CN107251244B - White emitting phosphor conversion LED with the flux output stable relative to temperature - Google Patents
White emitting phosphor conversion LED with the flux output stable relative to temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN107251244B CN107251244B CN201680011756.3A CN201680011756A CN107251244B CN 107251244 B CN107251244 B CN 107251244B CN 201680011756 A CN201680011756 A CN 201680011756A CN 107251244 B CN107251244 B CN 107251244B
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Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 22
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title description 20
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000904 thermoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000283207 Indigofera tinctoria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000294611 Punica granatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014360 Punica granatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUUZKBJEUBFVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper molybdenum Chemical compound [Cu].[Mo] WUUZKBJEUBFVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
- H01L33/502—Wavelength conversion materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0003—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being doped with fluorescent agents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
- Optical Filters (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of lighting apparatus (1), the lighting apparatus includes solid state light emitter (10) and ceramic main body (100), wherein solid state light emitter (10) is configured to provide blue-light source light (11) to ceramic main body (100), wherein ceramic main body (100) includes ceramic material (120), the ceramic material is configured to the partial wavelength conversion yellowly converter light (101) of blue-light source light (11), to provide the white illumination equipment light (2) for including the blue-light source light (11) and the yellow converter light (101), the white illumination equipment light (2) has the color dot selected from 0.18≤u'≤0.25 and the range of 0.42≤v'≤0.54, and wherein ceramic material (120) includes (Y(1‑y‑q‑z),Gdy,Luq,Cez)3(Al(1‑x),Gax)5O12Ceramic material, 0≤x≤0.6,0≤y≤0.5,0≤q < 1 and 0.001≤z≤0.06.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the lighting apparatus such as using in automotive vehicles applications.The invention further relates to manufactures at this
Include the garnet process of cerium used in the lighting apparatus of sample, and utilizes the obtainable pomegranate including cerium of this process
Stone.
Background technique
Luminescent ceramic materials are as known in the art.For example, US2004145308 describes a kind of light source, has and use
In at least one LED of transmitting primary radiation and with the luminous material of at least one for primary radiation to be converted to secondary radiation
At least one luminescent conversion main body of material.Luminescent conversion main body is polycrystalline ceramics main body.At the beginning of LED is based on GaInN and emits blue
Grade radiation.Ceramic main body includes the luminescent material of the yttrium-aluminium-garnet for example based on doping cerium.The luminescent material emits yellow time
Grade radiation.Blue primary radiation and yellow secondary radiation penetrate luminescent conversion main body and are perceived by the observer as white light.In order to make
Luminescent conversion main body is made, carries out providing the polycrystalline ceramics main body mixed with the solution of dopant.By means of heat treatment, dopant
(activator) is diffused into ceramic main body, forms luminescent material.
Summary of the invention
Some illuminations are applied, such as at least automotive illumination applications, the q&r of lighting apparatus are most important.
In addition, in the car, or even in headlamp, LED is become increasingly prevalent.However, seeming that some light sources are not suitable for
Such as applied in automobile, because temperature characterisitic is defective.
Therefore, an aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of lighting apparatus of substitution, preferably also at least partly eliminates
One or more of disadvantages mentioned above.In addition, an aspect of of the present present invention provides one kind for manufacturing for this lighting apparatus
Wavelength shifter alternative Process, preferably also at least partly eliminate one or more of disadvantages mentioned above.
In the first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of lighting apparatus (" equipment ") comprising solid state light emitter and ceramic main body,
Wherein solid state light emitter is configured to provide blue-light source light to ceramic main body), wherein ceramic main body includes ceramic material, the ceramics material
Material is configured to the partial wavelength conversion (converting) by blue-light source light as yellow converter light, includes the blue light to provide
The white illumination equipment light of source light and the yellow converter light, the white illumination equipment light particularly has selected from 0.18≤
The color dot (being directed to CIE1976 color coordinates u' and v'(CIELUV) of the range of u'≤0.25 and 0.42≤v'≤0.54), even
More particularly 0.2≤u'≤0.21 and 0.45≤v'≤0.51, and wherein ceramic material particularly includes A3B5O12:Ce3+Type
Ceramic material (" ceramic garnet "), wherein A may include one of yttrium (Y), gadolinium (Gd) and lutetium (Lu) or a variety of, and its
Middle B may include aluminium (Al) and/or gallium (Ga), and particularly wherein ceramic material includes (Y(1-y-q-z),Gdy,Luq,Cez)3
(Al(1-x),Gax)5O12Ceramic material, particularly 0≤y≤0.4 0≤x≤0.6,0≤y≤0.5(), 0≤q < 1(particularly 0≤q
≤ 0.8) and 0.001≤z≤0.06, even more particularly, x>0, such as 0<x≤0.5 in one embodiment, and another
0.05≤y≤0.2 and 0.0015≤z≤0.03 in other embodiment.In addition, in another embodiment, q=0.Another
In embodiment, q is in the range of 0.4-0.6.
Unexpectedly seem, although solid state light emitter reduces in terms of intensity at relatively high temperatures, in about 100 DEG C of temperature
Degree is hereinafter, total light flux keeps identical substantially.Application (such as automobile or projector applications) for high request, this is fabulous
's.For automobile, it may be desirable to luminous flux under cryogenic applications (such as connection lighting apparatus after soon) and
It is identical under high temperature application (such as after some operating times, such as at least 15 minutes).In addition, luminous flux is substantially independent of ring
Border temperature may be also important.Therefore, the present invention additionally provides herein be used for such lighting apparatus to provide white accordingly
Luminaire light, temperature independent light of the white illumination equipment light under constant light source power with white illumination equipment light are logical
Amount, wherein luminous flux is in the range of the 90-110% of the luminous flux at 20 DEG C when light source is below at least 100 DEG C of temperature.
Particularly, lighting apparatus can be used in the headlamp of motor vehicles, difference of the headlamp in the range selected from 10-100 DEG C
At a temperature of have stabilized flux.
Doped with Ce3+The luminescent ceramic garnet of (trivalent cerium) can be used in converting blue light into longer wavelength (example
Such as in green to red wavelength region) light, such as in the range of about 500-750nm, sometimes even in blue region.It is as follows
What face further pointed out, A can also refer to other rare earth elements, and B can only include Al, but optionally can also include gallium.
Formula A3B5O12:Ce3+Especially indicate chemical formula, i.e., the stoichiometry (3:5:12) of different types of elements A, B and O.However, such as this
Known in field, the compound indicated by this formula optionally can also include the little deviation relative to stoichiometry.Ceramics
Material includes garnet material.Therefore, main body especially includes luminescent ceramic.
Garnet material, especially ceramic garnet material are herein also indicated as " luminescent material ".Luminescent material packet
Include A3B5O12:Ce3+(garnet material), wherein A is in particular selected from the group being made of Sc, Y, Tb, Gd and Lu, and wherein B is particularly
Selected from the group being made of Al and Ga.More particularly, A includes one of yttrium (Y), gadolinium (Gd) and lutetium (Lu) or a variety of, and B packet
Include aluminium (Al).Such garnet can use cerium (Ce), and come optionally with other luminescent substances of such as praseodymium (Pr)
Doping.
