CN107248729A - A kind of novel liquid metal current-limiting apparatus and method - Google Patents
A kind of novel liquid metal current-limiting apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107248729A CN107248729A CN201710522333.4A CN201710522333A CN107248729A CN 107248729 A CN107248729 A CN 107248729A CN 201710522333 A CN201710522333 A CN 201710522333A CN 107248729 A CN107248729 A CN 107248729A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of novel liquid metal current-limiting apparatus and method, and described device includes current sensing means, breaker and liquid metal current limiter.First anode electrode, the first cathode electrode wherein in liquid metal current limiter and flow through the first electric current major loop under the first rectangular through holes, the liquid metal formation normal operating conditions of the second rectangular through holes;Second plate electrode, the second cathode electrode and flow through the first manhole, the second manhole liquid metal formation short trouble when the second current branch.The present invention is simple in construction, is particularly suitable for use in limitation mesolow field ac and dc systemses fault current, can trigger the starting the arc in time when detecting fault current, realize efficient current limliting, can help to mitigate the burden of the various electrical equipments such as breaker.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of circuit control, the event in high pressure, middle pressure or low voltage switch equipment is more particularly to limited
Hinder current technique field, more particularly to a kind of novel liquid metal current-limiting apparatus and method.
Background technology
The power system of current China is just constantly strided forward towards the direction of higher voltage grade and more large capacity transmission, is increasingly carried
High short circuit current flow and capacity of short circuit brings great threat to the safety and reliability of system, how fast and effeciently to limit
Short circuit current flow turns into the focus of current research.Current limiter is installed additional in the line both without the currently running mode of altering system,
There is the characteristics of protecting flexible again, be a kind of measure of ideal fault current limiting.Up to the present, applied to short circuit
Technology in terms of current limliting mainly has:Solid-state short-circuit fault current limiter, series connection current-limiting reactor, superconductive failure current limiter, PTC resistor limit
Stream uses large capcity breaker, limiting fuse and liquid metal current limiter etc..
Solid-state short trouble current limiting technique is a kind of current-limiting mode based on power electric component, mainly by conventional reactance
Device, power electronic devices (controllable power semiconductor device) and controller composition, but device for high-power power electronic exist than
Larger inherent loss, limits its use.
Series connection current-limiting reactor be than the more conventional method for current limliting, but be due to it in power network during normal work,
Electric energy can be consumed, unnecessary economic loss is caused.
Superconductive failure current limiter be it is a kind of it is active, from trigger-type, the new current limiter of self recovery, from 80 years last century
In generation, causes extensive concern after occurring.Application technology of the current superconductor in terms of large-power occasions not yet ripe, reliability
It is poor, further, since superconductor is longer by quenching state recovery time, it is difficult to meet in terms of automatic reclosing will
Ask, and limited by superconductor critical current and temperature, it is only hundreds of peaces to two kilo-amperes to make its rated current, also exist super
Conductor need to deposit in liquid nitrogen environment, the problems such as added losses are big in normal work.
PTC resistor current limiting technique using PTC thermistor short circuit current flow by when its resistance be in non-linear rising
Characteristic realizes current limliting purpose, but the major phase material of the thermistor is easily heated to be expanded, need to use heat and mechanical strength compared with
Good material is used as connector.In addition, when breaking down, the resistance of thermistor can be sharply increased, palpus pressure limiting device in parallel,
It additionally there are recovery time length, the problems such as service life is short.
