CN107248041A - A kind of river near-nature forest status evaluation method based on Ecology function division - Google Patents
A kind of river near-nature forest status evaluation method based on Ecology function division Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of river near-nature forest status evaluation method based on Ecology function division, comprise the following steps：(1) the corresponding river for carrying out near-nature forest status evaluation is selected；(2) reference point is chosen；(3) selecting index；(4) data normalization；(5) determination of weight；(6) determination of standards of grading；(7) near-nature forest situation in river judges.The present invention is using statistical method agriculture products layer weight; determine that method is more objective, simplicity; both sustainable development and ecological protection are taken into account, the result error that expert estimation or technical staff's experience may be brought is reduced again, it is consistent with the theory of China water quality zoning differentiated control.The present invention simplifies evaluation method, is easy to environment administrator to set up the standards of grading system of different water bodys rapidly, expands the scope of application of method by directly setting river near-nature forest status evaluation standard in destination layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of river near-nature forest status evaluation method based on Ecology function division.
Background technology
River ecological is degenerated turns into global environmental problem, by common concern both domestic and external.China is a river
Disturbed by different degrees of mankind's activity in the numerous country in river, the river for but having more than 2/3.With the rapid hair of social economy
Exhibition and the raising of national environmental consciousness, people carry out restoration of the ecosystem to degeneration river ecosystem or the requirement of recovery is increasingly compeled
Cut.Traditional river improvement engineering is more premised on able to resisting flood and drought, causes the horizontal and vertical connective variation in river, and then influence
The ecosystem health in river so that self-purification capacity, self-recovery ability and the Ecosystem Service reduction in river, in turn
Hinder the sustainable development of human society.River ecological Environmental Status how is scientifically and rationally evaluated, recovers the ecosystem in river
System function, is one of important environmental problem of current urgent need to resolve.
River near-nature forest status evaluation already turns into the foundation stone of river ecological Restoration goal-setting and Scheme Choice, and river is near
The proposition of natural concept more than 20 year so far, its intension and evaluation method mostly come from ecosystem health research, in the world
Assessment of river ecosystem health methodology is continued to develop, and is formd a series of evaluation methods differed from one another, is broadly divided into
Hydrology appraisal procedure, Water Quality Evaluation method, habitat appraisal procedure, BIOLOGICAL EVALUATIONIn method and comprehensive estimation method.Comparatively,
National river Ecosystem Health Assessment Study is started late, but has also gradually formed some appraisement systems, such as the Yellow River, Haihe River
The river health assessment system such as (including suburb of Beijing He Xi), the Changjiang river and the Zhujiang River.
China is in rapid economic development period, and the sustainable use for water resource is Sustainable Socioeconomic Development
Guarantee, put undue emphasis on exploitation or merely protect all worth choosing.Therefore, traditional urban river ecosystem health is indiscriminately imitated completely
Evaluation method, the need for have ignored human social to a certain extent, is not enough to embody the interior of " near-nature forest "
Contain, and it is not strong with the connecting of river ecological Restoration real-world objects.In addition, the near-nature forest appraisement system of the current relative maturity of China
It is primarily adapted for use in small-sized river small stream, it is impossible to the need for meeting the numerous river near-nature forest status evaluations of China.So, present invention introduces
Ecology function division result instructs the weight tax point of appraisement system, from science, universality, terseness and validity angularly
Evaluation index is chosen, simplifies evaluation rubric, to realize the degree and zoning differential management of China's surface water environment and optimizing impaired
The Target of Ecology Recovery of water body is laid a solid foundation.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of river near-nature forest situation based on Ecology function division
Evaluation method, this method aims to overcome that traditional river near-nature forest status evaluation method is taking into account sustainable development
Deficiency in exhibition and ecological protection theory, on the premise of science is ensured, simplifies evaluation method flow there is provided one kind based on life
The river near-nature forest status evaluation method of state function division.This method is on the premise of sustainable development is adhered to, by analyzing me
State's urban river ecosystem health situation, refines scientific and reasonable Ecological Indices, and the near-nature forest situation built suitable for river is commented
Valency method, the Target of Ecology Recovery of the impaired water body of degree and zoning differential management and optimization to realize China's surface water environment is beaten
Lower solid foundation.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of river near-nature forest status evaluation method based on Ecology function division, comprises the following steps：
(1) the corresponding river for carrying out near-nature forest status evaluation is selected, river refers to removing reservoir, lake, pond at this
All surface water bodies in addition, according to Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection《National basin water ecological function zoning handbook》, river will be evaluated and be divided into not
Same evaluation unit；
(2) reference point is chosen：Choose model section optimal in existing optimum state, i.e. region in the range of the same area；
(3) selecting index：Comprehensive domestic and international newest research results, in science, Objective, systematicness, independence, operation
On the basis of the selecting index principles such as property, selected in terms of hydrology-water quality, landforms, ecological characteristic it is separate, be easily obtained
Quantitative target；
(4) data normalization：It is min-max standardization (Min-max using deviation standardized method
Normalization), linear transformation is carried out to initial data, it is interval that all index results are fallen on into [0,1]；
(5) determination of weight：Refer to the weight that destination layer calculates each index using entropy weight composite index law, the weight of rule layer
Then the Ecology function division result based on river is determined.Destination layer score value is the weighted sum of all kinds of indexs of rule layer；
(6) determination of standards of grading：According to actual conditions, will evaluate water body natural situation be divided into 4 grades, i.e. nature,
Near-nature forest state, degeneration nature and degenerate state, the standards of grading of natural situation grade are set using frequency distribution method；
(7) near-nature forest situation in river judges：The standards of grading determined according to standards of grading step (6), combining assessment water body
Destination layer score value, judges its near-nature forest situation.
