CN107238549B - Method for measuring tar content in gas generated by biomass pyrolysis - Google Patents
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 185
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生物质热解产生的气体中焦油含量的测定方法。将准确质量的生物质mbiomass于设定热解条件进行热解，获得生物质热解气的常温、常压产气体积量，由此转化得到生物质热解所产生的热解气在标准状况下的体积V0，分析测定热解气中的体积组成yi，计算得到对应生物质热解所产生的热解气的气体质量mgas；并获得生物质热解后的残炭重量mC；按照以下公式计算焦油含量mtar：
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于能源技术领域，具体涉及一种生物质热解产生的气体中焦油含量的测定方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy, and in particular relates to a method for measuring tar content in gas produced by biomass pyrolysis.
背景技术Background technique
生物质燃气中焦油的含量对于燃气发电机组的保护以及燃气进一步深加工应用是一个重要的工艺指标，其测量准确性具有非常重要的意义。The content of tar in biomass gas is an important process index for the protection of gas-fired generator sets and the further processing of gas, and its measurement accuracy is of great significance.
目前，生物质燃气中焦油含量的测定方法主要是采用冷阱法，该方法是将夹带有焦油的燃气通过放在冰浴中装有有机溶剂的洗气瓶将燃气中的焦油溶解在有机溶剂中，通过测量洗气瓶洗气前、后的重量，便可知道对应燃气中焦油的含量的多少。该方法存在以下问题：当夹带有焦油的燃气通过有机溶剂洗气瓶时，溶剂以泡和蒸汽压的形式被燃气带走，导致冷阱洗气瓶收集焦油后的重量比没有洗气收集焦油前的重量还要轻，此时，通过差量法出现负值，因而，无法测得对应燃气流量是焦油的含量。At present, the measurement method of tar content in biomass gas mainly adopts the cold trap method. , by measuring the weight of the gas cleaning bottle before and after gas cleaning, you can know the content of tar in the corresponding gas. This method has the following problems: when the gas with tar entrained passes through the organic solvent scrubbing bottle, the solvent is taken away by the gas in the form of bubbles and vapor pressure, resulting in the weight ratio of the tar collected in the cold trap scrubbing bottle without scrubbing to collect tar. The previous weight is even lighter. At this time, a negative value appears through the differential method, so it is impossible to measure the tar content corresponding to the gas flow rate.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是为了解决目前生物质燃气中焦油含量的测定不准确甚至无法测量的问题，开发了一种用重量法间接测定生物质热解产生的气体中焦油含量的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the determination of tar content in biomass gas is inaccurate or even impossible to measure, and develops a method for indirectly measuring tar content in gas produced by biomass pyrolysis by gravimetric method.
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案：In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种生物质热解产生的气体中焦油含量的测定方法，将准确质量的生物质mbiomass于设定热解条件进行热解，获得生物质热解气的常温、常压产气体积量，由此转化得到生物质热解所产生的热解气在标准状况下的体积V0，分析测定热解气中的体积组成yi，计算得到对应生物质热解所产生的热解气的气体质量mgas；A method for measuring the tar content in the gas produced by biomass pyrolysis, the biomass m biomass of accurate quality is pyrolyzed under the set pyrolysis conditions, and the normal temperature and normal pressure gas production volume of the biomass pyrolysis gas is obtained, From this conversion, the volume V 0 of the pyrolysis gas generated by biomass pyrolysis under standard conditions is obtained, the volume composition yi in the pyrolysis gas is analyzed and measured, and the gas corresponding to the pyrolysis gas generated by biomass pyrolysis is calculated. mass m gas ;
并获得生物质热解后的残炭重量mC，and obtain the residual carbon weight m C after biomass pyrolysis,
按照以下公式计算焦油含量mtar：Calculate the tar content m tar according to the following formula:
式中：mbiomass为热解的生物质质量；mgas为对应生物质热解所产生的热解气的气体质量； mC为对应生物质热解后剩下来的固体残炭；V0为对应生物质热解时所产生的气体在标准状况下的气体体积。In the formula: m biomass is the biomass mass of pyrolysis; m gas is the gas mass of the pyrolysis gas produced by the corresponding biomass pyrolysis; m C is the solid carbon residue left after the corresponding biomass pyrolysis; V 0 is It corresponds to the gas volume of the gas produced during biomass pyrolysis under standard conditions.
