CN107254800B - 一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸及其制备方法,属于特种纸领域及材料领域。本发明制备聚醚醚酮纤维纸的方法包括以下步骤:①将聚醚醚酮短切纤维活化、分散于水中,得到浆料;②在步骤①得到的浆料中,加入制浆造纸助剂(分散剂、增强剂、助留助滤剂),之后进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理得到聚醚醚酮纤维纸样;③将步骤②得到的纸样进行浸渍、热压再干燥处理,得到聚醚醚酮纤维纸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚醚醚酮(Polyether ether ketone,PEEK)纤维纸及其制备方法,属于特种纸领域及材料领域。
背景技术
聚醚醚酮是聚芳醚酮类聚合物中性能最为优异的一个品种,是继氟塑料之后的又一性能出色的热塑性树脂。它具有优异的机械性能、耐磨,耐高温、阻燃、耐辐照,耐腐蚀,电绝缘性高,产品尺寸稳定等优良性能。①优良的耐热性能。聚醚醚酮熔点为343℃,其耐热老化性能远高于PPS、PA66、PBT。②优异的机械性能。PEEK具有高强度和模量,抗冲击和韧性好,是韧性和刚性兼备平衡的材料。③出色的耐磨性能。其具有优良的耐摩擦性与自润滑性,250℃时,仍保持低摩擦系数和磨损率。④良好的尺寸稳定性。聚醚醚酮树脂的刚性较大,线膨胀系数小,尺寸稳定性优良。⑤优良的阻燃性。聚醚醚酮具有自熄性。其阻燃性达到UL94V-0级,极限厌氧指数(LOI)为35,燃烧时发烟量很小。⑥优异的耐溶剂性能。聚醚醚酮除了浓硫酸外,几乎不溶于其他任何酸碱或有机溶剂,耐腐蚀性与镍钢相近。⑦出众的绝缘性能。其可在高温下保持稳定介电常数3.2-3.3。⑧极佳的耐辐照性,其耐辐照能力超过通用耐辐照材料聚苯乙烯。这些性能使其很快在航天、航空、核能、信息、通讯、电子电器、石油化工、机械制造、汽车等领域的高技术中得到了成功的应用。
聚醚醚酮纤维是一种主链含亚苯基醚醚酮链节的热塑性纤维,具有高度结晶性。PEEK结构单元是:PEEK纤维是一种全芳香族的纤维,由于醚键和酮键的存在,从而使纤维具有优异的性能。具有良好的物理性能、化学稳定性能、耐热性能以及电绝缘性能。PEEK纤维有难燃性和自熄性,且可回收再利用,原料回收率可达90%。①物理性质:PEEK纤维在200℃下24小时的强度仍能保持100%,在300℃还能保持一定强度。其纤维的柔韧与弹性较为均衡,抗冲击恢复性比钢丝好,且其良好的综合耐磨性能优于PPS、PET、PP。②化学稳定性:PEEK纤维耐溶剂性非常优良,除浓硫酸外其它化学试剂很难对其造成腐蚀还具有优良的抗水解性,在高温水或高温蒸汽中仍能保持其优良的性能。③热稳定性:PEEK纤维热稳定性优异。在250℃条件下仍保持优良的各项性能,在300℃时还能够维持部分特性,其熔点为334℃。其LOI为35,燃烧时释放烟气少,释放的烟气毒性在高性能纤维中最低。由于PEEK纤维的各项性能非常优异,因而它在工业、航空航天、医学、环保等方面具有广泛的用途,开拓了高聚物材料的应用范围,尤其是能够满足恶劣极端环境使用要求,为解决某些工程问题提供了新的方法。
公开号为CN105504670A的专利描述了一种聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备方法,其使用聚醚醚酮树脂为基体,聚酰亚胺纤维为增强纤维,通过熔融挤出的方式制备得到聚醚醚酮复合材料,但该方法中聚酰亚胺纤维分散不均匀,纤维易受成型工艺的影响,材料的力学性能不高,且生产成本过高。公开号为CN104191753A的专利描述了一种连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮基体纤维金属层板的制备方法,该方法采用模压成型工艺制备出连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮树脂的基复合材料,但该方法碳纤维含量过大会使复合材料内部产生大量空隙,且制造成本较高,规模化应用受限。
可见,聚醚醚酮作为一种性能优良的材料,其开发利用程度还很有限,需要进一步在兼顾其性能的基础上,简化制备工艺,或者开发新的应用方向,为后续产业化提供可能性。
发明内容