Preferably, the near-nature forest river in the step (1) refers to the ecosystem structure for meeting sustainable development requirement
The relatively stable river with function.
Preferably, the Ecology functional areas in the step (1) refer to the three-level subregion according to Ecology function division
As a result.
Preferably, model section optimal in the region in the step (2) can be for same river ecological in order
Section as reference, or the good river of the similar ecological ragime of areal selection nature, economic and social system
Some section.
Preferably, the quantitative target in the step (3) can be successional numerical value, or descriptive non-company
Continuous numerical value.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the deviation standardization in the step (4) is：1. when index is the bigger the better,2. when index is the smaller the better,Wherein, Yi is the value after conversion, and Xi is to turn
Value before changing, Xmax and Xmin are the maximum and minimum value in sample.
River near-nature forest status evaluation method according to claim 1 based on Ecology function division, its feature
It is：Destination layer is " river near-nature forest status evaluation " in the step (5), and " rule layer " is landforms, ecology, hydrology-water quality etc.
3 individual index layer set, " indicator layer " refers to specific landforms, ecology and hydrology-water quality parameter." entropy weight composite index law "
Calculation procedure is as follows：
(1) using each subregion index data as column vector, i × j matrix is constructed；
(2) the feature proportion (p of j-th of index, i-th of measured value is calculated by formula (1-1)ij)：
(3) entropy of each index is obtained by aspect ratio re-computation according to formula (1-2)：
(4) each index weights are determined finally according to formula (1-3)：
Preferably, " standards of grading that natural situation grade is set using frequency distribution method ", i.e. basis in the step (6)
The destination layer score value of reference point, takes it lower 5% to be set as degenerate state, lower 5%~50% for degeneration nature, 50%~
75% for near-nature forest state, upper 75% for nature.
Advantages and positive effects of the present invention are：
(1) Ecology function division theory is introduced river near-nature forest status evaluation system by the present invention, by evaluating water body
Ecological functions three-level division result, all kinds of indexs of destination layer are assigned with different weights.Meanwhile, it is true using statistical method
Determine indicator layer weight, determine that method is more objective, simplicity, both take into account sustainable development and ecological protection, expert estimation is reduced again
Or the result error that technical staff's experience may be brought, it is consistent with the theory of China water quality zoning differentiated control.
(2) present invention has given up traditional river and has been good for by directly setting river near-nature forest status evaluation standard in destination layer
Each index, which is set up, in health evaluation assigns the accurate method of minute mark, simplifies evaluation method, is easy to environment administrator to set up difference rapidly
The standards of grading system of water body, expands the scope of application of method.
Table 1 is Chinese parasol tree river mainstream section monitoring point longitude and latitude
Table 2 is Chinese parasol tree river mainstream section near-nature forest river course evaluation index and score value
Embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step beyond, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accessory claim and summary), unless specifically stated otherwise,
Can alternative features equivalent by other or with similar purpose replaced.I.e., unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is one to be
Arrange an example in equivalent or similar characteristics.