The content of the invention
The present invention is the defect or deficiency for overcoming above-mentioned short circuit current limitation technology, proposes a kind of novel liquid metal current-limiting apparatus
And method, it can effectively suppress short-circuit current, improve the specified through-current capability of current-limiting apparatus, reduce the on-state of current-limiting apparatus
Loss, mitigates the burden of the various electrical equipments such as breaker.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of liquid metal current limiter, including insulation crust, insulating top cover and electricity
Pole, the electrode includes first anode electrode, the first cathode electrode, second plate electrode and the second cathode electrode;
The insulation crust, insulating top cover and first anode electrode, the first cathode electrode, second plate electrode and second
Cathode electrode one airtight cavity of formation;
The first anode electrode and second plate electrode are arranged on a side wall of insulation crust, first negative electrode
Electrode and the second cathode electrode are arranged on the another side wall of insulation crust;
Two pieces of insulating barriers are provided with the airtight cavity, two pieces of insulating barriers surround cavity and in its cavity
It is provided with movable insulation barrier and filled with liquid metal;The insulating barrier is provided with the first rectangular through holes and the first circle
Shape through hole, the movable insulation barrier is provided with the second rectangular through holes and the second manhole;First rectangular through holes
Relative and equal in magnitude with the second rectangular through holes hole heart, first manhole is relative with the second manhole hole heart and big
It is small equal;
The first anode electrode, the first cathode electrode and flow through the first rectangular through holes, the liquid of the second rectangular through holes
The first electric current major loop under state metal formation normal operating conditions;The second plate electrode, the second cathode electrode and flow through
The second current branch when the first manhole, the liquid metal formation short trouble of the second manhole.
It is preferred that, the packed height of the liquid metal higher than first rectangular through holes and the first manhole and
The height of second rectangular through holes and the second manhole, and whole cavity need not be filled up.
It is preferred that, the liquid metal is gallium-indium-tin alloy.
It is preferred that, first rectangular through holes and the second rectangular through holes are all higher than first manhole and second
The aperture of manhole.
It is preferred that, the aperture of first manhole and the second manhole is respectively less than 5mm;First rectangle is led to
The vertical direction of hole and the second rectangular through holes is entire widths respectively less than 10mm.
It is preferred that, the outside of the insulating barrier is provided with fixing lug boss, and the fixing lug boss is embedded into the insulation crust
Side wall in.
The present invention also provides a kind of novel liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, and described device includes current sensing means, breaker
With liquid metal current limiter;The liquid metal current limiter is connected with current sensing means and breaker.
It is preferred that, the current sensing means includes Rogowski coil, controller, trigger module, IGCT, diode, put
Electric capacity and electric discharge inductance;
The Rogowski coil input is connected with the first electric current major loop that first anode electrode is sealed in, and the controller is defeated
Enter end to be connected with Rogowski coil output end, the controller output end is connected with trigger module, the trigger module and IGCT
Trigger electrode is connected, and first cathode electrode is connected with breaker;
The discharge capacity is connected in series with electric discharge inductance, what the electric discharge inductance output end was sealed in second plate electrode
Second current branch is connected, and second cathode electrode is connected with the positive level of the IGCT, and the IGCT negative pole is put with described
Electric capacity, Diode series connection, the discharge capacity are connected with the diodes in parallel.
The present invention also provides a kind of method that current limliting is carried out using liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, and methods described is:
During circuit normal work, rated current is by by first anode electrode, the first cathode electrode and to flow through first rectangular
Shape through hole, the first electric current major loop of the liquid metal formation of the second rectangular through holes carry out through-flow;When short trouble occurs,
Controller is by judging that the current signal that Rogowski coil is transmitted exports trigger signal to trigger module, trigger module triggering IGCT
Conducting, makes discharge capacity electric discharge produce discharge current, discharge current is by by second plate electrode, the second cathode electrode and flowing through
The second current branch progress that first manhole, the liquid metal of the second manhole are formed is through-flow, flows through first circular logical
The liquid metal fluid column of hole and the second manhole rapidly attenuates and shrinks the starting the arc, and movable insulation barrier is in the presence of arc force
Move up, while flowing through the liquid metal of the first rectangular through holes and the second rectangular through holes also with the upper of movable insulation barrier
Shifting tapers into and shrinks the starting the arc, so that crushing failure at high speed and elongating arc arc column, realize efficient current limliting.
