CN107240717A - High-temperature electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

High-temperature electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107240717A
CN107240717A CN201710253350.2A CN201710253350A CN107240717A CN 107240717 A CN107240717 A CN 107240717A CN 201710253350 A CN201710253350 A CN 201710253350A CN 107240717 A CN107240717 A CN 107240717A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
high temperature
carbonate
lithium ion
ion battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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CN201710253350.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张礼芳
李磊
王海涛
许辉
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Shenzhen OptimumNano Energy Co Ltd
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Shenzhen OptimumNano Energy Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710253350.2A priority Critical patent/CN107240717A/en
Publication of CN107240717A publication Critical patent/CN107240717A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention, which provides the borate ester added in a kind of high-temperature electrolyte and the lithium ion battery including the electrolyte, electrolyte or boranes high temperature additive, can not only suppress LiPF under high temperature6Decomposition, alleviate PF5With solvent reaction, CO, CO are reduced2Generation and electrolyte with hydrocarbon gas are consumed excessively, additionally it is possible to capture F, HF generation is reduced, so as to optimize the stability of positive electrode active materials and SEI films, the cycle performance of lithium ion battery is lifted.

Description

High-temperature electrolyte and lithium ion battery
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, more particularly to a kind of high-temperature electrolyte and using the electrolyte Lithium ion battery.
【Background technology】
As the electrolyte of ion transmission body between lithium ion battery plus-negative plate, it is necessary to possess high conductivity, wide electrochemistry Window and high thermal stability.Electrolyte is mainly made up of lithium salts, organic solvent and functional additive, and commonly using lithium salts includes LiPF6, It has high room-temperature conductivity, electrochemical stability good (not corroding collector), is soluble in carbonate based organic solvent etc. excellent Benign energy, but LiPF6At high temperature it is unstable it is easy decomposition and to trace water sensitive generate PF5, HF and LiF.HF causes active material Material dissolving and SEI films are unstable, cause reversible capacity decay and SEI films to be continuously generated, so as to influence battery performance.Together When, PF6 -And PF5Easily cause EC, PC equal solvent ring-opening reaction, generate CO, CO2, hydrocarbon gas and organic-inorganic lithium salts, cause Air pressure crosses ambassador's battery and breaks unlatching, leakage occurs and catches fire or even explode.
【The content of the invention】
LiPF can be suppressed by being included it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high-temperature electrolyte, in the electrolyte6Decompose Additive, also provides a kind of lithium ion battery using the electrolyte.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of high-temperature electrolyte, including lithium salts, solvent and borate ester Or boranes high temperature additive, and the high temperature additive accounts for the 0.5-5% of electrolyte gross mass.
In a preferred embodiment, the structural formula of the borate ester high temperature additive is
Wherein, R1、R2And R3For the one or more in alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate.
In a preferred embodiment, the structural formula of the boranes high temperature additive is
Wherein, R4、R5And R6For the one or more in alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate.
In a preferred embodiment, the lithium salts is LiPF6, and LiPF6Account for the 10-25% of electrolyte gross mass.
In a preferred embodiment, the solvent includes ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, propene carbonate and carbon Sour vinylene, and to account for the electrolyte total for the ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, propene carbonate and vinylene carbonate The percentage of quality is respectively 20-30%, 50-60%, 4-8% and 1-2%.
And propane sulfonic acid lactones accounts for electrolyte gross mass in a preferred embodiment, in addition to propane sulfonic acid lactones, 1-1.5%.
In a preferred embodiment, the halogen in haloalkyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate is F, Cl or Br.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery of the electrolyte including as described in any one in claim 2-3.
The high-temperature electrolyte that the present invention is provided can be used in lithium ion battery and improve its electrical property, and the electrolyte is added Borate or boranes high temperature additive can not only suppress LiPF under high temperature6Decomposition, alleviate PF5With solvent reaction, reduce CO、CO2Generation and electrolyte with hydrocarbon gas are consumed excessively, additionally it is possible to capture F-, HF generation is reduced, so as to optimize The stability of positive electrode active materials and SEI films, lifts the cycle performance of lithium ion battery.
