CN1072296A - The radiation pole type direct current machine - Google Patents
The radiation pole type direct current machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1072296A CN1072296A CN 91110484 CN91110484A CN1072296A CN 1072296 A CN1072296 A CN 1072296A CN 91110484 CN91110484 CN 91110484 CN 91110484 A CN91110484 A CN 91110484A CN 1072296 A CN1072296 A CN 1072296A
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Abstract
A kind of radiation pole type direct current machine, adopt radiation shape unipolarity magnetic pole, only there is an air gap in magnetic loop, motor can be made into rotary pole formula or revolving-armature type, drag the rotation of magnetic pole or armature, make armature winding cutting unipolarity magnetic field, and then in the constant DC potential of armature winding internal induction outgoing direction; The armature winding of rotary pole formula motor connects by the difference outside casing, can obtain the direct voltage of multiple grade, is applied to electroplate, and direct current electricity consumption facilities such as electrolysis are on the motor manufacturing machine that operation can be used for speed governing is had relatively high expectations as motor.
Description
The invention belongs to technical field of motors, it is by casing. end cap. and radiation shape unipolarity magnetic pole. excitation winding. armature winding. armature core. slip ring. brush. fans etc. are formed.
The direct current machine that uses has " common DC motor of band commutator " at present. and " brshless DC motor ", " direct current machine of thyristor rectifier power supply " and the application of acquisition national patent, as: " application number 87216880.8 absence of commutator direct current machines ", " application number 88205221.7 no reversing arrangement list magnetic pole direct current machines ", " application number 88220091.7 absence of commutator direct current machines " etc.
" common DC motor of band commutator " needs to borrow commutator and brush to realize alternating current and the galvanic conversion of external circuit in the armature winding, commutator is made complicated, the flower of lighting a fire easily on the commutator in the use, wasted electromagnetic energy, and when rotating owing to armature, main flux alternation in armature core causes core loss, and energy loss is bigger, electric efficiency is low, and structure is also comparatively complicated.
" brshless DC motor " utilized position transducer and electronic component, and the positive and negative operation of motor needs two cover transducers, makes the electric machine structure complexity, and motor rotates lack of homogeneity during low speed, and the motor overload ability is subjected to the restriction of electronic component change of current ability.
In " DC motor of thyristor rectifier power supply " thyristor supply power voltage bigger alternating component is arranged, make the motor commutation difficulty, loss increases, and temperature rise is higher, and electric efficiency is low, and electromechanical vibration and noise are also big.
Obtain some applications of national patent, electric machine structure and manufacturing are comparatively complicated, and there are two air gaps in the motor closed magnetic loop, makes required magnetomotive force bigger, and inconvenient motor is oversimplified development to miniaturization.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new DC motor, avoid above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, need not commutator during machine operation and just can realize the mutual conversion of direct current and mechanical energy, structure and manufacturing are simple, easy to maintenance, the cost cost is low, and energy loss is little, electric efficiency height, motor have to be convenient to big capacity. high speed and miniaturization development.
The present invention is achieved in that
The radiation pole type motor can manufacture two kinds of rotary pole formula and revolving-armature types.
Rotary pole formula motor has adopted radiation shape unipolarity rotor magnetic pole to be fixed with the stator armature winding at the stator core internal circular surfaces, because the unipolarity of rotor magnetic pole, the magnetic field of setting up in air gap is rendered as unipolarity, drag the rotor rotation with prime mover, make stator armature winding cutting unipolarity air-gap field, and then at constant DC potential or the electric current of each conductor internal induction outgoing direction of armature winding.According to the principle of reversibility of motor, this motor can also move as motor.
Revolving-armature type machine, its operation principle is identical with rotary pole formula motor, and just radiant type unipolarity magnetic pole is fixed in the stator cage, and armature winding is fixed in the armature slot on rotor core surface.
Operation principle
This motor basic principle is a Faraday's electromagnetic induction law.