按上述方案，所述对应生物质热解所产生的热解气的气体质量mgas的获得方法：According to the above scheme, the method for obtaining the gas mass m gas of the pyrolysis gas produced by the corresponding biomass pyrolysis:
通过生物质的热解气产气体积V0以及对应气体组份的体积百分含量来计算计算得到热解气的平均分子量
式中：mgas为对应生物质热解所产生的气体总质量，n为对应的生物质所产生的气体的总摩尔量(mol)，为所有气体的平均分子量(g/mol)，yi与Mi分别为气体中组份i的体积百分数(vol.％)与其对应的摩尔质量(g/mol)，j代表气体组份中气体的种类数。In the formula: m gas is the total mass of the gas produced by the corresponding biomass pyrolysis, n is the total molar amount (mol) of the gas produced by the corresponding biomass, is the average molecular weight (g/mol) of all gases, y i and M i are the volume percentage (vol.%) of component i in the gas and its corresponding molar mass (g/mol), j represents the gas in the gas component number of species.
V0为对应生物质热解时所产生的热解气在标准状况下的气体体积。V 0 corresponds to the gas volume of the pyrolysis gas generated during biomass pyrolysis under standard conditions.
按上述方案，所述热解气中的体积组成yi通过将收集到的热解气采用气相色谱分析获得。According to the above scheme, the volume composition yi in the pyrolysis gas is obtained by analyzing the collected pyrolysis gas by gas chromatography.
按上述方案，生物质热解气的常温、常压产气体积量采用排水法得到。具体为：提供用于测量生物质热解产气量的装置，包括依次通过气管连接的反应管，冷却装置，反应管的一部分位于加热装置内，冷却装置出口连接有气管，冷却装置出口的气管伸入倒扣的量气筒内，量气筒上设有刻度且位于水槽内，测量时，生物质位于反应管内，水槽内装有水、量气筒底部开口被水槽内的水液封；According to the above scheme, the normal temperature and normal pressure gas production volume of biomass pyrolysis gas is obtained by the drainage method. Specifically: a device for measuring biomass pyrolysis gas production is provided, including a reaction tube connected by a gas pipe in turn, a cooling device, a part of the reaction tube is located in the heating device, a gas pipe is connected to the outlet of the cooling device, and the gas pipe at the outlet of the cooling device extends Put into the inverted gas cylinder, the gas cylinder is provided with a scale and is located in the water tank, when measuring, the biomass is located in the reaction tube, the water tank is filled with water, and the bottom opening of the gas cylinder is sealed by the water in the water tank;
准确称取一定重量的生物质放入热解的石英管中，控制马弗炉的加热温度，并使放入热解物质样的那部分反应管暂时不在加热区内，待马弗炉的加热达到指定热解温度后，向反应管中通过惰性气体，将反应管中的空气置换干净，防止生物质热解时被空气所氧化，待反应管中的空气充分被排出后，停止惰性气体的通入，将放有待热解生物质样的那段反应管推入到马弗炉中的加热区中，与此同时，产生出的气体经过冰浴洗气瓶后，再通入到先前排走空气已装满水并倒立在水槽中的量气管中，直致没有气体产生为止，再将量气管内的水液面压至与量气管外的水槽液面保持一致，读取量气管的体积数，即为对应的热解生物质在指定温度下热解产生的热解气的常温、常压产气体积量，通过状态方程转化为标况下的体积数，即为对应生物质热解后所产生的标准状况下的体积数V0，用气相色谱分析系统分析量气筒中气体组份的体积组成yi。Accurately weigh a certain weight of biomass and put it into the pyrolysis quartz tube, control the heating temperature of the muffle furnace, and keep the part of the reaction tube where the pyrolysis material sample is temporarily out of the heating zone until the muffle furnace is heated. After reaching the specified pyrolysis temperature, pass inert gas into the reaction tube to replace the air in the reaction tube to prevent the biomass from being oxidized by air during pyrolysis. After the air in the reaction tube is fully exhausted, stop the inert gas. Pass in, push the section of the reaction tube containing the biomass sample to be pyrolyzed into the heating zone in the muffle furnace, and at the same time, the generated gas will pass through the ice bath to wash the gas cylinder, and then pass into the previous exhaust gas. The air is filled with water and is placed upside down in the trachea tube in the water tank until no gas is produced, then press the water level in the trachea tube to the same level as the water tank outside the trachea tube, and read the volume of the trachea tube. The volume number is the volume of the pyrolysis gas produced by the pyrolysis of the corresponding pyrolysis biomass at the specified temperature at normal temperature and pressure. It is converted into the volume number under standard conditions through the equation of state, which is the corresponding biomass heat. The volume number V 0 under the standard condition produced after the solution is used to analyze the volume composition yi of the gas components in the gas cylinder with a gas chromatography analysis system.