A kind of river near-nature forest status evaluation method based on Ecology function division, comprises the following steps：
(1) the corresponding river for carrying out near-nature forest status evaluation is selected, river refers to removing reservoir, lake, pond at this
All surface water bodies in addition, according to Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection《National basin water ecological function zoning handbook》, river will be evaluated and be divided into not
Same evaluation unit；
(2) reference point is chosen：Choose model section optimal in existing optimum state, i.e. region in the range of the same area；
(3) selecting index：Comprehensive domestic and international newest research results, in science, Objective, systematicness, independence, operation
On the basis of the selecting index principles such as property, selected in terms of hydrology-water quality, landforms, ecological characteristic it is separate, be easily obtained
Quantitative target；
(4) data normalization：It is min-max standardization (Min-max using deviation standardized method
Normalization), linear transformation is carried out to initial data, it is interval that all index results are fallen on into [0,1]；
(5) determination of weight：Refer to the weight that destination layer calculates each index using entropy weight composite index law, the weight of rule layer
Then the Ecology function division result based on river is determined.Destination layer score value is the weighted sum of all kinds of indexs of rule layer；
(6) determination of standards of grading：According to actual conditions, will evaluate water body natural situation be divided into 4 grades, i.e. nature,
Near-nature forest state, degeneration nature and degenerate state, the standards of grading of natural situation grade are set using frequency distribution method；
(7) near-nature forest situation in river judges：The standards of grading determined according to standards of grading step (6), combining assessment water body
Destination layer score value, judges its near-nature forest situation.
Preferably, the near-nature forest river in the step (1) refers to the ecosystem structure for meeting sustainable development requirement
The relatively stable river with function.
Preferably, the Ecology functional areas in the step (1) refer to the three-level subregion according to Ecology function division
As a result.
Preferably, model section optimal in the region in the step (2) can be for same river ecological in order
Section as reference, or the good river of the similar ecological ragime of areal selection nature, economic and social system
Some section.
Preferably, the quantitative target in the step (3) can be successional numerical value, or descriptive non-company
Continuous numerical value.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the deviation standardization in the step (4) is：1. when index is the bigger the better,2. when index is the smaller the better,Wherein, Yi is the value after conversion, and Xi is to turn
Value before changing, Xmax and Xmin are the maximum and minimum value in sample.
Preferably, in the step (5) destination layer be " river near-nature forest status evaluation ", " rule layer " be landforms, ecology,
3 individual index layer set such as hydrology-water quality, " indicator layer " refers to specific landforms, ecology and hydrology-water quality parameter." entropy weight is integrated
The calculation procedure of index method " is as follows：
(1) using each subregion index data as column vector, i × j matrix is constructed；
(2) the feature proportion (p of j-th of index, i-th of measured value is calculated by formula (1-1)ij)：
(3) entropy of each index is obtained by aspect ratio re-computation according to formula (1-2)：
(4) each index weights are determined finally according to formula (1-3)：
Preferably, " standards of grading that natural situation grade is set using frequency distribution method ", i.e. basis in the step (6)
The destination layer score value of reference point, takes it lower 5% to be set as degenerate state, lower 5%~50% for degeneration nature, 50%~
75% for near-nature forest state, upper 75% for nature.
Advantages and positive effects of the present invention are：
(1) Ecology function division theory is introduced river near-nature forest status evaluation system by the present invention, by evaluating water body
Ecological functions three-level division result, all kinds of indexs of destination layer are assigned with different weights, meanwhile, it is true using statistical method
Determine indicator layer weight, determine that method is more objective, simplicity, above-mentioned assignment method both takes into account sustainable development and ecological protection, again
Reduction expert estimation or the result error that may bring of technical staff's experience, the theory one with China water quality zoning differentiated control
Cause.
(2) present invention has given up traditional river and has been good for by directly setting river near-nature forest status evaluation standard in destination layer
Each index, which is set up, in health evaluation assigns the accurate method of minute mark, simplifies evaluation method, is easy to environment administrator to set up difference rapidly
The standards of grading system of water body, expands the scope of application of method.
Practical example 1：
The specific descriptions of the present invention are carried out by taking the Chinese parasol tree river mainstream section of Heilongjiang Province Song Hua River one-level tributary as an example below.
