CN107244312A - Electrical changing station and controller for electric consumption, method are changed in order - Google Patents

Abstract

Change controller for electric consumption, method the present invention relates to electrical changing station and in order, what methods described included obtaining electric automobile in special time period changes electric request；According to the electricity computational methods that energy battery is respectively carried in default each default subdivision period electrical changing station, based on default constraints and default optimization aim, the optimal electricity that changes is generated using heuritic approach and asks allocative decision.Compared with prior art, the present invention is provided electrical changing station and change controller for electric consumption, method in order, can control electric automobile to carry out dynamic battery changing in an orderly manner, reduce grid loss and load impact.

Description

Swapping station and orderly swapping control device and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle battery swapping, in particular to a battery swapping station and an orderly battery swapping control device and method.

Background technique

The battery swapping station is an energy station that provides charging and quick replacement of the power battery of the electric vehicle. It can realize the rapid energy replenishment of the electric vehicle, and the replaced power battery can also be used as an energy storage node. However, there are time and space uncertainties in the demand for battery swapping of electric vehicles. When a large number of electric vehicles enter the swapping station for disorderly swapping, the charging load of large-scale swapping batteries will be very high, which will cause great damage to the power grid. impact, increasing the difficulty of power grid operation control. At the same time, it will also affect the normal operation of the power station.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, that is, to solve the technical problem that the disorderly battery swap mode of electric vehicles affects the normal operation of the power swap station and the power grid, the present invention provides a method and device for orderly battery swap control, and also provides A power exchange station including the orderly power exchange control device.

In the first aspect, the technical solution of an orderly battery replacement control method in the present invention is:

The methods include:

Obtain the battery replacement request of electric vehicles within a specific time period;

According to the power calculation method of each energy-carrying battery in the power-swapping station in each preset subdivision period, and based on the preset constraint conditions and preset optimization goals, a heuristic algorithm is used to generate the optimal power-swapping request allocation scheme;

in:

The power change request includes the set latest time for power change and the lower limit of the battery power expected to be replaced;

The preset subdivided time periods are each time period divided into the specific time period according to the length of the set time period;

The power calculation method of each energy-carrying battery in the power-swapping station is a method of calculating the state of all energy-carrying batteries in the power-swapping station in the current subdivision period based on the state of all the energy-carrying batteries in the power-swapping station in the previous subdivision period and the charging rate of each charging station ;

The battery swap request allocation scheme includes the allocated battery swap time, the allocated charging station of the energy-carrying battery, and the charging rate of each charging station in each preset subdivision period.

Further, a preferred technical solution provided by the present invention is:

The heuristic algorithm includes a Monte Carlo tree search method, or a particle swarm algorithm, or a genetic algorithm, or a simulated annealing algorithm.

Further, a preferred technical solution provided by the present invention is:

The method for calculating the electric quantity of each energy-carrying battery in the power exchange station is:

When the power exchange station does not change power at time t in a specific period of time, the calculation formula for the power of each energy-carrying battery is as follows:

Among them, SOC _b (t) is the state of charge of the energy-carrying battery on the b-th charging station at time t; SOC _b (t-1) is the state of charge of the energy-carrying battery on the b-th charging station at time t-1; Rc _b (t-1) is the charging rate of the bth charging station at time t-1, 1≤b≤No_bat, t≥1; Δt is the change time interval of the charging rate;

When the battery swap occurs at time t in a specific period of time, the calculation formula for the power of each energy-carrying battery is shown in the following formula:

Among them, swap _req (n).SOC _empty is the state of charge of the energy-carrying battery replaced from the electric vehicle after the nth battery swap request is satisfied within a specific time period, n≥1; J is the bth diagonal The unit diagonal matrix whose line elements are 0 and the rest of the diagonal elements are 1; J′ is the unit diagonal matrix whose bth diagonal elements are 1 and the rest of the diagonal elements are 0.

Further, a preferred technical solution provided by the present invention is:

The preset optimization goal is a single optimization goal G _s or a combined optimization goal G _c ; wherein, the combined optimization goal includes a plurality of single optimization goals, and the combined optimization goal G _c is shown in the following formula:

G _c ＝w ₁ G _1s +...w _i G _is ...+w _m G _ms

Wherein, the G _{is is} the i-th single optimization goal of the combined optimization goal G _c , and the w _i is the weight of the single optimization goal G _is .