本发明首先提供了一种制备聚醚醚酮纤维纸的方法,是采用聚醚醚酮纤维为主要原料,通过湿法造纸成形技术抄取得到聚醚醚酮纸;所述方法是先将聚醚醚酮短切纤维分散于水中,得到浆料,再向浆料中,加入制浆造纸助剂,包括分散剂、增强剂、助留助滤剂,之后进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理得到聚醚醚酮纤维纸样;将纸样进行浸渍、热压再干燥处理,得到聚醚醚酮纤维纸。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,采用如下步骤:
(1)对聚醚醚酮纤维用活化剂进行活化处理,之后,烘干备用;利用槽式打浆机对活化处理后的聚醚醚酮纤维进行疏解10min~60min,使聚醚醚酮纤维分散为单根纤维,得到浆料;
(2)将步骤(1)中的混合浆料中依次加入分散剂、增强剂、助留助滤剂,每加入一种助剂后,搅拌20s~120s;
(3)利用湿法成型技术将步骤(2)所得到的浆料进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理,得到原纸;
(4)用二苯砜或环丁砜将聚醚醚酮树脂稀释至质量浓度为2%~15%的溶液,将步骤(3)得到的原纸在聚醚醚酮树脂溶液中浸渍、烘干,然后进行热压、干燥即可得到聚醚醚酮纸。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述步骤(1)的聚醚醚酮纤维的纤维长度为1mm~10mm,纤维直径2μm~20μm,活化剂为HCl、H3PO4、HNO3、H2SO4;NaOH、KOH、Ba(OH)2、Ca(OH)2;H2O2、KMNO4、KCIO3、K2Cr2O7等其中的一种或几种;打浆度为10°SR~60°SR;聚醚醚酮纤维重量占浆料的0.05%~0.2%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述步骤(1)中,以活化剂对聚醚醚酮纤维的处理条件为70~80℃、1.5~2h,例如80℃、2h。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述步骤(2)的分散剂、增强剂、助留助滤剂的添加量均为纤维浆料质量的0.05%~10%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述步骤(2)分散剂采用聚氧化乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、吐温-80中的一种或几种,增强剂为丁苯胶乳、改性淀粉、树脂胶中的一种或几种,助留助滤剂为阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、壳聚糖、瓜尔胶中的一种或几种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述步骤(4)的浸渍时间为0.5min~5min。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述步骤(4)的烘干条件为40℃~80℃、时间为1~6h。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述步骤(4)的热压条件为:120~300℃,3~15MPa,5~60min。
本发明的第二个目的是提供按照上述制备方法得到的聚醚醚酮纸。
本发明的第三个目的是提供按照上述制备方法得到的聚醚醚酮纸的应用,聚醚醚酮纸具有良好的耐热性、优良的电气特性、耐击穿强度、抗辐射能力、耐磨性、抗老化性、绝缘性和机械强度,在制作高性能绝缘材料、高耐磨材料等方面有潜在的应用价值,可以应用于工业、航空和医疗等领域,具体可包括高温过滤材料、高温防护、摩擦材料、电气绝缘和蜂窝结构等领域。
近年来发展迅速的非织造布产业,为高性能纤维的应用提供了可能。与传统机织或针织生产方式相比,非织造技术具备工艺流程短、装备智能化、劳动生产率高,生产速度高、产量高,产品可应用领域广的优点。非织造的成网技术可分为干法成网、湿法成网和聚合物挤压成网。相比于干法成网和聚合物挤压成网,湿法成网是由水槽悬浮的纤维沉集而制成的纤维网,它起源于传统的湿法造纸成形技术。在造纸行业,“湿法非织造布”称为“功能纸”、“特种纸”或“长纤维纸”,所以湿法成网又称为造纸法,湿法造纸成网匀度好,纤维结构合理,水流状态下形成纤网,纤维在纤网中成三维分布,纤维的杂乱效果好。纤网各向同性显著,而且成网均匀度均优于干法和纺丝成网法,纤维的均匀分布有利于改善材料内部各成分的相互作用,所以湿法成型技术是制备纤维复合材料的绿色方法。