The present invention has following technical characterstic compared with prior art:
(1) movable insulation barrier is provided with the second rectangular through holes and the second manhole.Under circuit normal running conditions,
Rated current is mainly by the first electric current major loop where the second rectangular through holes, and second rectangular through holes in the loop are specified
Through-current capability is strong, and on-state loss is small, with good conductive capability.When short trouble occurs for circuit, by the electric current in circuit
Detection means detects fault current, and triggers the second current branch generation electric current, makes the liquid gold by the second manhole
Belong to fluid column and shrink the starting the arc, resulting arc force promotes movable insulation barrier to move up, and passes through the first electric current major loop second
The liquid metal of rectangular through holes also diminishes, so that it also shrinks the starting the arc, reaches the purpose of efficient current limliting.
(2) using liquid metal current-limiting apparatus limitation short-circuit current.Liquid metal as current-limiting apparatus electric conductor
Contact is not needed, it is deposited in a sealed cavity, and breaking course does not have arc-plasma ejection, when failure electricity
When stream is smaller, liquid metal current-limiting apparatus can recover automatically.
(3) current limliting process is accelerated using movable insulation barrier.There are two hole (the second rectangular through holes on movable insulation barrier
With the second manhole), the second rectangular through holes are larger, normal through-flow for carrying out, can not be timely when fault current is produced
The starting the arc, and add after less second manhole, the starting the arc can be triggered in time when detecting fault current, so as to add
The current limliting speed of the fast liquid metal current-limiting apparatus.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is liquid metal current limiter model schematic;
Fig. 2 is liquid metal current limiter model side sectional view;
Fig. 3 is sectional view of the liquid metal current limiter model along through hole direction;
Fig. 4 is that liquid metal current limiter is connected schematic diagram with current sensing means and breaker;
Fig. 5 (a)-Fig. 5 (e) is the operation principle schematic diagram of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus;
Fig. 6 is that the liquid metal for flowing through movable insulation barrier through hole shrinks starting the arc schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but not as a limitation of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, a kind of liquid metal current limiter, including first anode electrode 1a, the first cathode electrode
1b, second plate electrode 2a, the second cathode electrode 2b, insulating barrier 3, movable insulation barrier 4, insulation crust 5, insulating top cover 6.
First anode electrode 1a and second plate electrode 2a are arranged on a side wall of insulation crust 5, the first negative electrode electricity
Pole 1b and the second cathode electrode 2b are arranged on the another side wall of insulation crust 5;Insulation crust 5, the sun of insulating top cover 6 and first
Pole electrode 1a, the first cathode electrode 1b, second plate electrode 2a and the second cathode electrode 2b one airtight cavity of formation.It is closed
Two pieces of insulating barriers 3 are provided with cavity, two pieces of insulating barriers 3 surround cavity and movable insulation barrier is provided with its cavity
4 and filled with liquid metal 11;Insulating barrier 3 is provided with the first rectangular through holes 7 and the first manhole 8, movable insulation
Baffle plate 4 is provided with the second rectangular through holes 9 and the second manhole 10;First rectangular through holes 7 and the hole of the second rectangular through holes 9
The heart is relative and equal in magnitude, and the first manhole 8 is relative and equal in magnitude with the hole heart of the second manhole 10.
First anode electrode 1a, the first cathode electrode 1b and flow through the first rectangular through holes 7, the second rectangular through holes 9
The first electric current major loop under liquid metal formation normal operating conditions;Second plate electrode 2a, the second cathode electrode 2b and stream
Cross the second current branch during the liquid metal formation short trouble of the first manhole 8, the second manhole 10.
Further, the packed height of liquid metal is higher than the first rectangular through holes 7 and the first manhole 8 and second
The height of the manhole 10 of rectangular through holes 9 and second, and whole cavity need not be filled up, prevent from causing dress after the liquid metal starting the arc
Inside is put because pressure is excessive and damages.
It is preferred that, liquid metal is gallium-indium-tin alloy, is liquid under the metal normal temperature, but its fusing point is only 10 DEG C or so,
Freeze phenomenon during to prevent that low temperature from using, and can carry out auxiliary heating measures to it in use, such as be covered with heater strip.