In a specific embodiment, B is made of about 40% or more Al and 60% or less Ga.Particularly, B includes
Aluminium (Al), however B can also partly include gallium (Ga) and/or scandium (Sc) and/or indium (In), in particular up to about 20%
Al, more particularly at most about 10% Al can be substituted (that is, B ion is substantially by 90 or more molar percentages (mole %)
One of Al and 10 or less Ga, Sc and In of molar percentage or a variety of compositions)；B can particularly include at most about
10% gallium.In another deformation, B and O can at least partly be replaced by Si and N.
As noted above, elements A can be in particular selected from being made of yttrium (Y), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb) and lutetium (Lu)
Group even more particularly substantially only selected from the group that is made of Y and Gd, and is even more particularly selected from both Y and Gd, but Y and
The molar ratio of Gd is greater than 1.Therefore, in one embodiment, A3B5O12:Ce3+Including (Y, Gd)3Al5O12:Ce3+, especially there is Y
Both with Gd.
It is as noted below, particularly, by sintering process and/or hot pressing, followed by the annealing in reducing atmosphere,
It can get ceramic material.Therefore, in a particular embodiment, pass through following available ceramic main bodies: one kind includes that starting material exists
(starting material may increase temperature to the method for sintering process and isostatic pressing process (see also hereafter) at a temperature of raising
Lower pre-sintering), for providing ceramic main body；Followed by it is a kind of include at least 1000 DEG C at a temperature of, in a reducing atmosphere
The method of annealing process.However even more particularly, pass through following available ceramic main bodies: one kind includes that starting material is increasing
At a temperature of, the method for the sintering process in neutral or oxidizing atmosphere and isostatic pressing process, for providing ceramic main body；Then
To be described include (at least 1000 DEG C at a temperature of, in a reducing atmosphere) method of the annealing process.Therefore, especially
Ground, the method for manufacture ceramic main body described herein include the method for handling starting material at elevated temperature, especially
Ground executes in neutral or oxidizing atmosphere.Starting material may include that (it can especially increased for the mixture of initial powder
At a temperature of be pre-sintered).However, starting material can also include powder compact or green bodies (initial powder being formed, such as
It can get by dry-pressing).Oxidizing atmosphere especially may include N2、CO2, one of Ar, He, Kr etc. or a variety of and (some)
O2.In one embodiment, ceramic main body is elongated ceramic main body, see also hereafter.
The ceramic main body handled in this way is far superior to untreated ceramic main body ((under high light source power)
It is more efficient in terms of light concentration).The optical properties and/or efficiency (see also above) of optical properties and/or efficiency close to monocrystalline.
However, as noted above, ceramic main body can faster and more easily be manufactured than monocrystalline, and for this reason, with than
The significantly lower cost manufacture of monocrystalline.
Term " ceramics " more particularly to a kind of inorganic material can get by following other than other methods: subtracting
(such as 10 under small pressure, atmospheric pressure or high pressure-8To 500MPa, such as especially at least 0.5MPa, such as
Especially at least 1MPa, such as 1 to about 500MPa, such as at least 5MPa or at least 10MPa), especially in single shaft or wait static pressure
Under power, especially under isostatic pressure, at least 500 DEG C (especially at least 800 DEG C, such as at least 1000 DEG C, such as at least
1400 DEG C) at a temperature of heat (polycrystalline) powder.The ad hoc approach for obtaining ceramics is hot isostatic pressing (HIP), however HIP process can
To be HIP, capsule HIP or combined sintering HIP process after the sintering such as under the conditions of temperature and pressure as noted above.It is logical
Crossing ceramics obtained by this method can use like this, or can be further processed (such as polishing).Ceramics are particularly
With such density, it is at least 90%(or higher of theoretical density (i.e. the density of monocrystalline), sees below), such as at least
95%, such as in the range of 97-100%.Ceramics can be still polycrystalline, but crystal grain (particle of compacting or compacting
Flocculated particle) between volume is reducing or strong reduction.The heating (such as HIP) increased under pressure for example can be in inert gas
(such as including N2With one of argon (Ar) or a variety of) in execute.Particularly, the heating increased under pressure is before to be selected from
Sintering process at a temperature of the range of 1400-1900 DEG C (such as 1500-1800 DEG C).Such sintering can be in reduced pressure
(such as 10 under power-2Under Pa or lower pressure) it executes.Such sintering may already lead to such density: it is in reason
By at least 95%(magnitude even more particularly at least 99%) of density.In (particularly under elevated pressure) pre-sintering and
After heating (such as HIP) the two, the density of ceramic main body can be close to the density of monocrystalline.However, difference is, in ceramics
Crystal boundary can be obtained in main body, because ceramic main body is polycrystalline.Such crystal boundary can be examined for example by optical microscopy or SEM
It measures.Therefore, herein, ceramic main body refers in particular to have and the sintering of the essentially identical density of (identical material) monocrystalline
Polycrystalline.Such main body therefore can be to visible light highly transparent (in addition to by such as especially Ce3+Light absorption material absorbing).
Process described above especially provides the garnet host of sintering, the height being especially subjected at a temperature of increasing
Journey is pressed through, such as HIP(is seen above).Therefore, particularly, the method including handling starting material at elevated temperature includes following
Method: it includes sintering process and isostatic pressing process, the even more particularly pre-sintering under raising pressure, followed by raising temperature
The high-pressure process under degree.
After obtaining ceramic main body, the main body can be polished.It before polishing or later, especially before polishing, can be with
Execute (in oxidizing atmosphere) annealing process.In another particular embodiment, the annealing process continues at least 2 hours, such as
At least 2 hours at least 1200 DEG C.In addition, particularly, reducing atmosphere includes such as H2。
Ceramic main body can have light guide or wave guide properties.Therefore, ceramic main body be also indicated as herein waveguide or
Light guide.Since ceramic main body may be used as light concentrator, ceramic main body is also indicated as light concentrator herein.Ceramic main body
To generally there are (some) transmissions to visible light in the direction perpendicular to ceramic main body length.In no such as trivalent cerium
In the case where activator, it is seen that transmission may be close to 100%.
Therefore, in a specific embodiment, the process of ceramic main body in this way can get, which includes: sintering rank
Section, the sintering stage include the at a temperature of sintering starting material in the first atmosphere, in the range in 1500-2000 DEG C
(form is " green bodies " to mixture, optionally includes SiO2) to provide the main body of sintering；Followed by annealing stage, the annealing
Stage include in the second atmosphere, in 1000-1600 DEG C of range at a temperature of annealing it is main to provide the ceramics
Body, wherein the first atmosphere is different from the second atmosphere, and wherein in the case where the first atmosphere more aoxidizes, the second atmosphere packet
Include reducing atmosphere.In general, sintering and annealing carry out in the atmosphere with different oxidation/reduction intensity.