本发明采用湿法造纸技术将PEEK纤维在水中疏解进行湿法抄纸,然后经干燥、浸渍、热压,使纤维黏结在一起,提高了纤维结合力和紧度,改善纸张的力学强度。此外,由于PEEK纤维,亲水性差,且在水中不易分散抄纸,所以需要加入一系列造纸助剂。在使用化学纤维湿法造纸中,一般会使用分散剂来分散纤维,添加实验所选用的分散剂均不同程度地改善了聚醚醚酮纤维的分散性,主要是聚氧化乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、吐温-80中的一种或几种,增强剂为丁苯胶乳、改性淀粉、树脂胶中的一种或几种,助留助滤剂为阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、壳聚糖、瓜尔胶中的一种或几种,使得纤维得到较好的保留量。在结构上,除了纤维交织的那一层外,还能根据要求,再加工增加层数。本方法得到的聚醚醚酮纸具有良好的机械强度、耐磨性、耐高温、较好的绝缘性,且便于剪裁携带。并且纸基材料具有良好的可加工性、适用性更广、透气性较好,可与其他材料复合使用,使用方便。目前,国内尚无关于聚醚醚酮纸的制备的报道。
附图说明
图1:本发明的一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸的制备流程。
图2:PEEK单纤维在扫描电子显微镜扫描图,(a):×3.00K(b):×200。
图3:PEEK纸浸渍前在扫描电子显微镜扫描图,(a):×3.00K(b):×200。
图4:PEEK纸浸渍后在扫描电子显微镜扫描图,(a):×3.00K(b):×200。
图5:PEEK纸热压后在扫描电子显微镜扫描图,(a):×3.00K(b):×200。
图6:(a):酚醛树脂热压后纸张,(b):聚醚醚酮树脂热压后纸张。
具体实施方式
材料:PEEK短纤维:长度1-10mm,常州某化纤公司;聚氧化乙烯:日本助友精化;羧甲基纤维素:苏州某公司;吐温-80:江苏省海安石油化工厂;丁苯胶乳:苏州某公司;改性淀粉:苏州某公司;瓜尔胶:苏州某公司;改性淀粉:苏州某公司;阳离子聚丙烯酰胺:苏州某公司;二苯砜:深圳某公司;环丁砜:深圳某公司;聚醚醚酮树脂:长春某公司。
设备:槽式打浆机:PL4-23,咸阳泰思特实验设备有限公司;纤维解离器:ZQS,纸样抄取器:ZQJ1-B-Ⅱ,陕西科技大学机械厂;平板纸样干燥器:PL7-C,咸阳泰思特实验设备有限公司;热压机:CARVER 4128,美国CARVER公司;电脑测控抗张试验机:DC-KZ300C,四川长江造纸仪器有限公司;电脑测试纸张撕裂度仪:DCP-SLY1000,四川长江造纸仪器有限公司;电脑测控纸张耐破度仪:DCP-NPY1200,四川长江造纸仪器有限公司;耐压测定仪:2671,常州华高双凯仪器有限公司;介质损耗测定仪:2966,TETTEX。
实施例1
一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对长度为6mm聚醚醚酮纤维疏解处理,利用槽式打浆机对聚醚醚酮纤维进行疏解10min,使得聚醚醚酮纤维分散为单根纤维,烘干备用;
(2)疏解:将步骤(1)的单根纤维在纤维解离器中疏解,转数为10000r,疏解10min。得到混合浆料;在浆料中加入纤维浆料质量0.06%的聚氧化乙烯、纤维浆料质量8%的丁苯胶乳、纤维浆料质量0.6%的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,各搅拌30s;
(3)抄纸:打开贮浆室,放置成型网在支撑网上,然后扣紧贮浆室。按下开始开关,贮浆筒开始自动注水,当水升至约2L时,倒入已准备好的浆料,纸样抄取器自动继续上水、鼓泡,滤水、抽吸。完成后,打开贮浆室,进行揭纸。
(4)揭纸:于湿纸页上平放一张载纸板,用伏辊在纸业上往复滚动。然后,将湿纸页和载纸板连同成形网一起取下,将其边缘对准一个水平的垫板轻击,使载有湿纸页的载纸板移到垫板上。
(5)干燥:打开平板纸样干燥器盖,将湿纸页连同白布放在支撑网上,在湿纸页上平放另一张白布,然后盖好干燥器。打开干燥器开关,将纸页取出,去掉载纸板和盖纸,即得到原纸。
(6)后处理:用二苯砜将聚醚醚酮树脂稀释至质量百分浓度4%的聚醚醚酮树脂溶液,将步骤(5)得到的原纸在聚醚醚酮树脂溶液中做浸渍30s,在80℃下烘干30min烘干、然后进行在250℃、15MPa条件下,热压10min,自然冷却结束得到聚醚醚酮纸。
实施例2