Further, the first rectangular through holes 7 and the second rectangular through holes 9 are all higher than the first manhole 8 and the second circle
The aperture of shape through hole 10.The specific size of first rectangular through holes 7 and the second rectangular through holes 9 is needed according to voltage class and volume
Fixed through-flow grade specifically determines, when voltage class and it is specified through-flow higher ranked when, through hole section need are somewhat larger so that
On-state loss can be reduced;And in voltage class and relatively low specified through-flow grade, through hole section can be smaller, need to ensure
Temperature rise when its is specified through-flow meets Standard.
It is preferred that, the vertical direction that the first rectangular through holes 7 and the second rectangular through holes 9 are moved along movable insulation barrier 4
I.e. entire widths are shorter (entire widths of the first rectangular through holes 7 and the second rectangular through holes 9 are respectively less than 10mm), it is ensured that can
Dynamic insulation barrier 4 can cause two through hole to interlock as early as possible after moving, and voltage is improved by extruding electric arc;First rectangle is led to
The horizontal direction of the rectangular through holes 9 of hole 7 and second is that through hole length is longer, it is ensured that its through hole has larger cross-section, meets volume
Temperature rise is relatively low when fixed through-flow.The aperture of first manhole 8 and the second manhole 10 is generally less than 5mm, and less aperture can
The starting the arc can be triggered in time when detecting fault current.
It is preferred that, the outside of insulating barrier 3 is provided with fixing lug boss, and fixing lug boss is embedded into the side wall of insulation crust 5, uses
In fixed insulation dividing plate 3.
As shown in figure 4, liquid metal current limiter connects to form a kind of new liquid gold with current sensing means and breaker
Belong to current-limiting apparatus, its operation principle is as shown in Figure 5.
Wherein, current sensing means includes Rogowski coil, controller, trigger module, IGCT, diode, discharge capacity
With electric discharge inductance;Rogowski coil input is connected with the first electric current major loop that first anode electrode 1a is sealed in, controller input
End is connected with Rogowski coil output end, and controller output end is connected with trigger module, and trigger module is connected with IGBT group pole,
First cathode electrode 1b is connected with breaker;Discharge capacity is connected in series with electric discharge inductance, electric discharge inductance output end and the second sun
The second current branch connection that pole electrode 2a is sealed in, the second cathode electrode 2b is connected with the positive level of the IGCT, IGCT negative pole
It is connected with discharge capacity, Diode series, discharge capacity is connected with diodes in parallel.
Shown in Fig. 5 (a), during circuit normal work, the first rectangular through holes 7 and second in liquid metal current limiter are rectangular
Shape through hole 9 is larger, and rated current mainly passes through the first electric current master where the first rectangular through holes 7 and the second rectangular through holes 9
Loop, the specified through-current capability in the loop is strong, and on-state loss is small, and with good conductive capability, liquid metal current-limiting apparatus is kept
Normal operating conditions.Now, major loop rated current In passes through the first electric current major loop liquid metal flowing current-limiting apparatus.
Shown in Fig. 5 (b), when short trouble occurs for circuit, the current sensing means in circuit detects fault current, by
Controller processing data, controller is touched by judging that the current signal that Rogowski coil is transmitted exports trigger signal to trigger module
Module triggering turn on thyristors is sent out, now discharge capacity discharges, and now discharge current passes through by second plate electrode, the second negative electrode
Electrode and the second current branch for flowing through the first manhole 8, the liquid metal of the second manhole 10 is formed.
Shown in Fig. 5 (c), with the increase of discharge current, the liquid at movable the second manhole of insulation barrier 10 is flowed through
The metal rapid desufflation starting the arc, produces air pressure, and movable insulation barrier 4 is moved upwards in the presence of arc force, insulating barrier 3
Then occur with movable insulation barrier 4 interlaced, so that the flow area of the second rectangular through holes 9 is reduced, promote the
The liquid metal of one electric current major loop also shrinks the starting the arc.