【Brief description of the drawings】
Fig. 1 is the cyclic curve of the lithium ion battery obtained by a specific embodiment and comparative example.
【Embodiment】
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantageous effects become apparent from understanding, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and Embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that the specific implementation described in this specification Mode is not intended to limit the present invention just for the sake of explaining the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of high-temperature electrolyte, including lithium salts, solvent and high temperature additive.Specifically, the lithium salts For LiPF6, and LiPF6Account for the 10-25% of electrolyte gross mass.The solvent includes ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, carbonic acid Propylene and vinylene carbonate, and the ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, propene carbonate and vinylene carbonate account for institute The percentage for stating electrolyte gross mass is respectively 20-30%, 50-60%, 4-8% and 1-2%.The high temperature additive is boric acid Esters or borine type organic, and the high temperature additive accounts for the 0.5-5% of electrolyte gross mass.
The structural formula of the borate ester high temperature additive is
Wherein, R1、R2And R3For the one or more in alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate, Halogen in haloalkyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate is preferably F, Cl or Br.
The structural formula of the boranes high temperature additive is
Wherein, R4、R5And R6For the one or more in alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate, Halogen in haloalkyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate is preferably F, Cl or Br.
Above-mentioned borate ester or boranes high temperature additive include boryl anion receptor and Xi electricity functional groups, because boron is former Son is short of electricity minor structure, with the PF in electrolyte6 -Generation physics complexing, so as to suppress LiPF6Thermal decomposition.
Further, the electrolyte also includes propane sulfonic acid lactones, and propane sulfonic acid lactones accounts for electrolyte gross mass 1-1.5%.The propane sulfonic acid lactones, as the functional additive prepared in the prior art used in lithium ion battery, is also raising The high-temperature behavior of lithium ion battery serves positive role.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery, the electrolyte that the lithium ion battery is used include lithium salts, solvent and High temperature additive.Specifically, the lithium salts is LiPF6, and LiPF6Account for the 10-25% of electrolyte gross mass.The solvent includes Ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, propene carbonate and vinylene carbonate, and the ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, carbon The percentage that acid propylene ester and vinylene carbonate account for the electrolyte gross mass be respectively 20-30%, 50-60%, 4-8% and 1-2%.The high temperature additive is borate ester or borine type organic, and the high temperature additive accounts for electrolyte gross mass 0.5-5%.
The structural formula of the borate ester high temperature additive is
Wherein, R1、R2And R3For the one or more in alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate, Halogen in haloalkyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate is preferably F, Cl or Br.
The structural formula of the boranes high temperature additive is
Wherein, R4、R5And R6For the one or more in alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate, Halogen in haloalkyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate is preferably F, Cl or Br.
Further, the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery also includes propane sulfonic acid lactones, and propane sulfonic acid lactones accounts for electricity Solve the 1-1.5% of liquid gross mass.
Embodiment
In a detailed embodiment, the electrolyte by mass fraction be 15% LiPF6, 25% ethylene carbonate Ester, 50% methyl ethyl carbonate, 6% propene carbonate, 2% vinylene carbonate, 1% propane sulfonic acid lactones and 1% Three (pentafluorophenyl group) borines composition.Further, battery core is assembled using positive plate, negative plate and barrier film and injects above-mentioned electrolysis Liquid prepares 5.0Ah lithium ion batteries.Wherein, the positive plate includes the positive pole being made up of LiFePO4, conductive agent and binding agent Coating layer of active substance;Negative plate includes the negative electrode active material coating being made up of graphite, binding agent and conductive agent.
Comparative example
For play control effect, the electrolyte by mass fraction be 15% LiPF6, 25% ethylene carbonate, 51% Methyl ethyl carbonate, 6% propene carbonate, 2% vinylene carbonate and 1% propane sulfonic acid lactones composition.Likewise, Battery core is assembled using positive plate, negative plate and barrier film and above-mentioned electrolyte is injected and prepares 5.0Ah lithium ion batteries.Wherein, it is described Positive plate includes the positive active material coating being made up of LiFePO4, conductive agent and binding agent;Negative plate includes by graphite, glued Tie the negative electrode active material coating of agent and conductive agent composition.