按上述方案，所述的热解为无氧热解气化或催化热解气化。According to the above scheme, the pyrolysis is anaerobic pyrolysis gasification or catalytic pyrolysis gasification.
按上述方案，所述的加热装置为电炉、马弗炉以及其它可以用来加热的设备，加热装置通过温控仪进行温度调控。According to the above scheme, the heating device is an electric furnace, a muffle furnace and other equipment that can be used for heating, and the temperature of the heating device is regulated by a temperature controller.
按上述方案，所述的反应管为石英管。According to the above scheme, the reaction tube is a quartz tube.
按上述方案，所述的用于测量生物质热解产气量的装置还包括与反应管依次通过气管连接的惰性气瓶、流量计。According to the above scheme, the device for measuring the gas yield of biomass pyrolysis further comprises an inert gas cylinder and a flow meter connected to the reaction tube through the gas pipe in sequence.
按上述方案，所述的用于测量生物质热解产气量的装置还包括用于分析热解气组成的气体分析系统。According to the above solution, the device for measuring the gas yield of biomass pyrolysis further includes a gas analysis system for analyzing the composition of the pyrolysis gas.
按上述方案，所述热解完成后将反应体系冷却至室温，对生物质热解后的残炭称重，获得对应生物质热解后剩下来的固体残炭。According to the above scheme, after the pyrolysis is completed, the reaction system is cooled to room temperature, and the carbon residue after the biomass pyrolysis is weighed to obtain the solid carbon residue left after the biomass pyrolysis.
按上述方案，所述的生物质为利用光合作用将太阳能转化为化学能储存植物中所有植物秸秆及果实的外壳等。According to the above scheme, the biomass is to use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy to store all plant straws and fruit shells in plants.
该方法避开了传统直接测量焦油重量而导致测量不准或测不出来的问题，而是采用测量一定量的生物质在指定条件下热解所产生的气体、固体的重量，再通过差量法得到对应生物质热解过程中所产生的焦油重量，由于这些生物质热解所产生的气体量可通过排水法准确收集，进而对应气体的组成成份可通过气相色谱准确测定，由此即可获得生物质解产生的热解气的准确质量，最终保证焦油含量测定的准确度。This method avoids the problem of inaccurate or undetectable measurement caused by the traditional direct measurement of tar weight. The weight of tar produced in the process of biomass pyrolysis can be obtained by the method, because the amount of gas generated by the biomass pyrolysis can be accurately collected by the drainage method, and the composition of the corresponding gas can be accurately determined by gas chromatography, so that Obtain the accurate mass of pyrolysis gas produced by biomass hydrolysis, and finally ensure the accuracy of tar content determination.