Shown in Fig. 5 (d), as movable insulation barrier 4 is moved upwards, insulating barrier 3 and movable insulation barrier 4 are interlaced
Distance it is increasing so that the flow area of the second rectangular through holes 9 further reduces, and electric arc is also increasingly longer, electric arc electricity
Resistance is increased, and starts to limit the first electric current main circuit current.
Shown in Fig. 5 (e), with moving up for movable insulation barrier 4, electric arc will be elongated further, increase arc resistance, together
When fault current begin to decline.Due to the mobility of liquid metal, liquid metal current-limiting apparatus can not provide lasting breaking shape
State, can not cut-off short circuit current flow, thus when fault current drop to breaker (CB) can be within the scope of disjunction when, major loop breaks
Road device (CB) is opened, and finally cut-offs short circuit current flow.
In summary, it is using the method for liquid metal current-limiting apparatus progress current limliting:
During circuit normal work, rated current is by by first anode electrode 1a, the first cathode electrode 1b and flowing through first
Rectangular through holes 7, the first electric current major loop of the liquid metal formation of the second rectangular through holes 9 carry out through-flow;Work as short trouble
During generation, controller is by judging that the current signal that Rogowski coil is transmitted exports trigger signal to trigger module, and trigger module is touched
Turn on thyristors is sent out, discharge capacity electric discharge is produced discharge current, discharge current passes through by second plate electrode 2a, the second negative electrode
Electrode 2b and the second current branch progress for flowing through the first manhole 8, the liquid metal of the second manhole 10 is formed are through-flow,
The liquid metal fluid column for flowing through the first manhole 8 and the second manhole 10 rapidly attenuates and shrinks the starting the arc, movable insulation stop
Plate 4 is moved up in the presence of arc force, while flowing through the liquid gold of the first rectangular through holes 7 and the second rectangular through holes 9
Category also tapers into and shunk the starting the arc with moving up for movable insulation barrier 4, so that crushing failure at high speed and elongating arc arc column, are realized high
Imitate current limliting.
As shown in fig. 6, in the liquid metal current limiter, because movable insulation barrier 4 has the second rectangular through holes 9 and the
The structure of two manholes 10, makes the liquid metal for flowing through its through hole have contraction-extended attribute so that aperture portion fluid column
The current density and magnetic flux density in section are strengthened, and the magnetic flux density of other positions is weaker.Aperture portion fluid column is by powerful
Long-range navigation magneticaction so that the liquid metal contraction at this is carried out quickly, Joule heat finally makes the liquid gold of this part
Belong to Quick-gasifying, its action effect is similar to fuse, with liquid metals at the second rectangular through holes and the second manhole
Contraction and gasification, electric arc starts to light and fast-developing, until being full of electric arc in whole cavity.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, therefore limitation of the scope of the invention can not be interpreted as,
It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some
Modification and improvement, these belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of liquid metal current limiter, including insulation crust, insulating top cover and electrode, it is characterised in that:
The electrode includes first anode electrode (1a), the first cathode electrode (1b), second plate electrode (2a) and the second negative electrode
Electrode (2b);
The insulation crust (5), insulating top cover (6) and first anode electrode (1a), the first cathode electrode (1b), second plate electricity
Pole (2a) and the second cathode electrode (2b) one airtight cavity of formation;
The first anode electrode (1a) and second plate electrode (2a) are arranged on a side wall of insulation crust (5), described
First cathode electrode (1b) and the second cathode electrode (2b) are arranged on the another side wall of insulation crust (5);
Two pieces of insulating barriers (3) are provided with the airtight cavity, two pieces of insulating barriers (3) surround cavity and in its cavity
Inside it is provided with movable insulation barrier (4) and filled with liquid metal (11);The insulating barrier (3) is provided with the first rectangle
Through hole (7) and the first manhole (8), the movable insulation barrier (4) are circular provided with the second rectangular through holes (9) and second
Through hole (10);First rectangular through holes (7) are relative and equal in magnitude with the second rectangular through holes (9) hole heart, and described first
Manhole (8) is relative and equal in magnitude with the second manhole (10) hole heart;
The first anode electrode (1a), the first cathode electrode (1b) and flow through the first rectangular through holes (7), the second rectangle lead to
The first electric current major loop under the liquid metal formation normal operating conditions in hole (9);The second plate electrode (2a), second the moon
Pole electrode (2b) and the when flowing through the liquid metal formation short trouble of the first manhole (8), the second manhole (10)
Two current branch.