Further, a preferred technical solution provided by the present invention is:

The single optimization goal is the latest battery change time included in the battery change request, and the time difference between the power change request corresponding to the power change request and the power change time is the largest; or,

The single optimization goal is to maximize the state of charge margin of the allocated energy-carrying battery in the power exchange request allocation scheme; or,

The single optimization objective is to minimize the variance of the load curve of the power grid after the power-swapping station charges the energy-carrying battery replaced by the electric vehicle.

Further, a preferred technical solution provided by the present invention is:

The preset constraint conditions include the latest battery replacement time, the lower limit of the battery power expected to be replaced and the constraint condition of charging rate.

Further, a preferred technical solution provided by the present invention is:

The charging rate constraints are shown in the following formula:

Wherein, the Rc _b (t) is the battery charging rate corresponding to the bth charging station at time t of a specific time period, 1≤b≤No_bat, No_bat is the total number of charging stations, t≥1;

The B _C is the capacity of the energy-carrying battery; the Rpower is the preset rated power; the Rc _th is the preset battery charge rate threshold.

In the second aspect, the technical solution of an orderly battery replacement control device in the present invention is:

The devices include:

The battery replacement request acquisition module is configured to obtain the battery replacement request of the electric vehicle within a specific time period;

The power swap request allocation scheme generation module is configured to use a heuristic algorithm based on the power calculation method of each energy-carrying battery in the swap station in each preset subdivision period, based on preset constraints and preset optimization goals Generate the optimal power replacement request allocation scheme;

in:

The power change request includes the set latest time for power change and the lower limit of the battery power expected to be replaced;

The preset subdivided time periods are each time period divided into the specific time period according to the length of the set time period;

The power calculation method of each energy-carrying battery in the power-swapping station is a method of calculating the state of all energy-carrying batteries in the power-swapping station in the current subdivision period based on the state of all the energy-carrying batteries in the power-swapping station in the previous subdivision period and the charging rate of each charging station ;

The battery swap request allocation scheme includes the allocated battery swap time, the allocated charging station of the energy-carrying battery, and the charging rate of each charging station in each preset subdivision period.

In the third aspect, the technical solution of an orderly battery replacement control device in the present invention is:

The devices include:

a processor, configured to execute instructions;

The storage device is used to store a plurality of instructions; the instructions are suitable for being loaded by the processor and executing each step in the method for controlling battery replacement in order described in the above technical solution.

In the fourth aspect, a technical solution of a power station replacement in the present invention is:

The switching station includes a power battery replacement system, and the power battery replacement system includes the orderly battery replacement control device described in the above technical solution.

Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution has at least the following beneficial effects:

1. An orderly battery replacement control method provided by the present invention is based on the calculation method of the power of each energy-carrying battery in the battery replacement station in each preset subdivision period, based on preset constraints and preset optimization goals , using a heuristic algorithm to generate the optimal battery swap request allocation scheme, which can avoid disorderly charging behaviors such as simultaneous battery swaps of large-scale electric vehicles.

2. In the orderly battery swap control device provided by the present invention, its power swap request allocation plan generation module can calculate the power of each energy-carrying battery in the swap station according to the preset subdivision periods, based on the preset Based on the constraint conditions and preset optimization goals, the heuristic algorithm is used to generate the optimal battery replacement request allocation scheme, so as to realize the orderly battery replacement of electric vehicles.

3. In another sequential battery swap control device provided by the present invention, its processor can execute each step of the above sequential battery swap control method, which is beneficial to the implementation and application of the sequential battery swap control method.

4. A power exchange station provided by the present invention, which includes the orderly battery exchange control device described in the above technical solution, which can perform orderly battery exchange for electric vehicles entering the exchange station.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an implementation flow chart of an orderly battery replacement control method in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an orderly battery replacement control device in an embodiment of the present invention;

Among them, 11: battery replacement request acquisition module; 12: battery replacement request allocation scheme generation module.

detailed description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

The disorderly swapping of large-scale electric vehicles by the swap station will not only affect the design margins of rated power and floor space in the planning process of the swap station, as well as the operation and management capabilities of the swap station, but will also cause relatively large damage to the power grid. load shock. Therefore, the orderly battery replacement of electric vehicles has become an urgent technical problem in the field of battery replacement technology for electric vehicles. Considering the battery replacement requirements of electric vehicles, such as battery replacement time and the state of charge of the battery after replacement, there are certain limitations. Flexibility can provide a schedulable space for the orderly replacement of electric vehicles. Based on this, the present invention provides an orderly battery swap control method, which can maintain the stable operation of the swap station and reduce the load impact of the power grid on the premise of meeting the battery swap requirements of electric vehicles. At the same time, in order to facilitate the distinction and description, the vehicle-mounted power battery of an electric vehicle is expressed as a "power battery" in this paper, and the power battery replaced from an electric vehicle for independent charging is expressed as an "energy-carrying battery".