该方法的实现是将少量准确称量的热解物质放入热解的石英管反应器中，热解物质量的多少由其本身产气量多少来决定，产气量多的就少，反之就多，然后将石英管放入马弗炉中，并使放入生物质样那部分暂时不在加热区内，启动马弗炉，温控仪表控制其温度，待马弗炉加热达到指定热解温度后，开始通入惰性气将石英管中的空气置换干净，防止生物质热解时被空气所氧化，待空气赶尽后，停止惰性气体的通入，再将放有热解物质样的那段石英管推入到马弗炉中的加热恒温区，与此同时，将产生出的气体通入到先前已排走空气充满水并倒立在水槽中的量气管中，直致没有气体产生不止，将量气管内的水液面与量气管外的水槽的液位保持一致，确保量气筒中气体的压力状态与外界大气压力相同，此时量气管中的体积即为对应的热解物质在指定热解温度下产生的室温、常压产气量，由于生物质的样少加上马弗炉的热容量大，以致将放有热解生物质样的那段石英管反应器推入到马弗炉加热时其温度基本不变，这样保证了热解物质的产气量为指定热解温度的产气量，因为生物质在指定温度下热解产生出的气体在水中溶解度几乎可以忽略不计，因而，所测定出的热解产气量非常准确，与实际工业过程相一致。The realization of the method is to put a small amount of accurately weighed pyrolysis material into the pyrolysis quartz tube reactor. The quality of the pyrolysis material is determined by its own gas production. , and then put the quartz tube into the muffle furnace, and make the part of the biomass sample temporarily not in the heating zone, start the muffle furnace, and control its temperature by the temperature control instrument. After the muffle furnace is heated to the specified pyrolysis temperature , start to pass the inert gas to replace the air in the quartz tube to prevent the biomass from being oxidized by the air during pyrolysis. The quartz tube is pushed into the heating and constant temperature zone in the muffle furnace, and at the same time, the generated gas is passed into the trachea that has previously been evacuated and filled with water and placed upside down in the water tank until no gas is produced. Keep the water level in the trachea tube consistent with the liquid level in the water tank outside the trachea tube, and ensure that the pressure state of the gas in the trachea tube is the same as the atmospheric pressure outside. The gas production at room temperature and normal pressure at the pyrolysis temperature is due to the small amount of biomass and the large heat capacity of the muffle furnace, so that the section of the quartz tube reactor with the pyrolyzed biomass sample is pushed into the muffle furnace for heating When the temperature is basically unchanged, it ensures that the gas production of the pyrolyzed material is the gas production of the specified pyrolysis temperature, because the solubility of the gas produced by the pyrolysis of biomass at the specified temperature in water is almost negligible. Therefore, the measured The pyrolysis gas output is very accurate and consistent with the actual industrial process.
完成上述任务之后，将马弗炉中的石英管反应器冷却至室温，并将反应器中的生物质热解后的残炭称重，再将用排水法收集到的气体通过气相色谱分析其组成，这样便可通过间接计算的方法测定生物质解产生的燃气中的焦油含量。After completing the above tasks, the quartz tube reactor in the muffle furnace was cooled to room temperature, and the carbon residue after the biomass pyrolysis in the reactor was weighed, and then the gas collected by the drainage method was analyzed by gas chromatography. composition, so that the tar content in the gas produced by biomass hydrolysis can be determined by indirect calculation.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
燃气中的焦油含量的测定对于保护后续设备(如发电机组)、工艺过程中的催化剂量的确定与使用具有重要意义，采用该方法可以准确测定生物质热解或气化过程中产生的燃气中的焦油含量，从而为生物能的开发与利用以及提高其附加值开辟了广阔的前景。The determination of the tar content in the gas is of great significance for the protection of subsequent equipment (such as generator sets) and the determination and use of the amount of catalyst in the process. This method can accurately measure the amount of gas in the gas generated in the biomass pyrolysis or gasification process. Therefore, it has opened up broad prospects for the development and utilization of bioenergy and increasing its added value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明生物质燃气中焦油含量的测定方法使用装置示意图，图中：1惰性气瓶、 2转子流量计、3石英管、4马弗炉、5热解物质、6加热装置温控仪表、7冰浴洗气瓶、8 水槽、9量气筒、10气相色谱分析系统。Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the measuring method of tar content in biomass fuel gas of the present invention using device, among the figure: 1 inert gas cylinder, 2 rotameter, 3 quartz tube, 4 muffle furnace, 5 pyrolysis material, 6 heating device temperature control Instruments, 7 ice bath gas cylinders, 8 water tanks, 9 gas cylinders, 10 gas chromatography analysis systems.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的工作过程进行描述。The working process of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
准确称取2.0293谷壳放入热解的石英管3中，然后将石英管3放入马弗炉4中，并使放入热解物质样5那部分暂时不在加热区内，通过加热装置温控仪表6控制马弗炉的加热温度，待马弗炉的加热达到指定热解温度后，向石英管3中通过惰性气瓶1中的惰性气体，并通过转子流量计2控制适当的流量，以便用惰性气氮气将石英管3中的空气置换干净，防止生物质热解时被空气所氧化，待石英管3中的空气赶尽后，停止惰性气体的通入，然后再将放有待热解生物质样的那段石英管推入到马弗炉4中的加热区中，与此同时，产生出的气体经过冰浴洗气瓶7后，再通入到先前排走空气已装满水并倒立在水槽8中的量气筒9中，直致没有气体产生不止，此时，马弗炉停止加热并冷让其冷却至室温，并准确称取石英管反应器中生物质热解后的残炭重量；再将量气筒内的水液面压至与量气筒外的水槽8液面保持一致，读取量气筒9中的体积数，即为对应的热解生物质5在指定温度下热解产生出的常温、常压的产气体积量，通过状态方程转化为标况下的体积数，即为对应生物质热解后所产生的标准状况下的体积数V0，用气相色谱分析系统10分析量气筒中气体组份的体积组成yi，热解完成后将马弗炉中的石英管反应器冷却至室温，将反应器中的生物质热解后的残炭称重。Accurately weigh 2.0293 rice husks and put them into the pyrolyzed quartz tube 3, then put the quartz tube 3 into the muffle furnace 4, and make the part of the pyrolyzed material sample 5 temporarily out of the heating zone, and warm it through the heating device. The control instrument 6 controls the heating temperature of the muffle furnace. After the heating of the muffle furnace reaches the specified pyrolysis temperature, the inert gas in the inert gas cylinder 1 is passed into the quartz tube 3, and the appropriate flow is controlled by the rotameter 2. In order to replace the air in the quartz tube 3 with the inert gas nitrogen, to prevent the biomass from being oxidized by the air during pyrolysis, after the air in the quartz tube 3 is exhausted, stop the inert gas, and then put the heat The section of the quartz tube that decomposes the biomass sample is pushed into the heating zone in the muffle furnace 4. At the same time, the generated gas passes through the ice bath to wash the gas cylinder 7, and then passes into the previously exhausted air that is full. The water is inverted in the gas cylinder 9 in the water tank 8 until no gas is produced. At this time, the muffle furnace stops heating and cools it down to room temperature, and accurately weighs the biomass in the quartz tube reactor after pyrolysis. Then press the water level in the gas cylinder to be consistent with the liquid level of the water tank 8 outside the gas cylinder, and read the volume number in the gas cylinder 9, that is, the corresponding pyrolysis biomass 5 at the specified temperature The volume of gas produced at normal temperature and pressure produced by low-temperature pyrolysis is converted into the volume number under standard conditions through the equation of state, which is the volume number V 0 under standard conditions produced by the corresponding biomass pyrolysis. The chromatographic analysis system 10 analyzes the volume composition yi of the gas components in the gas cylinder, after the pyrolysis is completed, the quartz tube reactor in the muffle furnace is cooled to room temperature, and the residual carbon after the biomass pyrolysis in the reactor is weighed .
表一给出了谷壳在600℃下无氧热解时的产气量、热解后的残炭量以及量气筒中的气体的体积及其色谱的组份分析如下表1所示，Table 1 shows the gas production, the amount of carbon residue after pyrolysis, the volume of gas in the gas cylinder and its chromatographic composition analysis at 600°C in the anaerobic pyrolysis.