Particularly, these temperature and this sequence in stage can provide suitable ceramic main body.Undesirable theoretical
In the case where constraint, it appears that oxidation and sinter and reduced anneal are alternatively introduced into lattice defect, this may be to unexpected light
Scholarship and moral conduct is responsible.The thermoluminescence attribute changed before the annealing process and later obviously indicates that the lattice changed in ceramic main body lacks
Fall into structure.
Therefore, in another embodiment, the present invention also provides particularly for provide ceramic main body as described herein this
Kind of process, such as manufacturing the process of ceramic main body comprising: sintering stage, which is included in the first atmosphere,
In 1500-2000 DEG C of range at a temperature of be sintered and optionally contain SiO2Starting material mixture to provide burning
The main body of knot；Followed by annealing stage, which includes the annealing in the second atmosphere, at 1000-1600 DEG C, to mention
For the ceramic main body, wherein the first atmosphere is different from second atmosphere, and wherein the second atmosphere includes reducing atmosphere.Cause
This, the first atmosphere-sintering stage at least partly during atmosphere-can be reproducibility (such as including H2) or it is neutral
(such as in such as N2Or in the indifferent gas main body of He etc.).Therefore, in one embodiment, sintering stage is applied to neutral or oxidation
In the first atmosphere of property.As noted above, particularly, starting material contains SiO2.Apparently work as SiO2It is added as fluxing agent
When, this may generate beneficial effect to the stability of flux.In addition, as it is known in the art, starting material may include phase
Close one of carbonate, oxide of cationic (Y, Gd and Al) etc. or a variety of.In addition, as noted above, especially
Ground, sintering stage include hot pressing.High quality ceramic main body can be obtained in this way.
In addition, when limiting the amount of Gd and/or when the amount of cerium is also relatively low, it appears that obtain best material.
In a particular embodiment, 0.05≤x≤0.5.
In another embodiment, 0.05≤y≤0.2 and 0.0015≤z≤0.003.In all manufactured ceramic main bodies
In, meet the particularly shown desired optics behavior out of ceramic main body of these conditions.In addition, in one embodiment, 0≤q < 1,
Particularly 0≤q≤0.8 or q=0.In addition, in one embodiment, x=0.As q and x both substantially zeroed, needle can be applied
To the good luminous material of automobile application.
Ceramic main body, or especially garnet luminescent materials, are configured to converted light source light at least partly.In other words,
It may be said that light source is radiatively coupled to photoconverter, especially luminescent material.Term " coupling of radiation ground " especially means light source
Be associated with each other with luminescent material (being ceramic main body here) so that radiation launched by light source at least partly by luminescent material
It receives (and being at least partly converted to luminous).Ceramic main body can configure at the distance away from light source non-zero, or can be with
It is configured to be physically contacted.The embodiment of front be also indicated as sometimes it is nearby or long-range, the former closer to and the latter further from light
Source.Herein, in one embodiment, light source includes light-emitting area, in the distance for being equal to or less than 1mm away from ceramic main body
(d) place configures.Therefore, particularly, apart from relatively small, or even zero.Therefore, in another other embodiment, light source
Including the light-emitting area being physically contacted with ceramic main body.In these embodiments, in addition, when light source becomes hotter ceramic main body
It will heat up, and in addition, (absorb the short-wavelength light from light source by lower conversion process in ceramic main body and emit longer wave
Long light) generate heat pass through light source conducted.All temperature in equipment through physical connection are by related physical department
The thermal conductance parameter of part determines.In the case where LED, can also for example using socket temperature, because under given operation electric current,
The temperature proportional of the temperature and light-emitting area.When ceramic main body is coupled to temperature as light-emitting area, the present invention is particularly
Its advantage is provided.
In a particular embodiment, lighting apparatus includes multiple solid state light emitters, and wherein ceramic main body is that have the first face
With the elongated ceramic main body in the second face, first face and the second face limit the length (L) of the elongated ceramic main body, the elongated ceramic
Main body includes one or more radiation input facets and radiation exit window, wherein the second face includes the radiation exit window, wherein more
A solid state light emitter is configured to provide blue-light source light to the one or more radiation input facet.In this way it is possible to generate height
Intensity source.In another embodiment, lighting apparatus can also include optical reflector, configure the downstream in the first face and configuration
At reflecting light back into elongated ceramic main body, wherein radiation exit window is configured to perpendicular to the one or more radiation input facet.
This can further enhance the decoupling of light.In another embodiment, elongated ceramic main body may include at least 2 geometry concentration
Factor, geometry demand factor are defined as the area of radiation input facet and the area ratio of radiation exit window.Greater than 1(especially 2
Or it is bigger or even much bigger) factor high brightness sources can be provided, can also especially be applied to projector purpose or other
Purpose.However, in another embodiment, lighting apparatus can also include collimator, the downstream configured in radiation exit window is simultaneously
It is configured to collimation converter light.
As noted above, one in can in the car, such as in automobile, truck, bus, motor-driven
Vehicle, train, in the headlamp of subway etc..It therefore, in one embodiment, include as fixed herein the present invention also provides one kind
The auto lamp of the lighting apparatus of justice.
Herein, the light of term " visible light " more particularly to the wavelength with the range selected from 380-780nm.Transmission can
And material will be transmitted through by the light under providing the specific wavelength with the first intensity to ceramic main body under vertical radiation
The intensity of light under the wavelength measured after material and the first intensity of the light provided under the specific wavelength to material have contacted
Come and determines (see also CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics) the 69th edition
E-208 and E-406,1088-1989).
Ceramic main body can have any shape, such as beam-like or rod-shaped.However, ceramic main body can also be plate-like etc..
The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of shape, and present invention is also not necessarily limited to the embodiments with single exit window or decoupling face.Under
Some specific embodiments are described in further detail in text.If ceramic main body has circular cross-section, then width and height can phases
Deng (and diameter can be defined as).
In a particular embodiment, ceramic main body can particularly have the aspect ratio greater than 1, i.e. length is greater than width.It is logical
Often, ceramic main body is bar or stick (beam), but ceramic main body not necessarily has square, rectangle or circular cross-section.In general, light source
It is configured to one (side edge) that irradiation is denoted herein as in the relatively long face of radiation input facet, and radiates from herein
Be expressed as radiation exit window, positioned at front face (leading edge) escape.Particularly, in embodiment, solid state light emitter or other
Light source is not physically contacted with ceramic main body.Physical contact can lead to undesirable decoupling, and therefore lead to the drop of concentrator efficiency
It is low.In addition, usually ceramic main body includes two substantially parallel faces: radiation input facet and opposite face corresponding thereto.The two
Face defines the width of ceramic main body herein.In general, the length in these faces defines the length of ceramic main body.However, such as
It is indicated below above and also, ceramic main body can have any shape, and can also include the combination of shape.Especially
Ground, radiation input facet have radiation input facet area (A), wherein radiation exit window has radiation outgoing window ara (E), and its
Middle radiation input facet area (A) is at least 1.5 times, even more particularly at least twice of radiation outgoing window ara (E), particularly
At least 5 times, such as in the range of 2-50000, especially 5-5000 times.Therefore, particularly, elongated ceramic main body includes at least
1.5(such as at least 2, such as at least 5 or much bigger) geometry demand factor, geometry demand factor is defined as radiation input
The area in face and the area ratio (seeing above) of radiation exit window.This allows the use of for example multiple solid state light emitters (under see also
Text).For the typical case such as in automobile or digital projector, it is expected that small and high-intensitive emitting surface.This can not be utilized
Single led acquisition, but can be obtained using this lighting apparatus.Particularly, radiation exit window, which has, is selected from 1-100 mm2Model
Radiation outgoing window ara (E) enclosed.Using this size, emitting surface can be small, however still can realize high intensity.Such as
Indicated above, ceramic main body usually has (length/width) aspect ratio.This allows small radiation exit surface, but for example with
The big radiation of multiple solid state light emitter irradiation inputs surface.In a particular embodiment, ceramic main body, which has, is selected from 0.5-100 mm
Range width (W).Ceramic main body is therefore especially with the complete body in face noted herein.