An orderly battery replacement control method in the embodiment of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, specifically:

Figure 1 exemplarily shows the implementation process of the method for orderly battery replacement control in this embodiment. As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, orderly battery replacement of electric vehicles can be performed according to the following steps:

Step S101: Obtain the battery replacement request of the electric vehicle within a specific time period.

In this embodiment, the specific time period may be a time period of any length, for example, the specific time period may be 06-18 o'clock or 00-24 o'clock in China Standard Time. The battery replacement request of an electric vehicle refers to a battery replacement request initiated by an electric vehicle within a specific time period in a preset area, which may include the set latest battery replacement time and the lower limit of the battery power expected to be replaced. Among them, the preset area can be the largest service area that the battery swapping station can provide, that is, electric vehicles in the largest service area can initiate a battery replacement request to the battery swapping station corresponding to the largest service area, and perform power battery replacement at the battery swapping station .

Step S102: According to the power calculation method of each energy-carrying battery in the power-swapping station in each preset subdivision period, based on the preset constraint conditions and preset optimization goals, use a heuristic algorithm to generate the optimal power-swapping request distribution plan.

In this embodiment, each preset subdivision time period is each time period that is divided into specific time periods according to the length of the set time period. For example, the length of the set time period can be 1 minute, and then the specific time period is 00-24 of China Standard Time. In the case of hours, the specific time period includes 1440 subdivided periods with a duration of 1 minute.

The method for calculating the power of each energy-carrying battery in this embodiment is a method of calculating the state of all energy-carrying batteries in the substation in the current subdivision period based on the state of all the energy-carrying batteries in the substation in the previous subdivision period and the charging rate of each charging station. Wherein, the charging station refers to an area where the energy-carrying battery is charged, and charging facilities are arranged in the area to charge the energy-carrying battery. At the same time, one or more charging stations may be included in the battery swapping station.

Specifically, when the power exchange station does not change power at time t in a specific period of time, the calculation formula for the power of each energy-carrying battery is shown in the following formula (1):

The meanings of the parameters in formula (1) are:

SOC _b (t) is the state of charge of the battery on the _b -th charging station in the t-th subdivision period; The state of charge of the battery; Rc _b (t-1) is the charging rate of the bth charging station in the t-1th subdivision period, 1≤b≤No_bat, t≥1; Δt is the change time interval of the charging rate .

When the battery swap occurs in the t-th subdivision period of a specific time period, the calculation formula of the power of each energy-carrying battery is shown in the following formula (2):

The meanings of the parameters in formula (2) are:

swap _req(n) .SOC _empty is the state of charge of the energy-carrying battery replaced from the electric vehicle after the nth battery swap request is satisfied within a specific time period, n≥1; J is the bth diagonal element is 0, and the other diagonal elements are 1; J′ is a unit diagonal matrix whose b diagonal elements are 1, and the rest of the diagonal elements are 0. At this time, the tth subdivision period is the actual replacement time t _swap of the power battery of the electric vehicle, and SOC _b (t-1) is the actual value of the state of charge of the energy-carrying battery replaced on the electric vehicle.

In this embodiment, the space state equations shown in formulas (1) and (2) can be used to describe the battery swapping behavior of electric vehicles that occurs within a specific time period in the preset area, that is, it can be described that the battery swapping station occurs within a specific time period The dynamic process of battery replacement behavior.

Further, the preset constraint conditions in this embodiment may include the latest battery replacement time, the lower limit of the battery power expected to be replaced, and the constraint conditions of charging rate.

in:

The latest battery replacement time refers to the latest time for battery replacement of electric vehicles, which can be shown in the following formula (3):

t _swap < t _{req_deadline} (3)

The meanings of the parameters in formula (3) are:

t _swap is the actual replacement time of the power battery of the electric vehicle, and t _{req_deadline} is the latest battery replacement time included in the battery replacement request.