根据表中的数据可间接地计算出在600℃条件下，谷壳热解产生的燃气中焦油含量为 1393g/Nm3。According to the data in the table, it can be indirectly calculated that under the condition of 600℃, the tar content in the gas produced by the pyrolysis of chaff is 1393g/Nm 3 .
表一谷壳在600℃下无氧热解产生的燃气中焦油含量的测定Table 1 Determination of tar content in gas produced by anaerobic pyrolysis of chaff at 600℃
实施例2Example 2
准确称取2.0247谷壳放入热解的石英管3中，然后将石英管3放入马弗炉4中，并使放入热解物质样5那部分暂时不在加热区内，通过加热装置温控仪表6控制马弗炉的加热温度，待马弗炉的加热达到指定热解温度后，向石英管3中通过惰性气瓶1中的惰性气体，并通过转子流量计2控制适当的流量，以便用惰性气氮气将石英管3中的空气置换干净，防止生物质热解时被空气所氧化，待石英管3中的空气赶尽后，停止惰性气体的通入，然后再将放有待热解生物质样的那段石英管推入到马弗炉4中的加热区中，与此同时，产生出的气体经过冰浴洗气瓶7后，再通入到先前排走空气已装满水并倒立在水槽8中的量气管9中，直致没有气体产生不止，此时，马弗炉停止加热并冷让其冷却至室温，并准确称取石英管反应器中生物质热解后的残炭重量；再将量气筒内的水液面压至与量气筒外的水槽8液面保持一致，读取量气筒9中的体积数，即为对应的热解生物质5在指定温度下热解产生出的常温、常压的产气体积量，通过状态方程转化为标况下的体积数，即为对应生物质热解后所产生的标准状况下的体积数V0，用气相色谱分析系统10分析量气筒中气体组份的体积组成yi，表一给出了谷壳在700℃下无氧热解时的产气量、热解后的残炭量以及量气筒中的气体的体积及其色谱的组份分析如下表2所示，根据表中的数据可间接地计算出在700℃条件下，谷壳热解产生的燃气中焦油含量为1103g/Nm3。Accurately weigh 2.0247 rice husks and put them into the pyrolyzed quartz tube 3, then put the quartz tube 3 into the muffle furnace 4, and make the part of the pyrolyzed material sample 5 temporarily out of the heating zone, and warm it through the heating device. The control instrument 6 controls the heating temperature of the muffle furnace. After the heating of the muffle furnace reaches the specified pyrolysis temperature, the inert gas in the inert gas cylinder 1 is passed into the quartz tube 3, and the appropriate flow is controlled by the rotameter 2. In order to replace the air in the quartz tube 3 with the inert gas nitrogen, to prevent the biomass from being oxidized by the air during pyrolysis, after the air in the quartz tube 3 is exhausted, stop the inert gas, and then put the heat The section of the quartz tube that decomposes the biomass sample is pushed into the heating zone in the muffle furnace 4, and at the same time, the generated gas passes through the ice bath to wash the gas cylinder 7, and then passes into the previously exhausted air that is full. The water is placed upside down in the measuring pipe 9 in the water tank 8 until no gas is produced. At this time, the muffle furnace is stopped to heat and cool down to room temperature, and after the biomass pyrolysis in the quartz tube reactor is accurately weighed The residual carbon weight of The volume of gas produced at normal temperature and pressure produced by the lower pyrolysis is converted into the volume number under standard conditions through the equation of state, which is the volume number V 0 under the standard condition produced by the corresponding biomass pyrolysis. The chromatographic analysis system 10 analyzes the volume composition yi of the gas components in the gas cylinder, and Table 1 gives the gas production, the amount of carbon residue after pyrolysis and the gas in the gas cylinder when the rice husk is pyrolyzed without oxygen at 700°C The volume and chromatographic analysis of components are shown in Table 2 below. According to the data in the table, it can be indirectly calculated that the tar content in the gas produced by the pyrolysis of chaff at 700°C is 1103 g/Nm 3 .