(1) Xiaoxinanlin Mountains mountain range wise man Wen Shan is risen in Chinese parasol tree river, is located in Xiaoxinanlin Mountains southern foot massif and is transitioned into front of the mountains flat
Original place band.Complete 4763 square kilometres of water collection basin area, its Zhongshan District is accounted for below 80.5%, the Bao Quan ridges hydrometric station of drainage area
Into Plain, Song Hua River, 120 kilometers of mainstream section total length, under evaluating during section is concentrated on are imported at the farm Nan Tun of Chinese parasol tree river
Trip area, total length 58km.Chinese parasol tree river belongs to typical high latitude cold district river, 142 days or so freezeup period, spring arid,
Autumn flood, soil types is based on black meadow soils and peat mire soil, and vegetation pattern is based on the tree and grass coverage of farmland, secondly
For sanguisorba parviflora Takeda, trollflower, dogstail herbosa.River course two sides paddy field area steeply rises over 60 years, has occupied substantial amounts of
Wetland, but meadow and forest land area change are smaller, and on the whole, Chinese parasol tree river mainstream section upstream vegetation state is good, middle and lower reaches
Then there is the phenomenon that vegetation degeneration, cover degree of communities are reduced and species composition changes, reversal evolvement occurs for vegetational type；Chinese parasol tree
River mainstream section is only useful for 8, the small-sized drainage gate station of agricultural irrigation without Large Hydro-Junction engineering, dry, Zhigou 148,
Bridges and culverts 69；Middle and upper reaches are based on agricultural non -point pollution, and downstream is then based on sanitary sewage, industrial wastewater and farmland face source.Always
It, Chinese parasol tree river upstream mountain area section state of ecological environment is good, and middle and lower reaches section is then by different degrees of artificial disturbance, such as
Cultivation, adopt sand, herd, but artificial disturbance type is less.
(2) section is evaluated：Chinese parasol tree river mainstream Bao Quan ridges hydrometric station enters rivers section to evaluate section, including 10 allusion quotations to Nan Tun
The section of type, from the bottom up respectively Nan Tun, Chinese parasol tree river farm bridge, the team of Chinese parasol tree river farm 4, Oak forests, Chinese parasol tree river farm 8
Team, the team of Chinese parasol tree river farm 5, hill transom, the team of Bao Quan ridges farm 33, the team of Bao Quan ridges farm 2 and be S101 Chinese parasols tree river bridge (table
1)；
(3) reference point is chosen：According to field condition on-site survey result, the old Chinese parasol tree river for choosing Chinese parasol tree river mainstream middle and upper reaches is big
At bridge, double Feng great Qiao and 18 gulf drifts etc. 3 sections as near-nature forest status evaluation reference section；
(4) selecting index：Comprehensive domestic and international newest research results, in science, Objective, systematicness, independence, operation
On the basis of the selecting index principles such as property, selected in terms of hydrology-water quality, landforms, ecological characteristic it is separate, be easily obtained
Quantitative target.Wherein, hydrology-water quality index 5, including flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and clarity；Ecological characteristic
Index 9, including Forest and sod area ratio, buffer strip vegetation width, buffer strip vegetation and plant species diversity, cover degree, slow vegetation structure
Integrality (the tall shrub space vegetation number of plies), Riparian Zone access (the vegetation breach number for being more than 10 meters in 100 meters), bank zone vegetation
Cast shadow width, have masking the water surface account for water it is wide ratio, macrobenthos species diversity；Landforms index 7, respectively water
The wide river width ratio of depth, wide water, river width, water, the gradient, wriggle degree and artificial disturbance mode (table 2)；
(5) determination of weight：According to the special achievement of " 12 " water "《The function division of Songhua River Basin Ecology is studied "》,
Evaluate section all " Three River Plain Song Hua River downstream Plain cities and towns farmland river pattern ", it is raw that function is mainly maintenance agricultural
Production, and section landforms, ecological characteristic and hydrology-water quality index are equal to the importance of agricultural production.Therefore, the 3 of rule layer
Class index is equal weight, and each assignment 1/3,21 quantizating index of indicator layer are then to calculate each index using entropy weight composite index law
Weight, refer to (table 2)；
(6) determination of standards of grading：According to the actual conditions for evaluating section, its near-nature forest situation is divided into 3 grades, i.e., closely certainly
Right state, degeneration nature and degenerate state.According to the destination layer score value of reference point, near-nature forest is set using frequency distribution method
The standards of grading of situation grade：﹤ 0.195 for degenerate state, [0.195,0.204) be degeneration nature, positioned at [0.204,
0.224) between for near-nature forest state, >=0.224 for nature；
(7) near-nature forest river regime judges：The standards of grading determined according to step (6) judge the near-nature forest of each evaluation section
Situation, as a result shows, the team of Chinese parasol tree river farm 8 and 5 groups of sections are in degeneration nature, and other 8 sections are in degeneration shape
State.
According to evaluation result, the ecological environment in old Chinese parasol tree river is in degeneration nature in reference point, and double Feng great Qiao are in
Drift about everywhere in near-nature forest situation in nature, 18 gulfs；Reference point near-nature forest ratio is more than 60%；Meanwhile, this example is in Chinese parasol tree
Tong He mainstreams middle and upper reaches section have chosen 2 typical cases and be damaged section (Cai Sha factories of crane Beizhen City and the sincere fishing ground of will), using this method pair
Its near-nature forest situation is evaluated.Evaluation result shows that the destination layer score value of Cai Sha factories of crane Beizhen City and the sincere fishing ground section of will is distinguished
For 0.1441,0.1230, its corresponding state of ecological environment is " degeneration ", and this is consistent with actual conditions.In summary, this example
Method reasonable.