The lower limit of the power expected to replace the energy-carrying battery refers to the minimum value of the power of the energy-carrying battery replaced on the electric vehicle, which can be shown in the following formula (4):

SOC _full >SOC _req (4)

The meanings of the parameters in formula (4) are:

SOC _full is the actual value of the state of charge of the energy-carrying battery replaced on the electric vehicle, and SOC _req is the lower limit of the expected energy of the energy-carrying battery replaced on the electric vehicle contained in the power-swapping request.

The charging rate constraint condition means that the sum of the charging rate of the energy-carrying battery and the product of the battery capacity of the energy-carrying battery is not greater than the rated power of the power station. At the same time, the charge rate of the energy-carrying battery is less than the preset charge rate threshold, and the value of the charge rate is a limited number of discrete values. Specifically, it can be shown in the following formula (5):

The meanings of the parameters in formula (5) are:

Rc _b (t) is the charging rate of the battery corresponding to the bth charging station at time t of a specific period of time, 1≤b≤No_bat, No_bat is the total number of charging stations, t≥1; B _C is the energy-carrying battery Capacity; Rpower is the preset rated power; Rc _th is the preset battery charge rate threshold.

Further, the preset optimization goal in this embodiment may be a single optimization goal G _s , or a combined optimization goal G _c . Among them, the combined optimization objective can include multiple single optimization objectives, as shown in the following formula (6):

G _c ＝w ₁ G _1s +,...,w _i G _is ,...,+w _m G _ms (6)

The meanings of the parameters in formula (6) are:

G _is the i-th single optimization objective of the combined optimization objective G _c , and wi is the weight of the single optimization objective G _is . Wherein, the weights of any two single optimization objectives may be the same or different.

In this embodiment, the single optimization objective may be the first optimization objective, the second optimization objective or the third optimization objective. Correspondingly, the combined optimization objective may be a combination of the first optimization objective and the second optimization objective, or a combination of the first optimization objective and the third optimization objective, or a combination of the second optimization objective and the third optimization objective.

in:

The first optimization goal is that the time difference between the latest battery swap time contained in the battery swap request and the battery swap request corresponding to the battery swap request is the largest, that is, the average waiting time of users is the shortest. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first optimization objective may be that the sum of the time differences between the latest battery replacement time contained in multiple battery replacement requests and the power replacement request corresponding to each power replacement request is the largest. , which can be shown in the following formula (7):

The meanings of the parameters in formula (7) are:

t _{swap_m} and t _{req_deadline_m} are respectively the battery swap request corresponding to the mth battery swap request and the latest battery swap time included, and Sum is the total number of battery swap requests.

The second optimization objective is to maximize the SOC margin of the energy-carrying battery allocated in the power swap request allocation scheme. Specifically, the second optimization goal in this embodiment may be the maximum sum of the state-of-charge margins of the allocated energy-carrying batteries in the power-swap request allocation scheme for multiple power-swap requests, which may be shown in the following formula (8): :

The meanings of the parameters in formula (8) are:

M _{soc_c} is the state-of-charge margin of the c-th energy-carrying battery replaced to an electric vehicle, 1≤c≤R, and R is the total number of energy-carrying batteries replaced to an electric vehicle.

The third optimization objective is to minimize the variance of the load curve of the power grid after the power station charges the energy-carrying battery replaced by the electric vehicle. Specifically, the third optimization objective in this embodiment may be to minimize the variance of the load curve of the power grid after the energy-carrying batteries replaced by the electric vehicles corresponding to the multiple power replacement requests are charged.

The battery swap request allocation scheme in this embodiment includes the allocated battery swap time, the allocated charging station of the energy-carrying battery, and the charging rate of each charging station in each preset subdivision period. Wherein, the battery replacement request allocation battery replacement time is the actual power battery replacement time of the electric vehicle after responding to the battery replacement request. The charging station of the allocated energy-carrying battery refers to the charging station for charging the battery replaced by the electric vehicle.