2. liquid metal current limiter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is preferred that,
The packed height of the liquid metal (11) higher than first rectangular through holes (7) and the first manhole (8) and
The height of second rectangular through holes (9) and the second manhole (10), and whole cavity need not be filled up.
3. liquid metal current limiter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The liquid metal is gallium-indium-tin alloy.
4. liquid metal current limiter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
First rectangular through holes (7) and the second rectangular through holes (9) are all higher than first manhole (8) and the second circle
The aperture of shape through hole (10).
5. liquid metal current limiter according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
The aperture of first manhole (8) and the second manhole (10) is respectively less than 5mm.
6. liquid metal current limiter according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Broadside and movable insulation barrier (4) direction of motion in first rectangular through holes (7) and the second rectangular through holes (9)
It is parallel, and broadside is less than long side.
7. liquid metal current limiter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The outside of the insulating barrier (3) is provided with fixing lug boss, and the fixing lug boss is embedded into the side wall of the insulation crust (5)
It is interior.
8. a kind of novel liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, it is characterised in that:
Described device includes the liquid metal current limiter described in current sensing means, breaker and any one of claim 1 to 7;
The liquid metal current limiter is connected with current sensing means and breaker.
9. current-limiting apparatus according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:
The current sensing means includes Rogowski coil, controller, trigger module, IGCT, diode, discharge capacity and electric discharge
Inductance;
The Rogowski coil input is connected with the first electric current major loop that first anode electrode (1a) is sealed in, and the controller is defeated
Enter end to be connected with Rogowski coil output end, the controller output end is connected with trigger module, the trigger module and IGCT
Trigger electrode is connected, and first cathode electrode (1b) is connected with breaker;
The discharge capacity is connected in series with electric discharge inductance, what the electric discharge inductance output end was sealed in second plate electrode (2a)
Second current branch is connected, and second cathode electrode (2b) is connected with the positive level of the IGCT, the IGCT negative pole and institute
Discharge capacity, Diode series connection are stated, the discharge capacity is connected with the diodes in parallel.
10. a kind of method that current limliting is carried out using liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, it is characterised in that:It is specified during circuit normal work
Electric current is by by first anode electrode (1a), the first cathode electrode (1b) and flowing through the first rectangular through holes (7), the second rectangle
First electric current major loop of the liquid metal formation of through hole (9) carries out through-flow;When short trouble occurs, controller is by judging
The current signal of Rogowski coil transmission exports trigger signal to trigger module, and trigger module triggering turn on thyristors makes electric discharge electricity
Discharge capacitor produces discharge current, and discharge current is by by second plate electrode (2a), the second cathode electrode (2b) and flowing through first
The second current branch progress that manhole (8), the liquid metal of the second manhole (10) are formed is through-flow, flows through first circular
The liquid metal fluid column of through hole (8) and the second manhole (10) rapidly attenuates and shrinks the starting the arc, and movable insulation barrier (4) is in electricity
Moved up in the presence of arc power, while flowing through the liquid metal of the first rectangular through holes (7) and the second rectangular through holes (9)
The starting the arc is tapered into and shrinks with moving up for movable insulation barrier (4), so that crushing failure at high speed and elongating arc arc column, are realized efficient
Current limliting.
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CN108711841A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-26 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of fault current limitation unit and method for straight-flow system |
CN109637874A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-16 | 云南靖创液态金属热控技术研发有限公司 | Liquid metal current limiter |
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CN112531633A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-19 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) | Forced commutation loop and method of direct current breaker |
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