).
Non-linear thermal resistance R of the coiling hot point of transformer region shown in formula (5) to tank wallhs-tankFunction expression in, absolutely
Joint effect of the edge oil viscosity μ by insulating liquid type and temperature.For vegetable oil shown in insulating oil viscosity, mu such as formula (7),
For mineral oil shown in insulating oil viscosity, mu such as formula (8).
In formula (7) and formula (8), μ indicate insulation oil viscosity, θ indicate calculate oil viscosity when temperature, calculate oil viscosity when
Shown in the function expression of temperature θ such as formula (9)；
In formula (9), θ indicates temperature when calculating oil viscosity, θhsThe hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value of indication transformer winding, θaTable
Show environment temperature.
Simplification thermal circuit model based on tank wall temperature directly seeks hot(test)-spot temperature by tank wall temperature, referred to as simplifies tank wall-heat
Point hot loop model, as shown in Figure 4.The simplification tank wall-hot spot hot loop model includes three branches parallel with one another, and first
Branch road is in series with total losses of transformer qFe+Cu(i.e. heat source), Article 2 branch road are in series with winding thermal capacitance Chs, Article 3 branch
On be in series with coiling hot point of transformer region to the non-linear thermal resistance R of tank wallhs-tankWith tank wall temperature θtank, wherein three branches
Anode point in parallel value be transformer winding hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value θhs.Simplify tank wall-hot spot hot loop model shown in Fig. 4
Hot loop equation such as formula (10) shown in；
In formula (10), qFe+CuIndication transformer total losses, ChsIndicate winding thermal capacitance, θhsIndicate hot(test)-spot temperature, θtankIt indicates
Tank wall temperature, Rhs-tankIt is coiling hot point of transformer region to the non-linear thermal resistance of tank wall.Referring to simplification tank wall-heat of formula (10)
The hot loop equation of point hot loop model simplifies tank wall-hot spot hot loop model demand one differential equation of solution it is found that solving,
Difficulty in computation is reduced, the generation of accumulated error is avoided.
Non-linear thermal resistance R of the coiling hot point of transformer region as shown in formula (6) to tank wallhs-tankFormula (11) can be obtained；
In formula (11), Rhs-tankNon-linear thermal resistance of the indication transformer coiling hotspot region to tank wall, Rhs-tank·RExpression volume
Tank wall-hot spot non-linear thermal resistance under fixed condition, μ indicate that insulation oil viscosity, v indicate the viscosity index (VI) of insulating oil, μRFor specified item
Insulate oil viscosity under part.Formula (11) is simplified, the hot(test)-spot temperature solution side for simplifying tank wall-hot spot hot loop model can be obtained
Shown in journey such as formula (12)；
In formula (12), K indicates the current load factor of target oil-immersed transformer, β indication transformer short circuit loss and zero load
The ratio of loss, △ θhs-tank·RFor the hot(test)-spot temperature and tank wall temperature gradient of transformer winding under rated condition, μ indicates insulation
Oil viscosity, v indicate the viscosity index (VI) of insulating oil, μRFor the oil viscosity that insulate under rated condition, τwThe time of indication transformer winding is normal
Number, θhsThe hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value of indication transformer winding, △ θhs-tankThe hot spot of indication transformer winding and the temperature difference of tank wall,
T indicates the time.In conjunction with the computation formula [formula (7)~formula (8)] of different insulative oil viscosity μ, settable insulating oil parameter list is with true
Determine insulating oil parameter m: if used insulation oil type is vegetable oil, the value of insulating oil parameter m is 4030.5；If institute
The insulation oil type used is mineral oil, then the value of insulating oil parameter m is 2797.3.Meanwhile tank wall-will be simplified shown in formula (12)
The hot(test)-spot temperature of hot spot hot loop model solves equation and formula (7)~formula (8) combines, and can be derived by shown in formula (2) and simplify
Tank wall-hot spot hot loop model hot(test)-spot temperature solves equation.In formula (2): β, △ θhs-tank·R、θhs·R、θa·R、τwIt is known
Value.Input real time load rate K, real time environment temperature θaAnd real-time tank wall temperature θtank, by simplifying tank wall-hot spot shown in formula (2)
The hot(test)-spot temperature of hot loop model solves equation, can seek the hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value θ under the load factorhs。
In the present embodiment, the hot(test)-spot temperature solution equation for simplifying tank wall-hot spot hot loop model shown in formula (2) is solved, is obtained
Hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value θ under to load factor KhsIt is that initial value and formula (2) institute are inputted based on MATLAB software desk Implementation
Show that simplified tank wall-hot spot hot loop model hot(test)-spot temperature solves direct solution after equation.
In order to which the oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method to the present embodiment is further verified, hereafter divide
Not under 3 kinds of underload, overload, varying load load regulations, the simplification tank wall-hot spot heat proposed for the present embodiment method is returned
Tank wall-top oil-hot spot model, the GB1094.7-2008 of the prior art shown in road model (abbreviation tank wall-hot spot model), Fig. 1 are led
Then model (abbreviation directive/guide model) is emulated.
(1) underload situation.