In this embodiment, for N battery replacement requests within a specific time period, the complexity of obtaining the optimal power replacement request allocation scheme is M ^No_bat × K × N, where K is the total number of subdivided periods within a specific time period , No_bat is the total number of charging stations. For example, if the specific time period is set as 24 hours in total from 00 to 24:00 China standard time, and the time length of each subdivided period is 1 minute, then the total number of subdivided time periods in this specific time period K=60×24=1440 . At the same time, set the number of charging stations No_bat=5, and the dispersion of the charge rate of each energy-carrying battery is 3, then the charge rate of the energy-carrying battery corresponding to the 5 charging stations includes 3 ⁵ =243 combinations. To sum up, when the number of battery swap requests N=100, the problem complexity of obtaining the optimal battery swap request allocation scheme is 243×1440×100=34992000. In the case of the above-mentioned huge complexity, the efficiency and accuracy of obtaining the optimal battery swap request allocation scheme will be greatly reduced. Therefore, in this embodiment, a heuristic algorithm is used to obtain the optimal battery swap request allocation scheme. Specifically, A Monte Carlo tree search method, a particle swarm algorithm, a genetic algorithm, or a simulated annealing algorithm may be used.

The following takes the Monte Carlo tree search method as an example to describe the implementation process of the method for controlling battery replacement in order in this embodiment. Specifically:

Step S201: Initialize the parameters of the Monte Carlo tree search method, specifically including: there is no battery replacement request from the electric vehicle at time 0 in a specific time period, and the output power of the charging facilities corresponding to all charging stations in the battery replacement station is 0.

Step S202: After obtaining the first battery replacement request, start the Monte Carlo tree search method. At the same time, since the battery swap request is the first battery swap request, in the optimal battery swap request allocation scheme: the assigned battery swap request allocation swap time can be the acquisition time of the battery swap request, that is, the electric vehicle Carry out battery replacement; the charging rate of the charging station of the assigned energy-carrying battery can be set according to the acceptable charging power of the energy-carrying battery.

Step S203: At the first moment after the first battery swap request is obtained, determine whether a new battery swap request is received, and if so, perform Monte Carlo tree search to determine the optimal battery swap request allocation scheme ,Specifically:

1. Select steps.

Starting from the state of the energy-carrying battery in the power-swapping station at the current moment, recursively select the optimization strategy for the optimization target under the premise of whether the power-swapping request arrives, until the last moment of a specific time period is reached. Among them, the optimal strategy is the power swap request allocation scheme.

in:

It is set that the arrival of the battery replacement request within a specific time period conforms to a specific probability distribution. In a preferred implementation provided by this embodiment, when the length of time contained in a specific time period is less than a certain value, that is, at most one battery replacement request occurs within the specific time period, it can be assumed that within the specific time period The probability of a battery replacement request occurring at each moment of , conforms to the (0,1) binomial distribution with a probability parameter of p, that is, the probability of a battery replacement request occurring is p, and the probability of no battery replacement request occurring is 1-p.

The state of the energy-carrying battery in the power-swapping station at different times can be determined by using the above-mentioned power calculation method of the energy-carrying battery.

2. Expansion steps.

If the optimization strategy selected in the selection step does not make the objective function of the optimization goal reach the global optimum, or the optimization strategy will make some battery replacement requests unsatisfactory, create one or more sub-nodes, that is, one or more charging power Adjust the method, and select a child node C.

3. Simulation steps.

Run a simulation output result from child node C. If the output result meets the preset constraint conditions, the function value of the optimization target corresponding to the output result is used as the evaluation value of the output result. If the output result does not meet the preset The constraint condition of the output result is set to 0.

4. Backpropagation step.

The evaluation value of the output result obtained by the simulation step is used to update the local optimization function value of the parent node of the child node C and all its ancestor nodes in the Monte Carlo search tree.

Repeat steps 1-4 to obtain the final optimization strategy of the optimization target at the current moment, and maintain a search tree with nodes with optimization function values.

Step S204: Use the method shown in step S203 to continue to determine the final optimization strategy of the optimization target at other moments within the specific time period, that is, the optimal battery swap request allocation scheme can be obtained.

In the above embodiment, although the various steps are described according to the above sequence, those skilled in the art can understand that in order to achieve the effect of this embodiment, different steps do not have to be executed in this order, and they can be performed at the same time ( Parallel) execution or execution in reversed order, these simple changes are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Based on the same technical concept as the method embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention also provides an orderly battery swap control device. The following is a specific description of the orderly battery replacement control device in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Figure 2 exemplarily shows the structure of the orderly battery swap control device in this embodiment. As shown in the figure, the orderly battery swap control device in this embodiment may include a battery swap request acquisition module 11 and a power swap request allocation scheme generation Module 12. Wherein, the battery swap request acquiring module 11 may be configured to acquire the battery swap requests of electric vehicles within a specific time period. The power swap request allocation plan generating module 12 can be configured to use heuristic calculation methods based on preset constraint conditions and preset optimization goals based on the power calculation method of each energy-carrying battery in the swap station in each preset subdivision period. The algorithm generates the optimal battery replacement request allocation scheme.