Generally the ceramic main body of rod or stick can have any cross sectional shape, but have pros in embodiment
Shape, rectangle, circle, ellipse, triangle, pentagon or hexagon shape section.In general, ceramic main body is cuboid, but
It is that can be provided with the shape different from cuboid, optical input surface has trapezoidal shape to a certain extent.In this way
It does, can even enhance luminous flux, this may be advantageous some applications.Therefore, in some cases (see also above),
Term " width " can also refer to diameter, such as in the case where ceramic main body has circular cross-section.Therefore, in embodiment, carefully
Long ceramic main body also has width (W) and height (H), particularly L > W and L > H.Particularly, the first face and the second face limit length
The length that degree, i.e. the distance between these faces are elongated ceramic main body.These faces can especially be arranged in parallel.
Ceramic main body can also be cylindrical bar.In embodiment, cylindrical bar has an axis side along bar
To flat surface, and light source can be positioned at the surface so that light launched by light source is efficiently coupled into ceramic main body
In.Flat surface can also be used to place radiator.Cylinder ceramic main body can also have there are two flat surface, such as that
This is relatively disposed, or is positioned perpendicular to each other.In embodiment, flat surface is prolonged along the part of the axis direction of cylindrical bar
It stretches.
The ceramic main body in an embodiment according to the present invention of record as follows can also be folded in the longitudinal direction,
Bending and/or forming so that stick or bar that ceramic main body is not straight, linear, may include such as form be 90 degree or
The curved fillet of 180 degree, U-shaped, round or ellipse, ring or the 3 dimension spiral shapes with multiple rings.This provides compact ceramics
Main body, total length (light is guided generally along the total length) is relatively large (this causes relatively high lumen to export), but its
It can be simutaneously arranged in relatively small space.For example, the luminous component of ceramic main body can be rigid, and ceramic main body
Transparent part is flexible to provide the forming of ceramic main body along its length.Light source can be placed on along be folded, it is curved
From anywhere in the length of bent and/or forming ceramic main body.
The part for being not employed as being optically coupled into the ceramic main body in region or light exit window can be equipped with reflector.Therefore, In
In one embodiment, lighting apparatus further includes the reflector for being configured to be reflected back luminescent material light in ceramic main body.Therefore, it illuminates
Equipment can also include one or more reflectors, which is particularly configured to that radiation exit window will be removed from one or more
Except surface evolution radiation reflective return ceramic main body in.Particularly, the face opposite with radiation exit window may include in this way
Reflector, but in embodiment the face not with the reflector be physically contacted.Therefore, reflector especially can not be with ceramics master
Body physical contact.Therefore, in one embodiment, lighting apparatus further include (at least) configuration the first face downstream and be configured to by
Light is reflected back the optical reflector in elongated ceramic main body.Alternately or in addition, optical reflector can also be arranged in and not have
At the part of other faces and/or face that the optocoupler that be used to that light source is optically coupled into or be shone goes out.Particularly, this optical reflector can
It is not physically contacted with ceramic main body.In addition, optical reflector as (multiple) can be configured to will to shine in light source light
It is one or more to be reflected back in ceramic main body.Therefore, can retain essentially all of light source light for by luminescent material (that is,
Such as it is especially Ce3+(a variety of) activator element) conversion, and luminous be mostly used in from radiation exit window can be retained
Decoupling.Term " reflector " also can refer to multiple reflectors.
Especially for automobile application, light source may include light-emitting area, which includes electrode surface area (AL),
Wherein ceramic main body includes radiation input surface and radiation exit window, and it includes ceramic main body surface area which, which inputs surface,
(A), which includes that window ara (E) is projected in radiation, wherein 0.8≤A/AL≤1.2, and wherein 0.8≤E/AL≤
1.5, particularly 1≤E/AL≤1.5.
Term " being coupled into " and similar terms, and " decoupling " and similar terms indicate that light is (main from ceramics respectively from media variations
Enter in ceramic main body outside body, and vice versa).In general, light exit window will be face (or the part in face), it is configured to (base
This) is perpendicular to one or more of the other face of waveguide.In general, ceramic main body will include one or more main body axis (such as length
Axis, width axes or altitude axis), exit window is configured to (basic) perpendicular to such axis.Therefore, in general, (multiple) optical input surface
(basic) be will be configured to perpendicular to light exit window.Therefore, radiation exit window is specifically configured to defeated perpendicular to one or more radiation
Enter face.Therefore, particularly, the face including light exit window does not include optical input surface.
Optionally optical filter is configurable on radiation exit window downstream.
In another embodiment, lighting apparatus further includes collimator, and configuration is in radiation exit window downstream and is configured to standard
Straight converter light.Such collimator, such as such as CPC(compound parabolic shape concentrator) it can be used for collimating from radiation exit window
The light of evolution simultaneously provides collimated beam of light.
In addition, lighting apparatus may include radiator, it is configured to promote the cold of solid state light emitter and/or luminescence concentrator
But.Radiator may include following or consisting of the following: copper, aluminium, silver, gold, silicon carbide, aluminium nitride, boron nitride, aluminium silicon carbide,
Beryllium oxide, silico-carbo SiClx, aluminium silicon carbide, copper-tungsten, copper molybdenum carbide, carbon, diamond, graphite and two kinds in them or more
A variety of combinations.Lighting apparatus can also include the one or more cooling elements for being configured to cooling ceramic main body.
Particularly, light source is the light of at least wavelength of the range selected from 200-490nm of transmitting (light source light) during operation
Light source, especially emit during operation at least be selected from 400-490nm range, even more particularly 440-490nm's
The light source of the light of wavelength in range.The light can be used partly by luminescent material.Therefore, in a particular embodiment, light source
It is configured to generate blue light.In a particular embodiment, blue-light source light has the dominant wavelength of the range selected from 430-450nm.