一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对长度为6mm聚醚醚酮纤维疏解处理,利用槽式打浆机对聚醚醚酮纤维进行疏解30min,使得聚醚醚酮纤维分散为单根纤维,得到浆料;
(2)在步骤(1)中的混合浆料中加入纤维浆料质量0.1%的聚氧化乙烯、纤维浆料质量10%的丁苯胶乳、纤维浆料质量0.6%的瓜尔胶,各搅拌30s;
(3)参照实施例1步骤(3)~(5)利用湿法成型技术将步骤(2)所得到的浆料进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理,得到原纸;
(4)用环丁砜将聚醚醚酮树脂稀释至质量百分浓度4%的聚醚醚酮树脂溶液,将步骤(3)得到的原纸在聚醚醚酮树脂溶液中做浸渍30s,在80℃下烘干30min烘干、然后进行在160℃、5MPa条件下,热压10min,自然冷却结束得到聚醚醚酮纸。
实施例3
一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对长度为6mm的聚醚醚酮纤维以9%KMNO4、80℃处理2h,用蒸馏水洗涤纤维至中性,烘干备用;利用槽式打浆机对活化烘干后的聚醚醚酮纤维进行疏解60min,使得聚醚醚酮纤维分散为单根纤维,得到浆料;
(2)在步骤(1)中的混合浆料中加入纤维浆料质量0.5%的吐温-80、纤维浆料质量10%的丁苯胶乳、纤维浆料质量0.6%的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,各搅拌30s;
(3)参照实施例1步骤(3)~(5)利用湿法成型技术将步骤(2)所得到的浆料进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理,得到原纸;
(4)用二苯砜将聚醚醚酮树脂稀释至质量百分浓度4%的聚醚醚酮树脂溶液,将步骤(3)得到的原纸在聚醚醚酮树脂溶液中做浸渍30s,在80℃下烘干30min烘干、然后进行在160℃、5MPa条件下,热压10min,自然冷却结束得到聚醚醚酮纸。
实施例4
一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对长度为3mm的聚醚醚酮纤维以5%HCl、80℃处理2h,用蒸馏水洗涤纤维至中性,烘干备用;利用槽式打浆机对活化烘干的聚醚醚酮纤维进行疏解30min,使得聚醚醚酮纤维分散为单根纤维,得到浆料;
(2)在步骤(1)中的混合浆料中加入纤维浆料质量0.1%的聚氧化乙烯、纤维浆料质量10%的改性淀粉、纤维浆料质量0.6%的瓜尔胶,搅拌30s;
(3)参照实施例1步骤(3)~(5)利用湿法成型技术将步骤(2)所得到的浆料进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理,得到原纸;
(4)用二苯砜将聚醚醚酮树脂稀释至质量百分浓度4%的聚醚醚酮树脂溶液,将步骤(3)得到的原纸在聚醚醚酮树脂溶液中做浸渍30s,在80℃下烘干30min烘干、然后进行在160℃、5MPa条件下,热压10min,自然冷却结束得到聚醚醚酮纸。
实施例5
一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对长度为3mm的聚醚醚酮纤维以5%NaOH、80℃处理2h,用蒸馏水洗涤纤维至中性,烘干备用;利用槽式打浆机对活化烘干后聚醚醚酮纤维进行疏解30min,使得聚醚醚酮纤维分散为单根纤维,得到浆料;
(2)在步骤(1)中的混合浆料中加入纤维浆料质量0.1%的聚氧化乙烯、纤维浆料质量10%的改性淀粉、纤维浆料质量0.6%的瓜尔胶,搅拌30s;
(3)参照实施例1步骤(3)~(5)利用湿法成型技术将步骤(2)所得到的浆料进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理,得到原纸;
(4)用二苯砜将聚醚醚酮树脂稀释至质量百分浓度4%的聚醚醚酮树脂溶液,将步骤(3)得到的原纸在聚醚醚酮树脂溶液中做浸渍30s,在80℃下烘干30min烘干、然后进行在160℃、5MPa条件下,热压10min,自然冷却结束得到聚醚醚酮纸。
实施例6
一种聚醚醚酮纤维纸及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将长度为6mm的聚醚醚酮纤维经12%HCl、80℃条件下处理2h,用蒸馏水洗涤纤维至中性,烘干备用;利用槽式打浆机对活化烘干后的聚醚醚酮纤维进行疏解30min,使得聚醚醚酮纤维分散为单根纤维,得到浆料;