In this embodiment, the battery replacement request may include a set latest battery replacement time and a lower limit of the battery power expected to be replaced. Each preset subdivided time period is each time period that divides a specific time period according to the duration of the set time period. The method of calculating the power of each energy-carrying battery in the swap station is to calculate the state of all the energy-carrying batteries in the swap station in the current subdivision period based on the state of all the energy-carrying batteries in the swap station in the previous subdivision period and the charging rate of each charging station. The battery swap request allocation scheme includes the allocated battery swap time, the allocated charging station of the energy-carrying battery, and the charging rate of each charging station in each preset subdivision period.

Those skilled in the art can understand that the above-mentioned sequential battery replacement control device also includes some other known structures, such as a processor, a controller, a memory, etc., wherein the memory includes but not limited to random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable only Read memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, serial memory, parallel memory or registers, etc. Processors include but not limited to CPLD/FPGA, DSP, ARM processors, MIPS processors, etc. In order to unnecessarily obscure Embodiments of the present disclosure, these known structures are not shown in FIG. 2 .

It should be understood that the number of modules in Fig. 2 is only illustrative. According to actual needs, each module can have any number.

Based on the same technical concept as the method embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention also provides an orderly battery swap control device, which may include a processor and a storage device. Wherein, the processor can be used to execute various instructions. The storage device can be used to store a plurality of instructions, and the instructions can be adapted to be loaded by the processor and execute each step of the sequential battery swap control method in the above method embodiments.

The above embodiment of the storage device and the orderly battery swap control device can be used to execute the above example of the orderly battery swap control method. The technical principles, technical problems solved, and technical effects are similar, and those skilled in the art can clearly understand It is understood that, for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working process and relevant descriptions of the above-described orderly battery swap control process can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned sequential battery swap control method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

Those skilled in the art can understand that the modules in the device in the embodiment can be adaptively changed and arranged in one or more devices different from the embodiment. Modules or units or components in the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-assemblies. All features disclosed in this specification (including accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) and any method or method so disclosed may be used in any combination, except that at least some of such features and/or processes or units are mutually exclusive. All processes or units of equipment are combined. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.

Based on the above-mentioned sequential battery swap control device, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a swap station. Specifically, the switching station in this embodiment includes a power battery replacement system, and the power battery replacement system may include the orderly battery replacement control device described in the above device embodiments. In this embodiment, the orderly battery exchange control device can realize orderly battery exchange for electric vehicles at the battery exchange station, reducing power grid loss and load impact.

Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include some features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention. and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims of the present invention, any one of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