In a particular embodiment, light source includes solid state LED light source (such as LED or laser diode).Term " light source "
It can be related to multiple light sources, such as 2-20 (solid-state) LED light sources, but much more light source can be applied.Therefore, art
Language LED can also refer to multiple LED.Therefore, as indicated herein, term " solid state light emitter " can also refer to multiple solid state light emitters.
In one embodiment (see also hereafter), these are substantially the same solid state light emitters, i.e. offer solid state light emitter radiates substantially
Identical spatial distribution.In embodiment, solid state light emitter can be configured to irradiate the different sides of ceramic main body.
Lighting apparatus includes multiple light sources.Particularly, the light source light of multiple (m) light sources has spectra overlapping, even more
Particularly, it their types having the same and substantially the same light is provided (therefore has basically the same spectrum point
Cloth).Therefore, such as in the bandwidth of 10nm, light source can emission maximum substantially having the same.
Light source is particularly configured to provide at least 0.2 Watt/mm to ceramic main body (i.e. to (multiple) radiation input facet)2
Blue optical power (Wopt).Blue optical power is defined as the energy range in the blue portion for being defined as spectrum
Interior energy (see also hereafter).Particularly, photon flux is averagely at least 4.5*1017Photon/(s.mm2), such as at least 6.0*
1017Photon/(s.mm2).In addition, in a particular embodiment, length (L) is at least 20mm.In yet another specific embodiment, cerium is dense
Degree is in the range of the 0.1-3.0% of A.
Lighting apparatus can be following parts or can be applied in following: such as Office lighting systems, family are answered
It is answered with system, shop lighting systems, home lighting systems, accent lighting systems, point lighting system, Theatre lighting systems, optical fiber
With system, optical projection system, spontaneous light display system, pixelation display system, segment display system, warning mark system, medical treatment
Illuminate application system, Warning Mark system, decorative lighting system, portable system, automobile application, Green house lighting systems, garden
Skill illumination or LCD backlight etc..
Term " upstream " and " downstream " are related to article or feature and (are especially the first light herein relative to from photogenerated device
Source) light propagation arrangement, wherein relative to the first position in the light beam from photogenerated device, in light beam closer to
The second position of photogenerated device is " upstream ", and the third place in light beam further from photogenerated device is " downstream ".
What term white light herein was known to those skilled in the art.Its particularly such light: it has
Have between about 2000 and 20000K(especially 2700-20000K) between correlated colour temperature (CCT), particularly for general illumination
In the range of about 2700K and 6500K, and for backlight purpose particularly in the range of about 7000K and 20000K, and
Particularly from about 15 SDCM of BBL (black body locus) (standard deviation of color matching), particularly in from about 10 SDCM of BBL,
Even more particularly in from about 5 SDCM of BBL.
In embodiment, light source also can provide the light with the correlated colour temperature (CCT) between about 5000K and 20000K
Source light the, for example, LED (blue-light-emitting two with the phosphor thin for for example obtaining 10000K of direct phosphor conversion
Pole pipe).Therefore, in a particular embodiment, light source is configured to provide and have in the range of 5000-20000K, or even particularly
Ground is in 6000-20000K(such as 8000-20000K) in the range of correlated colour temperature light source light.The advantages of opposite high color temperature, can
To be, there may be relatively high blue components in light source light.
Term " purple light " or " purple transmitting " in particular to have the light of the wavelength in the range of about 380-440nm.Art
Language " blue light " or " indigo plant transmitting " in particular to have in the range of about 440-490nm (including some violet tints and cyan tune)
The light of wavelength.Term " green light " or " green transmitting " in particular to have the light of wavelength in the range of about 490-560nm.Art
Language " yellow light " or " Huang transmitting " in particular to have the light of wavelength in the range of about 560-570nm.Term " orange light " or " orange
Transmitting " in particular to has the light of wavelength in the range of about 570-600.Term " feux rouges " or " red transmitting " in particular to have
There is the light of wavelength in the range of about 600-780nm.Term " powder light " or " powder transmitting " refer to blue and red component
Light.Term " visible ", " visible light " or " visible emission " is referred to wavelength in the range of about 380-780nm
Light.
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to appended schematic diagram only by way of example now, it is right in the figure
The appended drawing reference answered indicates corresponding component, and in figure:
Fig. 1 shows the emission spectrum of phosphor converted blue led.Color dot are as follows: u'=0.204, v'=0.478(CIE
1976).Blue a length of 439 nm of spike；
Fig. 2 shows the normalized emission flux (relative intensities of the typical white LED of the function as socket temperature
(RI)), which operates at 1A, is combined and constitute with yellow emission YAG phosphor by blue led.Solid line shows current skill
The temperature dependency of the flux of the White LED of art level；Dotted line show the temperature of the flux of lighting apparatus according to the present invention according to
Lai Xing；
Fig. 3 a-3c respectively schematically shows the embodiment of phosphor converted White LED equipment (pcLED) and auto lamp；
Fig. 4 a-4c schematically depicts other aspects of the invention；
Fig. 5 schematically depicts the processing of ceramic main body and some aspects of the embodiment in other optional stages；With
And
Fig. 6 a-6b shows some thermoluminescence data.
Schematic diagram is not necessarily to scale.
Specific embodiment
For some White LED applications, for example, automobile to front lit, need the stabilized flux under different temperatures to export.
Blue InGaN LED reduces output power with raised temperature.The present invention describes blue led and yellow emitting phosphorescent body
Combination increases QE's as the function of temperature by using ((high blue power input under)) Lumiramic converter
And there is white flux output stable at the LED and phosphor temperature of variation.
White LED is used into front lit in automobile, the White LED is by the yellow emission garnet phosphorus with utilization Ce activation
Body of light (Y, Gd)3Al5O12The combined blue emission peak InGaN LED(430-460nm transmitting) it is made.Fig. 1 is shown typically
White emission spectrum.Herein, garnet phosphor is by having 0.24% Ce concentration and 13% Gd concentration (i.e.
(Y0.8676Gd0.13Ce0.0024)3Al5O12Lumiramic converter composition.Fig. 1 shows the transmitting light of phosphor converted blue led
Spectrum.Color dot are as follows: u'=0.204, v'=0.478(CIE 1976).The blue a length of 439nm of spike.
Although blue emission AlInGaN LED has the excellent external efficiencies of the function as temperature, for working as
Preceding LED device, the blue power under constant current are reduced with raised temperature.For White LED, the reduction of output power
It is changed into the reduction of emitted white flux.Application for YAG phosphor, according to phosphor component, the effect is so-called
The hot-quenching of phosphor go out and (reduced as the temperature increases which depict quantum efficiency) amplification.