General principle, principal character and the advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally
The principle of invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent is defined.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of river near-nature forest status evaluation method based on Ecology function division, comprises the following steps：
(1) the corresponding river for carrying out near-nature forest status evaluation is selected；
(2) reference point is chosen：Choose model section optimal in existing optimum state, i.e. region in the range of the same area；
(3) selecting index：Comprehensive domestic and international newest research results, in science, Objective, systematicness, independence, operability etc.
On the basis of selecting index principle, separate, determining of being easily obtained is selected in terms of hydrology-water quality, landforms, ecological characteristic
Figureofmerit；
(4) data normalization：It is min-max standardization (Min-max normalization) using deviation standardized method, it is right
Initial data carries out linear transformation, and it is interval that all index results are fallen on into [0,1]；
(5) determination of weight：Refer to the weight that destination layer calculates each index using entropy weight composite index law, the weight of rule layer then base
Determined in river Ecology function division result.Destination layer score value is the weighted sum of all kinds of indexs of rule layer；
(6) determination of standards of grading：According to actual conditions, water body natural situation will be evaluated and be divided into 4 grades, i.e. nature, closely oneself
Right state, degeneration nature and degenerate state, the standards of grading of natural situation grade are set using frequency distribution method；
(7) near-nature forest situation in river judges：The standards of grading determined according to standards of grading step (6), combining assessment water body target
Layer score value, judges its near-nature forest situation.
2. the river near-nature forest status evaluation method according to claim 1 based on Ecology function division, its feature exists
In：Near-nature forest river in the step (1) refers to that the ecosystem structure and function that meet sustainable development requirement are more steady
Fixed river.
3. the river near-nature forest status evaluation method according to claim 1 based on Ecology function division, its feature exists
In：Ecology functional areas in the step (1) refer to the three-level division result according to Ecology function division.
4. the river near-nature forest status evaluation method according to claim 1 based on Ecology function division, its feature exists
In：Optimal model section can be used as ginseng for the section of same river ecological in order in region in the step (2)
Examine, or areal selects some section in the good river of the similar ecological ragime of nature, economic and social system.
5. the river near-nature forest status evaluation method according to claim 1 based on Ecology function division, its feature exists
In：Quantitative target in the step (3) can be successional numerical value, or descriptive discontinuous numerical value.
6. the river near-nature forest status evaluation method according to claim 1 based on Ecology function division, its feature exists
In：In the step (4) deviation standardization calculation formula be：1. when index is the bigger the better,②
When index is the smaller the better,Wherein, Yi be conversion after value, Xi for conversion before value, Xmax and
Xmin is the maximum and minimum value in sample.
7. the river near-nature forest status evaluation method according to claim 1 based on Ecology function division, its feature exists
In：Destination layer is " river near-nature forest status evaluation " in the step (5), and " rule layer " is landforms, ecology, hydrology-water quality etc. 3
Individual individual index layer set, " indicator layer " refers to specific landforms, ecology and hydrology-water quality parameter.The meter of " entropy weight composite index law "
Calculate step as follows：
(1) using each subregion index data as column vector, i × j matrix is constructed；
(2) the feature proportion (p of j-th of index, i-th of measured value is calculated by formula (1-1)ij)：
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8. the river near-nature forest status evaluation method according to claim 1 based on Ecology function division, its feature exists
In：In the step (6) " standards of grading that natural situation grade is set using frequency distribution method ", i.e., according to the target of reference point
Layer score value, takes it lower 5% to be set as degenerate state, lower 5%~50% for degeneration nature, 50%~75% for it is near from
Right state, upper 75% for nature.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710440059.6A CN107248041A (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2017-06-12 | A kind of river near-nature forest status evaluation method based on Ecology function division |
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| CN108846572A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-20 | 江苏省环境科学研究院 | A kind of divided method that basin water ecological function division is coupled with ecomanagement |
| CN112488556A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-12 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Evaluation method, device and terminal for scoring consistency of bid evaluation experts |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108846572A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-20 | 江苏省环境科学研究院 | A kind of divided method that basin water ecological function division is coupled with ecomanagement |
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| CN112488556A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-12 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Evaluation method, device and terminal for scoring consistency of bid evaluation experts |
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