It should be understood that the electrolysis that to be injection different of embodiment and the lithium ion battery difference prepared by comparative example Liquid, the difference of two kinds of electrolyte is to there are three (pentafluorophenyl group) borines in embodiment as high temperature additive, and comparative example is not In the presence of the high temperature additive.
Embodiment and the lithium ion battery prepared by comparative example are placed at a temperature of 60 DEG C, filled according to 3C multiplying power Discharge cycles.Test result is as shown in Figure 1, it can be seen that with the addition of three (pentafluorophenyl group) borines as the lithium of high temperature additive Capability retention of the ion battery after 50 weeks is 90.5%, without the capacity of lithium ion battery conservation rate of the high temperature additive For 84.17%.
The high-temperature electrolyte that the present invention is provided can be used in lithium ion battery and improve its electrical property, and the electrolyte is added Borate or boranes high temperature additive can not only suppress LiPF under high temperature6Decomposition, alleviate PF5With solvent reaction, reduce CO、CO2Generation and electrolyte with hydrocarbon gas are consumed excessively, additionally it is possible to capture F-, HF generation is reduced, so as to optimize The stability of positive electrode active materials and SEI films, lifts the cycle performance of lithium ion battery.
The present invention is not restricted to described in specification and embodiment, therefore for the personnel of familiar field Additional advantage and modification is easily achieved, therefore in the essence of the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range In the case of refreshing and scope, the present invention is not limited to specific details, representational equipment and shown here as the diagram with description Example.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of high-temperature electrolyte, including lithium salts and solvent, it is characterised in that:Added including borate ester or borine type high temp Agent, and the high temperature additive accounts for the 0.5-5% of electrolyte gross mass.
2. electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The structural formula of the borate ester high temperature additive is
Wherein, R1、R2And R3For the one or more in alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate.
3. electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The structural formula of the boranes high temperature additive is
Wherein, R4、R5And R6For the one or more in alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate.
4. electrolyte as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that:The lithium salts is LiPF6, and LiPF6Account for electrolyte total The 10-25% of quality.
5. electrolyte as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that:The solvent includes ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate Ester, propene carbonate and vinylene carbonate, and the sub- second of the ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, propene carbonate and carbonic acid The percentage that alkene ester accounts for the electrolyte gross mass is respectively 20-30%, 50-60%, 4-8% and 1-2%.
6. electrolyte as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that:Also include propane sulfonic acid lactones, and propane sulfonic acid lactones Account for the 1-1.5% of electrolyte gross mass.
7. electrolyte as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that:In haloalkyl, halogenophenyl, alkyl halide silicon substrate Halogen is F, Cl or Br.
8. a kind of lithium ion battery of the electrolyte including as described in any one in claim 2-3.
CN201710253350.2A 2017-04-18 2017-04-18 High-temperature electrolyte and lithium ion battery Pending CN107240717A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109980283A (en) * 2019-04-27 2019-07-05 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 Lithium-ion battery electrolytes and lithium ion battery containing the electrolyte
CN110010955A (en) * 2018-01-04 2019-07-12 珠海光宇电池有限公司 Lithium-ion battery electrolytes and lithium ion battery
CN111769326A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-10-13 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Ternary cathode material lithium ion battery electrolyte

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110010955A (en) * 2018-01-04 2019-07-12 珠海光宇电池有限公司 Lithium-ion battery electrolytes and lithium ion battery
CN109980283A (en) * 2019-04-27 2019-07-05 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 Lithium-ion battery electrolytes and lithium ion battery containing the electrolyte
CN111769326A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-10-13 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Ternary cathode material lithium ion battery electrolyte

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Application publication date: 20171010