Invention particularly provides a kind of white emitting phosphor conversion LED, color dot be especially 0.2 <u ' < 0.21 and 0.45 <
V ' < 0.5(compares CIE1976 color coordinates u' and v').This can be by being divided into (Y for blue InGaN LED and group(1-y-q-z),
Gdy,Luq,Cez)3(Al(1-x),Gax)5O12Garnet phosphor combination and realize, 0≤x≤0.6,0≤y≤0.5,0≤q < 1
And 0.001≤z≤0.06, even more particularly, in one embodiment, x>0, such as 0<x≤0.5, and in another implementation
0.05≤y≤0.2 and 0.0015≤z≤0.03 in example.In order to realize desired function, material is at 1750 DEG C in oxygen
Sintering 8 hours, and after cooling down at room temperature, the material (depending on temperature) at 1100 DEG C < 1450 DEG C in a reducing atmosphere
(such as form gas (N2/H2)) the annealing longer period.The knot of this preparation process as the material for using said components
Fruit forms the material containing a large amount of Lacking oxygens.If irradiating this material with uv light (λ < 370nm) at ambient temperature,
Unexpectedly, when phosphor temperature rises on room temperature, it will be observed that bright thermoluminescence.
Ceramics have passed through yttrium oxide (Y2O3), gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), cerium oxide (CeO2) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and contain
There is SiO2Fluxing agent mixture reaction-sintered and be produced.Green bodies preparation can by single shaft compacting, slip casting at
Type, injection molding, extrusion, tape casting or other ceramic green bodies form technology and carry out.According to basic components (Gd concentration,
Al excess or " shortage ") and containing SiO2Sintering aid concentration, green bodies in air or oxygen between 1400 DEG C and
It is sintered at a temperature of between 1700 DEG C.Sample is in reducing atmosphere (H2, various H2The N of concentration2/H2) in annealing with create lattice lack
It falls into.
Fig. 2 shows the normalized emission flux of the typical white LED of the function as socket temperature, which exists
Operation, the combination by blue led and form for the yellow emission YAG phosphor of ceramic main body are constituted under 1A.Solid line is shown currently
The temperature dependency of the flux of the White LED of technical level；Dotted line shows the temperature of the flux of lighting apparatus according to the present invention
Dependence.Measurement is completed for each temperature using the short pulse (20ms) of operation.It is clear that equipment according to the present invention
With superior thermal stability.
Fig. 3 a-3c schematically shows the embodiment of phosphor converted White LED equipment pcLED and auto lamp.
Fig. 3 a schematically depicts the embodiment of the lighting apparatus 1 including solid state light emitter 10 and ceramic main body 100, wherein
Solid state light emitter 10 is configured to provide blue-light source light 11 to ceramic main body 100.Ceramic main body 100 includes ceramic material 120, is matched
Being set to the partial wavelength conversion of blue-light source light 11 is yellow converter light 101, includes the blue-light source light 11 to provide
With the white illumination equipment light 2 of the yellow converter light 101.Particularly, the white illumination equipment light 2, which has, is selected from range
The color dot of 0.18≤u'≤0.25 and 0.42≤v'≤0.54.In addition, ceramic material 120 includes (Y(1-y-q-z),Gdy,Luq,
Cez)3(Al(1-x),Gax)5O12Ceramic material, 0≤x≤0.6,0≤y≤0.5,0≤q < 1 and 0.001≤z≤0.06.Particularly,
In one embodiment, x>0, such as 0<x≤0.5, such as x are at least 0.05.In another embodiment, 0.05≤y≤0.2 and
0.0015≤z≤0.03.Light source includes that have the light-emitting area 12(of surface area AL be LED die herein), away from ceramics
Main body 100 configures at the distance d equal to or less than 1 mm.In the embodiment of schematic depiction herein, light source 10 includes and pottery
The light-emitting area 12 that porcelain main body 100 is physically contacted, the i.e. mm of d=0.Appended drawing reference 111 indicates radiation input facet.In addition, pottery
Porcelain main body 100 includes radiation exit window 112, is located at the former downstream.Radiation input surface 111 has surface area A, and
Radiating exit window 112 has surface area E, for automobile application, wherein 0.8≤A/AL≤1.2 and wherein 1≤
E/AL≤1.5。
Therefore, ceramic main body 100 described herein is particularly applied in transmission configuration.
The typical case that Fig. 3 b schematically depicts the phosphor-converted LED of the application or other application for imaging system matches
The embodiment set.Blue emission tube core is covered by yellow emitting phosphorescent body.In order to keep light-emitting area small, phosphor layer has tight
The size of close fit blue led area, and (phosphor turns in this case for Lumiramic for the side of LED and phosphor
Parallel operation) it is covered by white side coating (reflector 201), which is usually made of the white powder being suspended in silicone resin,
Its effectively reflection blue and sodium yellow.Appended drawing reference 202 indicates encapsulation or PCB.
Fig. 3 c schematically describes the auto lamp 300 of such as headlamp comprising lighting apparatus 1, In as described herein
Lighting apparatus downstream has collimator 24.
Luminaire according to the present invention can be used in including but not limited to following applications: lamp, optical module, illumination
Device, spotlight, flash lamp, projector, (number) projection device, automotive lighting (such as headlamp or tail of motor vehicles
Lamp), stage illumination, lighting, theater illumination and architectural lighting.
It is the light source of the part of embodiment according to the present invention, as described below, can be adapted to emit in operation has the
The light of one spatial distribution.The light is then coupled into light guide or waveguide (being ceramic main body here).Light guide or waveguide can be by first
The light of spatial distribution is converted to another spatial distribution, and light is directed to exit surfaces.
The embodiment of lighting apparatus as defined herein is schematically depicted in Fig. 4 a.Fig. 4 a is schematically depicted
Lighting apparatus 1 comprising multiple solid state light emitters 10 and elongated ceramic main body 100, which has restriction, and this is elongated
The first face 141 and the second face 142 of the length L of ceramic main body 100.Elongated ceramic main body 100 includes that one or more radiation are defeated
Enter face 111, be two faces positioned opposite indicated with appended drawing reference 143 and 144 in an illustrative manner herein, they limit example
Such as width W.In addition, ceramic main body 100 includes radiation exit window 112, wherein the second face 142 includes the radiation exit window 112.
Entire second face 142 is used as or is configured to radiation exit window.Multiple solid state light emitters 10 are configured to one or more spokes
It penetrates input face 111 and (blue) light source light 11 is provided.As noted above, they are particularly configured into radiation input facet 111
At least one provides (particularly, but being not exclusively) an average of at least 0.067Watt/mm2Blue power Wopt。
Elongated ceramic main body 100 includes ceramic material 120, is configured at least partly wavelength of (blue) light source light 11
Converter light 101 is converted to, such as at least one of green and red color converter light 101 or a variety of.As noted above, it makes pottery
Ceramic material 120 includes A3B5O12:Ce3+Ceramic material, (however) especially as defined above, wherein A includes such as yttrium (Y), gadolinium
(Gd) and one of lutetium (Lu) or a variety of, and wherein B includes such as aluminium (Al).Appended drawing reference 20 and 21 respectively indicates optical filtering
Device and reflector.The former can for example reduce non-green light when desired green light, or non-feux rouges can be reduced when desired feux rouges.
The latter can be used for reflecting light back into ceramic main body or waveguide, to improve efficiency.Note that can be used than schematic depiction
The more reflectors of reflector.