When transformer is run at rated loads reaches stable state, by the current load factor of target oil-immersed transformer
K is down to 0.8, and it is as shown in Figure 5 to obtain hot(test)-spot temperature situation of change in different models.As shown in figure 5, changing in load factor initial
In the stage, rate of temperature fall is very fast, and about 50% cooling extent occurs in preceding 50min, and cooling tends towards stability thereafter.The meter of 3 kinds of models
It calculates result to be closer to, differ within 2 DEG C.Simplification tank wall-hot spot hot loop model (referred to as " case that the present embodiment method proposes
Wall-hot spot model ") it is substantially the same with tank wall-top oil-hot spot model error distribution of the prior art shown in Fig. 1, accuracy
Quite.
(2) overload situation
When transformer is run at rated loads reaches stable state, by the current load factor of target oil-immersed transformer
K rises to 1.1, and it is as shown in Figure 6 to obtain hot(test)-spot temperature situation of change in different models.It can be obtained by Fig. 6: the initial rank that load factor changes
Section, hot(test)-spot temperature climbing speed is very fast, and about 50% increasing extent of temperature occurs in preceding 50min, and temperature rise tends towards stability thereafter.This implementation
Case of the simplification tank wall-hot spot hot loop model (referred to as " tank wall-hot spot model ") that example method proposes with the prior art shown in Fig. 1
Wall-top oil-hot spot model calculated result is substantially close, and the two is 2 DEG C about low compared with directive/guide the model calculation, error distribution
It is substantially the same, accuracy is suitable.
(3) varying load situation
To ensure that hot(test)-spot temperature can reach stable state under different loads rate, emulation of each stage duration is set as 360min
(6h), application varying load situation is as shown in table 1, and hot(test)-spot temperature situation of change is as shown in Figure 7.
Table 1: the varying load stage applies loading condition table.
| Time/h | Load factor K |
| 0~6 | 1.3 |
| 6~12 | 0.8 |
| 12~18 | 1.1 |
| 18~24 | 1.0 |
As shown in fig. 7, when load factor frequently changes, simplification tank wall-hot spot hot loop mould of the present embodiment method proposition
Type (referred to as " tank wall-hot spot model ") and tank wall-top oil-hot spot model hot(test)-spot temperature variation of the prior art shown in Fig. 1 are bent
Line is smoother, and dynamic response performance is better than directive/guide model；And two kinds of thermal circuit model calculated results are close, differ within 2 DEG C, accidentally
Poor distribution is almost the same, and accuracy is suitable with dynamic response performance.
In conclusion according to simulating, verifying it is found that simplification tank wall-hot spot hot loop model that the present embodiment method proposes
Tank wall-top oil-hot spot model of the prior art shown in (referred to as " tank wall-hot spot model ") and Fig. 1 is in underload, overload and change
With tank wall-top oil-hot spot model error calculated less than 2% under loading condition, dynamic response performance is suitable.The present embodiment
The simplification tank wall of proposition-hot spot hot loop model without solving differential equation group, calculate it is simple, and with tank wall-top oil-hot spot mould
Type accuracy is suitable, and dynamic response performance is good.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-mentioned implementation
Example, all technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
Those of ordinary skill for, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method based on tank wall temperature, it is characterised in that implementation steps packet
It includes:
1) the environment temperature θ under input target oil-immersed transformer current load factor K, load factor KaAnd tank wall temperature θtank, and
Determine the oil type that insulate used by target oil-immersed transformer；
2) value of insulating oil parameter m is determined according to used insulation oil type；
3) the hot(test)-spot temperature solution equation for simplifying tank wall-hot spot hot loop model shown in formula (2) is solved, is obtained under load factor K
Hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value θhs；
In formula (2), K indicates the current load factor of target oil-immersed transformer, β indication transformer short circuit loss and no-load loss
Ratio, △ θhs-tankRFor the hot(test)-spot temperature and tank wall temperature gradient of transformer winding under rated condition, m indicates insulating oil parameter,
θ,θRIt is parameter among temperature, v indicates the viscosity index (VI) of insulating oil, τwThe time constant of indication transformer winding, △ θhs-tank
The hot spot of indication transformer winding and the temperature difference of tank wall, t indicate the time；θhsThe hot(test)-spot temperature predicted value of indication transformer winding,
θaIndicate environment temperature；θhs.RIndicate the hot(test)-spot temperature value of transformer winding under rated condition, θa.RIndicate the ring under rated condition
Border temperature.
2. the oil-immersed transformer hot(test)-spot temperature simplified calculation method according to claim 1 based on tank wall temperature, special
Sign is, when determining the value of insulating oil parameter m according to used insulation oil type in step 2), if used insulating oil
Type is vegetable oil, then the value of insulating oil parameter m is 4030.5；If used insulation oil type is mineral oil, insulate
The value of oily parameter m is 2797.3.
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| CN104236754A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-12-24 | 国家电网公司 | Oil-immersed transformer winding hot-spot temperature monitoring method based on tank wall temperature |
| CN105160202B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2019-03-22 | 国家电网公司 | The method for determining oil-immersed transformer hot spot temperature of winding and top-oil temperature |
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