The various component embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art should understand that a microprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP) may be used in practice to implement some or all functions of some or all components of the server and the client according to the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention can also be implemented as an apparatus or apparatus program (eg, PC program and PC program product) for performing a part or all of the methods described herein. Such a program for realizing the present invention may be stored on a PC-readable medium, or may be in the form of one or more signals. Such a signal may be downloaded from an Internet site, or provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed PC. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc. does not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but those skilled in the art will easily understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for orderly battery replacement control, characterized in that the method comprises: Obtain the battery replacement request of electric vehicles within a specific time period; According to the power calculation method of each energy-carrying battery in the power-swapping station in each preset subdivision period, and based on the preset constraint conditions and preset optimization goals, a heuristic algorithm is used to generate the optimal power-swapping request allocation scheme; in: The power change request includes the set latest time for power change and the lower limit of the battery power expected to be replaced; The preset subdivided time periods are each time period divided into the specific time period according to the length of the set time period; The power calculation method of each energy-carrying battery in the power-swapping station is a method of calculating the state of all energy-carrying batteries in the power-swapping station in the current subdivision period based on the state of all the energy-carrying batteries in the power-swapping station in the previous subdivision period and the charging rate of each charging station ; The battery swap request allocation scheme includes the allocated battery swap time, the allocated charging station of the energy-carrying battery, and the charging rate of each charging station in each preset subdivision period. 2. The orderly battery swap control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heuristic algorithm includes a Monte Carlo tree search method, or a particle swarm algorithm, or a genetic algorithm, or a simulated annealing algorithm. 3. The orderly battery swap control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the method for calculating the power of each energy-carrying battery in the swap station is: When the power exchange station does not change power at time t in a specific period of time, the calculation formula for the power of each energy-carrying battery is as follows: <mrow> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mo>_</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mo>_</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&amp;Delta;</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Rc</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Rc</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Rc</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mo>_</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mrow> Among them, SOC _b (t) is the state of charge of the energy-carrying battery on the b-th charging station at time t; SOC _b (t-1) is the state of charge of the energy-carrying battery on the b-th charging station at time t-1; Rc _b (t-1) is the charging rate of the bth charging station at time t-1, 1≤b≤No_bat, t≥1; Δt is the change time interval of the charging rate; When the battery swap occurs at time t in a specific period of time, the calculation formula for the power of each energy-carrying battery is shown in the following formula: <mfenced open = "" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mo>_</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mo>_</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mi>J</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>swap</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>q</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> <msub> <mi>SOC</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mo>&amp;prime;</mo> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&amp;Delta;</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mfenced open = "[" close = "]"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Rc</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Rc</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>.</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Rc</mi> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mo>_</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> Among them, swap _req(n) .SOC _empty is the state of charge of the energy-carrying battery replaced from the electric vehicle after the nth battery swap request is satisfied within a specific period of time, n≥1; J is the bth diagonal The unit diagonal matrix whose line elements are 0 and the rest of the diagonal elements are 1; J′ is the unit diagonal matrix whose bth diagonal elements are 1 and the rest of the diagonal elements are 0. 4. The orderly battery swap control method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The preset optimization goal is a single optimization goal G _s or a combined optimization goal G _c ; wherein, the combined optimization goal includes a plurality of single optimization goals, and the combined optimization goal G _c is shown in the following formula: G _c ＝w ₁ G _1s +...w _i G _is ...+w _m G _ms Wherein, the G _{is is} the i-th single optimization goal of the combined optimization goal G _c , and the w _i is the weight of the single optimization goal G _is . 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The single optimization goal is the latest battery change time included in the battery change request, and the time difference between the power change request corresponding to the power change request and the power change time is the largest; or, The single optimization goal is to maximize the state of charge margin of the allocated energy-carrying battery in the power exchange request allocation scheme; or, The single optimization objective is to minimize the variance of the load curve of the power grid after the power-swapping station charges the energy-carrying battery replaced by the electric vehicle. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The preset constraint conditions include the latest battery replacement time, the lower limit of the battery power expected to be replaced and the constraint condition of charging rate. 7. The method for controlling orderly battery swapping according to claim 6, characterized in that: The charging rate constraints are shown in the following formula: <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mi>&amp;Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mo>_</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>Rc</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>C</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Rc</mi> <mi>b</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <msub> <mi>Rc</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> 2 Wherein, the Rc _b (t) is the battery charging rate corresponding to the bth charging station at time t of a specific time period, 1≤b≤No_bat, No_bat is the total number of charging stations, t≥1; The B _C is the capacity of the energy-carrying battery; the Rpower is the preset rated power; the Rc _th is the preset battery charge rate threshold. 8. An orderly battery replacement control device, characterized in that the device includes: The battery replacement request acquisition module is configured to obtain the battery replacement request of the electric vehicle within a specific time period; The power swap request allocation scheme generation module is configured to use a heuristic algorithm based on the power calculation method of each energy-carrying battery in the swap station in each preset subdivision period based on preset constraints and preset optimization goals Generate the optimal power replacement request allocation scheme; in: The power change request includes the set latest time for power change and the lower limit of the battery power expected to be replaced; The preset subdivided time periods are each time period divided into the specific time period according to the length of the set time period; The method for calculating the power of each energy-carrying battery in the power-swapping station is to calculate the state of all the energy-carrying batteries in the power-swapping station in the current subdivision period based on the state of all the energy-carrying batteries in the previous subdivision period and the charging rate of each charging station. ; The battery swap request allocation scheme includes the allocated battery swap time, the allocated charging station of the energy-carrying battery, and the charging rate of each charging station in each preset subdivision period. 9. An orderly battery replacement control device, characterized in that the device includes: a processor, configured to execute instructions; The storage device is used to store a plurality of instructions; the instructions are suitable for being loaded by the processor and executing the steps in the sequential battery swap control method of claims 1-7. 10. A power exchange station, comprising a power battery replacement system, characterized in that the power battery replacement system comprises the orderly battery replacement control device according to claim 8 or 9.