Light source can be any kind of point light source in principle, but be solid state light emitter in embodiment, such as light-emitting diodes
It manages (LED), laser diode or Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), multiple LED or laser diode or OLED or LED or swashs
The array or any combination in these of optical diode or OLED.LED can be in principle any color LED or these
Combination, but be the blue-light source for manufacturing the light source light in UV and/or blue spectrum in embodiment, blue spectrum is defined as being situated between
Wave-length coverage between 380 nm and 490 nm.In another embodiment, light source is UV or violet source (i.e. lower than 420 nm
Wave-length coverage in emit).In multiple LED or the array of laser diode or OLED or LED or laser diode or OLED
In the case where, (such as, but not limited to, LED or laser diode or OLED can be two or more different colours in principle
UV, blue, green, yellow or red) LED or laser diode or OLED.
Fig. 4 a-4b schematically depicts the similar embodiment of lighting apparatus.In addition, lighting apparatus may include other
Optical element is separated from waveguide and/or is integrated in the waveguide, such as such as light lumped elements, such as compound parabolic shape light collection
Middle element (CPC).Lighting apparatus 1 in Fig. 4 b further includes the collimator 24 of such as CPC.
Fig. 4 c schematically depicts some embodiments as waveguide or the possible ceramic main body of luminescence concentrator.It uses in face
Appended drawing reference 141-146 is indicated.First deformation (plate or beam-like ceramic main body) has face 141-146.Light source (it is not shown)
It may be arranged at the one or more in the 143-146 of face.Second deformation is tubular rod, has the first face 141 and the second face 142
And around face 143.Light source (not shown) may be arranged at the one or more positions around ceramic main body.Such ceramics are main
Body will have (substantially) round or circle section.Third deformation is substantially the combination of first two deformation, and there are two curved for tool
Bent and two flat sides.Deformation is not restrictive shown in Fig. 4 c.More shapes are possible；I.e. for example with reference to
The WO2006/054203 being incorporated herein by reference.Ceramic main body as light guide can usually be included in orthogonal
The rod or stick light guide of the height H, width W and length L that just upwardly extend, and ceramic main body is transparent in embodiment
Or it is transparent and luminous.Light is usually guided on the direction length L.Height H mm in embodiment < 10, in other realities
< 5 mm are applied in example, in a further embodiment < 2 mm.Width W mm in embodiment < 10, in other embodiments < 5 mm,
In other other embodiments < 2 mm.Length L is greater than width W and height H in embodiment, in other embodiments extremely
Less it is 2 times of 2 times or height H of width W, the 3 of 3 times or height H of width W is at least in other other embodiments
Times.Therefore, (length/width) aspect ratio is particularly greater than 1, such as equal to or more than 2.Unless otherwise indicated, term " aspect ratio "
Refer to the ratio between length/width.
Height H: width W aspect ratio (for for example general light source applications) is typically 1:1, or (for example
For being applied such as the special light sources of such as headlamp) it is 1:2,1:3 or 1:4, or (for for example showing application) is 4:
3,16:10,16:9 or 256:135.Light guide generally includes to be not disposed at optical input surface in parallel plane and light goes out firing table
Face, and in embodiment, optical input surface is perpendicular to light exit surface.For light output realizing high brightness, concentrating, light
The area of exit surface can be less than the area of optical input surface.Light exit surface can have any shape, but implement one
Square, rectangle, circle, ellipse, triangle, pentagon or hexagon are shaped as in example.
Fig. 5 schematically describes the processing of ceramic main body and some aspects of the embodiment in optional other stage.Rank
Section I indicates to provide the combination of starting material and green bodies formation.Stage II indicates sintering stage.Stage III indicates annealing
Stage and stage, IV indicated subsequent processing stage, such as polishing, grinding, cutting and building equipment.Note that optionally in institute
It may include other movements or stage, the cooling rank such as between sintering stage and annealing stage between the stage of expression
Section etc..
Fig. 6 a shows the Y to form the standard sintered in gas, and GdAG material is before the anneal (compared with harmonic curve) and later
The glow curve (also seeing below) of (higher curve).Brightness is generated by irradiating material using excitation light (being 360nm wavelength here)
Light curve.After illumination stage, turn-off lamp, and detect and sent out when sample temperature is increased continuously with linear temperature slope
The light penetrated.Herein, temperature increase rate 84K/min.Although " sintering " glow curve hardly shows any thermoluminescence,
The sample of annealing shows high-intensitive TL, and two peaks are located at different temperatures, indicates different in the presence of at least two in the material
Trap states.Fig. 6 b shows the comparison of the glow curve of the different garnet materials after annealing.The chemistry of sample is given below
Metering:
| Gd (% does not include Ce) | Lu (% does not include Ce) | Ce (%) | SiO2 (ppm) | |
| (Y,Gd)AG | 12.6 | 0 | 0.22 | 1000 |
| YAG | 0 | 0 | 0.25 | 1500 |
| (Lu,Y)AG | 0 | 50 | 0.25 | 2000 |
Under the given rate of heat addition and given UV exposure, using the identical setting before and after annealing, in 25-
Integrated thermoluminescence light is measured between 240 DEG C, it can be directly proportional with the defect density in material.It was found that the heat hair after annealing
The ratio between thermoluminescence before light and annealing is in the range of > 10, and such as at least 12.
Term " basic " herein, " basic " in such as " substantially all light " or in " being consisting essentially of " will be by
Those skilled in the art understand that.Term " basic " can also include the implementation with " entirely ", " fully ", " whole " etc.
Example.Therefore, in embodiment, adjective " basic " can also be removed.In applicable occasion, term " basic " be can also relate to
90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, especially 99% or higher, or even more particularly 99.5% or higher, including 100%.Term
" comprising " also contains the embodiment of term " includes " expression " being made from it ".Term "and/or" is in particular to before "and/or"
With one or more of the project being subsequently noted.For example, phrase " project 1 and/or project 2 " and similar phrase can be related to item
One or more of mesh 1 and project 2.Term " includes " can refer to " being made from it " in one embodiment, it is also possible to
Another embodiment middle finger " comprising type defined at least and optionally one or more of the other type ".
In addition, the term first, second, third and similar terms in description neutralization claim are similar for distinguishing
Element and not necessarily for description sequence order or time sequencing.It will be understood that the term used in this way is under suitable occasion
It is interchangeable, and the embodiment of invention described herein can be with suitable in addition to described herein or explanation sequence
Sequence operation.
The equipment of this paper is especially described during operation.Such as those skilled in the art it will be clear that, the present invention is not limited to
Equipment or operating method in operation.
It should be noted that the illustrative and not limiting present invention of embodiment mentioned above, and without departing substantially from appended claims
In the case where range, those skilled in the art will design many alternative embodiments.In the claims, any to be placed in bracket
Between appended drawing reference shall not be construed as limiting claim.Verb " comprising " and its paradigmatic use are not excluded the presence of and are removed
Element or step except those of listing in the claims.Article " one (a or an) " before element does not exclude the presence of
Multiple such elements.The present invention can be by means of the hardware including several different elements, and by means of the meter of suitable programmed
Calculation machine is realized.In the equipment claim for enumerating several components, several components in these components can pass through same item
Hardware realize.Enumerating the pure facts of certain measures in mutually different dependent claims, be not offered as cannot be advantageous
Ground uses the combination of these measures.