(2)在步骤(1)中的混合浆料中加入纤维浆料质量0.1%的聚氧化乙烯、纤维浆料质量10%的改性淀粉、纤维浆料质量0.6%的瓜尔胶,搅拌30s;
(3)利用湿法成型技术将步骤(2)所得到的浆料进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理,得到原纸;
(4)用乙醇将酚醛树脂稀释至质量百分浓度4%的酚醛树脂溶液,将步骤(3)得到的原纸在酚醛树脂溶液中做浸渍30s,在80℃下烘干30min烘干、然后进行在160℃、5MPa条件下,热压10min,自然冷却结束得到聚醚醚酮纸。
如图6a所示,热压实验结束发现用酚醛树脂热压后的纸张最后压散,且锡纸周围有树脂附着;如图6b所示,用聚醚醚酮树脂热压后颜色变深,尺寸变小。
按照实施例1-4的方法,制备得到的聚醚醚酮纤维纸的性能如下表所示。
注:电气击穿强度的测定方法是按照国家标准GB/T1408.1-2006测定。
介质损耗的测定方法是按照国家标准GB/T1409-2006测定。
抗张指数指标的测定方法是按照国家标准GB/T12914-2008测定。
耐破度指数指标的测定方法是按照国家标准GB/T454-2002测定。
撕裂指数指标的测定方法是按照国家标准GB/T455-2002测定。
对不同阶段产物进行了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,结果如图2至5所示;如图2,单纤维表面光滑,纤维相互之间没有相互作用力,无法互相缠结,纤维相互之间作用力较小;如图3,加入助剂后,纤维表面较为粗糙,可以进行湿法抄造,但是相互之间的作用力较小,所以抄造得到的纸张的强度较小;如图4,浸渍后的纸张上由于树脂的粘连,在纤维之间形成较强的作用力,纸张强度明显增强,但是发现树脂分布较为不匀;如图5,经过热压后的纸张纤维表面被压扁,纤维之间更加紧实,树脂分布更加均匀,作用力加大,强度增强。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种制备聚醚醚酮纤维纸的方法,其特征在于,是采用聚醚醚酮纤维为主要原料,通过湿法造纸成形技术抄取得到聚醚醚酮纸;所述方法是先将聚醚醚酮纤维活化处理后分散于水中,得到浆料,再向浆料中加入制浆造纸助剂,之后进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理得到聚醚醚酮纤维纸样;将纸样进行浸渍、热压再干燥处理,得到聚醚醚酮纤维纸;具体包括如下步骤:
(1)对聚醚醚酮纤维用活化剂进行9% KMnO4、80℃处理活化2h,用蒸馏水洗涤纤维至中性,之后,烘干备用;利用槽式打浆机对活化处理后的聚醚醚酮纤维进行疏解60min,使聚醚醚酮纤维分散为单根纤维,得到浆料;
(2)向步骤(1)中的浆料中依次加入纤维浆料质量0.5%的吐温-80、纤维浆料质量10%的丁苯胶乳、纤维浆料质量0.6%的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,搅拌均匀;
(3)利用湿法成型技术将步骤(2)所得到的浆料进行湿法成型、脱水、烘干处理,得到原纸;
(4)用溶剂将聚醚醚酮树脂稀释至质量浓度为4%的溶液,将步骤(3)得到的原纸在树脂溶液中浸渍30s、烘干,然后在160℃、5MPa条件下进行热压10min、干燥即得到聚醚醚酮纸。
2.应用权利要求1所述的方法制备得到的聚醚醚酮纤维纸。
3.权利要求2所述聚醚醚酮纤维纸的应用方法,其特征在于,包括用于制备需要具备耐热性、优良的电气特性、耐击穿强度、抗辐射能力、耐磨性、抗老化性、高机械强度中的一种或几种特性的产品。
4.权利要求2所述聚醚醚酮纤维纸的应用方法,其特征在于,包括用于制备需要具备绝缘性的产品。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的应用方法,其特征在于,所述产品包括工业、航空和医疗领域的产品。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的应用方法,其特征在于,所述产品包括高温过滤材料、高温防护材料、摩擦材料、电气绝缘材料和蜂窝结构材料。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用方法,其特征在于,所述产品包括高温过滤材料、高温防护材料、摩擦材料、电气绝缘材料和蜂窝结构材料。
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