表2谷壳在700℃下无氧热解产生的燃气中焦油含量的测定Table 2 Determination of tar content in fuel gas produced by anaerobic pyrolysis of chaff at 700°C
实施例3Example 3
准确称取2.0347谷壳放入热解的石英管3中，然后将石英管3放入马弗炉4中，并使放入热解物质样5那部分暂时不在加热区内，通过加热装置温控仪表6控制马弗炉的加热温度，待马弗炉的加热达到指定热解温度后，向石英管3中通过惰性气瓶1中的惰性气体，并通过流转子量计2控制适当的流量，以便用惰性气氮气将石英管3中的空气置换干净，防止生物质热解时被空气所氧化，待石英管反应器3中的空气赶尽后，停止惰性气体的通入，然后再将放有待热解生物质样的那段石英管推入到马弗炉中的加热区中，与此同时，产生出的气体经过冰浴洗气瓶7后，再通入到先前排走空气已装满水并倒立在水槽8中的量气管9中，直致没有气体产生不止，此时，马弗炉停止加热并冷让其冷却至室温，并准确称取石英管反应器中生物质热解后的残炭重量；再将量气筒内的水液面压至与量气管外的水槽8液面保持一致，读取量气筒9中的体积数，即为对应的热解生物质5在指定温度下热解产生出的常温、常压的产气体积量，通过状态方程转化为标况下的体积数，即为对应生物质热解后所产生的标准状况下的体积数V0，用气相色谱分析系统10分析量气筒中气体组份的体积组成 yi，表一给出了谷壳在800℃下无氧热解时的产气量、热解后的残炭量以及量气筒中的气体的体积及其色谱的组份分析如下表1所示，根据表中的数据可间接地计算出在800℃条件下，谷壳热解产生的燃气中焦油含量为857g/Nm3。Accurately weigh 2.0347 rice husks and put them into the pyrolyzed quartz tube 3, then put the quartz tube 3 into the muffle furnace 4, and make the part of the pyrolyzed material sample 5 temporarily out of the heating zone, and warm it through the heating device. The control instrument 6 controls the heating temperature of the muffle furnace. After the heating of the muffle furnace reaches the specified pyrolysis temperature, the inert gas in the inert gas cylinder 1 is passed through the quartz tube 3, and the appropriate flow rate is controlled by the flowmeter 2. , in order to replace the air in the quartz tube 3 with inert gas nitrogen to prevent the biomass from being oxidized by air during pyrolysis. After the air in the quartz tube reactor 3 is exhausted, stop the introduction of the inert gas, and then put The section of the quartz tube containing the biomass sample to be pyrolyzed is pushed into the heating zone in the muffle furnace. At the same time, the generated gas passes through the ice bath to wash the gas cylinder 7, and then passes into the previously exhausted air. Filled with water and upside down in the gas measuring pipe 9 in the water tank 8, until no gas is produced, at this time, the muffle furnace stops heating and cools it to room temperature, and accurately weighs the biomass heat in the quartz tube reactor. The weight of residual carbon after the solution; then press the water level in the gas cylinder to be consistent with the liquid level of the water tank 8 outside the gas measurement pipe, and read the volume number in the gas cylinder 9, that is, the corresponding pyrolysis biomass 5 in The volume of gas produced at normal temperature and pressure produced by pyrolysis at a specified temperature is converted into the volume number under standard conditions through the equation of state, which is the volume number V 0 under standard conditions generated by the corresponding biomass pyrolysis, The volume composition yi of the gas components in the gas cylinder is analyzed by the gas chromatography analysis system 10. Table 1 gives the gas production, the amount of carbon residue after pyrolysis and the amount of carbon in the gas cylinder during anaerobic pyrolysis of rice husk at 800°C. The volume of the gas and its chromatographic component analysis are shown in Table 1 below. According to the data in the table, it can be indirectly calculated that the tar content in the gas produced by the pyrolysis of the rice husk is 857g/Nm 3 under the condition of 800°C.
表3谷壳在800℃下无氧热解产生的燃气中焦油含量的测定Table 3 Determination of tar content in fuel gas produced by anaerobic pyrolysis of chaff at 800°C
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