The present disclosure additionally applies for including one in prominent features being described in the de-scription and/or shown in the accompanying drawings
Or multiple equipment.The invention further relates to including in prominent features being described in the de-scription and/or shown in the accompanying drawings
One or more methods or process.
The various aspects discussed in this patent can be combined for providing additional advantage.Moreover, some in feature
The basis of one or more divisional applications can be formed.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of lighting apparatus (1), including solid state light emitter (10) and ceramic main body (100), wherein the solid state light emitter (10) is matched
It is set to the ceramic main body (100) and blue-light source light (11) is provided, wherein the ceramic main body (100) includes ceramic material
(120), the ceramic material is configured to the partial wavelength conversion of the blue-light source light (11) be yellow converter light
(101), to provide the white illumination equipment light (2) for including the blue-light source light (11) and the yellow converter light (101),
The white illumination equipment light (2) has the color dot selected from 0.18≤u'≤0.25 and the range of 0.42≤v'≤0.54, and
Wherein the ceramic material (120) includes (Y(1-y-q-z),Gdy,Luq,Cez)3(Al(1-x),Gax)5O12Ceramic material, 0≤x≤
0.6,0≤y≤0.5,0≤q < 1 and 0.001≤z≤0.06,
Wherein the ceramic main body (100) can get by a process, and the process includes: sintering stage, the sintering stage
Including in the first atmosphere, in 1500-2000 DEG C of range at a temperature of sintering starting material mixture to provide
Through being sintered main body (100a)；Followed by annealing stage, the annealing stage is included in the second atmosphere, in 1000-1600
DEG C range at a temperature of annealing to provide the ceramic main body (100), wherein first atmosphere and second gas
Atmosphere is different, and wherein first atmosphere includes neutral or oxidizing atmosphere, and second atmosphere includes reducing atmosphere.
2. lighting apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein 0.0≤x≤0.5,0.05≤y≤0.2 and 0.0015≤
Z≤0.03, and wherein the blue-light source light (11) has the dominant wavelength of the range selected from 430-450 nm.
3. lighting apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light source includes light-emitting area (12), it is described to shine
Surface configuration is at away from the distance (d) of the ceramic main body (100) equal to or less than 1mm.
4. lighting apparatus (1) according to claim 3, wherein the light source includes and the ceramic main body (100) physics
The light-emitting area (12) of contact.
5. lighting apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2, including multiple solid state light emitters (10), wherein the ceramics
Main body (100) is elongated ceramic main body (100), and the elongated ceramic main body, which has, limits the elongated ceramic main body (100)
The first face (141) and the second face (142) of length (L), the elongated ceramic main body (100) include one or more radiation inputs
Face (111) and radiation exit window (112), wherein second face (142) includes the radiation exit window (112), wherein described
Multiple solid state light emitters (10) are configured to provide blue-light source light (11) to one or more of radiation input facets (111).
6. lighting apparatus (1) according to claim 5 further includes optical reflector (21), the optical reflector configuration
It in the downstream of first face (141), and is configured to reflect light back into the elongated ceramic main body (100), wherein described
Radiation exit window (112) is configured to perpendicular to one or more of radiation input facets (111).
7. lighting apparatus (1) according to claim 5, wherein the elongated ceramic main body (100) include at least 2 it is several
What demand factor, the geometry demand factor are defined as the area and the radiation exit window of the radiation input facet (111)
(112) area ratio, and wherein the lighting apparatus (1) further includes collimator (24), and the collimator configuration is described
The downstream of exit window (112) is radiated, and is configured to collimate the converter light (101).
8. lighting apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light source includes light-emitting area (12), it is described to shine
Surface includes electrode surface area (AL), wherein the ceramic main body (100) includes radiation input surface (111) and radiation outgoing
Window (112), radiation input surface include ceramic main body surface area (A), and the radiation exit window includes radiation exit window
Area (E), wherein 0.8≤A/AL≤1.2 and wherein 1≤E/AL≤1.5.
9. lighting apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the starting material includes SiO2。
10. the auto lamp (300) that one kind includes lighting apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims (1).
11. process of the one kind for the manufacture of ceramic main body (100), wherein the ceramic main body (100) includes (Y(1-y-q-z),
Gdy,Luq,Cez)3(Al(1-x),Gax)5O12Ceramic material (120), 0≤x≤0.6,0≤y≤0.5,0≤q < 1 and 0.001≤z≤
0.06, the process includes: sintering stage, and the sintering stage includes in the first atmosphere, is being in 1500-2000 DEG C of model
The mixture of starting material is sintered at a temperature of enclosing to provide through being sintered main body (100a)；It is described to move back followed by annealing stage
The fiery stage includes the annealing in the second atmosphere, at 1000-1600 DEG C to provide the ceramic main body (100), wherein described
First atmosphere is different from second atmosphere, and wherein first atmosphere includes neutral or oxidizing atmosphere, and described the
Two atmosphere include reducing atmosphere.
12. process according to claim 11, wherein the starting material also contains SiO2, and the wherein sintering rank
Section includes hot pressing.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| EP15156087 | 2015-02-23 | ||
| EP15156087.7 | 2015-02-23 | ||
| PCT/EP2016/053117 WO2016134995A1 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2016-02-15 | White phosphor converted led with stable flux output versus temperature |
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| CN107251244A CN107251244A (en) | 2017-10-13 |
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| CN201680011756.3A Active CN107251244B (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2016-02-15 | White emitting phosphor conversion LED with the flux output stable relative to temperature |
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| EP (1) | EP3262696B1 (en) |
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| WO2019008092A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | Light concentrator module |
| CN108443819B (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2021-02-26 | 上海小糸车灯有限公司 | Multifunctional and reusable automobile lighting device and lighting method thereof |
| JP6725774B2 (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-07-22 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Light wavelength conversion member and light emitting device |
| CN112470044B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2023-01-13 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | Optical wavelength conversion member and light emitting device |
| DE102018120112A1 (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2020-02-20 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Radiation-emitting component |
| WO2020123533A1 (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | Coherent, Inc. | High-radiance wavelength-agile incoherent light-source |
| WO2021052900A1 (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-03-25 | Signify Holding B.V. | High-intensity light source with high cri |
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| US10205066B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
| US20180026165A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
| JP6675411B2 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
| KR20170122780A (en) | 2017-11-06 |
| CN107251244A (en) | 2017-10-13 |
| EP3262696A1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
| WO2016134995A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
| KR102432725B1 (en) | 2022-08-17 |
| TWI693204B (en) | 2020-05-11 |
| JP2018514895A (en) | 2018-06-07 |
| TW201638048A (en) | 2016-11-01 |
| EP3262696B1 (en) | 2019-06-12 |
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