One. the motor magnetic circuit
Rotary pole formula motor excitation winding is wound on each salient pole of iron core in the rotor by three and differs 120 ° coil coiled each other.Because rotor rotates in the space, so the two ends of rotor-exciting winding should be connected on respectively on two slip rings that are fixed in the rotating shaft, passes through slip ring. brush is from outer introducing DC excitation electric current.When excitation winding passes to the direct current of certain orientation, in motor, form following magnetic loop: rotor magnetic pole-rotating shaft-preceding (back) end cap-casing-stator core-air gap-rotor magnetic pole.Show as Fig. 1 dotted line.Attention: each rotor-exciting winding coil around to unanimity, pass to the exciting current of equidirectional, so make radiation shape rotor magnetic pole be rendered as unipolarity. air-gap field also is rendered as unipolarity.
Revolving-armature type machine stator excitation winding also is wound on each salient pole of stator core by three and differs 120 ° coil each other and form.Directly slave is introduced exciting current outward when each coil passes to the electric current of certain orientation, forms and the identical magnetic loop of rotary pole formula motor at motor internal.Attention: each stator excitation winding coil around to unanimity, pass to the exciting current of equidirectional, make radiation shape magnetic pole of the stator present unipolarity.
The air-gap field of rotary pole formula motor is produced by the unipolarity rotor magnetic pole; The air-gap field of revolving-armature type machine is produced by the unipolarity magnetic pole of the stator; All there is the annulus boss of protrusion at axis hole place, the motor two end cap outside, and boss and distance between axles are enough little, so both can stablize the running of rotor, can reduce the magnetic circuit magnetic resistance again.
Two. rotary pole formula direct current machine
Fig. 1 is the fundamental diagram of rotary pole formula motor.1-motor case, 2-front end housing 3-rear end cap 4-fans 5-radiation shape unipolarity rotor magnetic pole 6-stator armature winding (promptly producing the winding of induced potential) are fixed on the interior 7-rotor-exciting winding 8-line hole of the armature slot 9-bearing on stator core surface.
The stator armature winding is embedded in the armature slot of stator core internal circular surfaces side by side by many uniconductors, and draw outside the machine with the logical cable-through hole of lead at each conductor two ends.When (as Fig. 3) drags rotation when rotor by prime mover, the magnetic field that the unipolarity rotor magnetic pole forms rotates thereupon, and the stator armature winding maintains static, according to the right-hand rule, the unipolarity magnetic field that stator armature winding meeting cutting rotor magnetic pole produces, at the constant electromotive force of stator armature conductor internal induction outgoing direction, in the rotor rotation process, magnetic direction, the conductor direction of motion, and induced potential direction three strictness follows the right-hand rule, and each armature conductor all is cutting unipolarity magnetic field, so the direction of each armature conductor internal induction electromotive force does not change all the time.The stator armature winding connects outside casing in different ways can obtain voltage in several modes, and each conductor two ends of (1) armature winding can obtain the voltage of low-voltage, high-current in the casing loong shunt, can be used for electroplating. in the electrochemistry such as electrolysis; (2) connect successively in each conductor two ends of armature winding, can output HIGH voltage; (3) each conductor dbus of armature winding is in parallel excessively. and series connection and series-parallel form can obtain the voltage of different brackets.
According to the motor principle of reversibility, this motor not only can but also can move as motor as generator operation.As the motor operation, when armature winding passes to the direct current of certain orientation, according to left hand rule, each electrical conductor will be subjected to magneticaction in the unipolarity air-gap field, stator maintains static, because power is action and reaction, electromagnetic force will promote the rotor rotation.By outside casing, changing the connection of each conductor, can make motor obtain various rotating speeds at same voltage, motor can hinder by crosstalk realizes that the crosstalk resistance starts and serial-resistance speed-regulation; Also can pass through adjustable magnetic. pressure regulation realizes speed governing.
Armature winding also can adopt mouse cage shape winding, promptly adopts single conductor to embed side by side in the armature slot between two collector rings of stator core inner surface two ends, and the logical cable-through hole of two collector rings is drawn outside the machine.Show as Fig. 2
Two slip rings in the rotating shaft should insulate with rotating shaft.
The stator armature winding should with stator insulation.
Rotor magnetic pole can adopt permanent magnet.
The number of rotor core salient pole and be wound on the number of the excitation winding pole coil on the salient pole is generally three, makes simply like this, and can making rotor again, stressed evenly motor operates steadily, and its number also can be selected as required.
Three. the revolving-armature type direct current machine
Fig. 4 is a revolving-armature type direct current machine fundamental diagram.1-motor case 2-front end housing 3-rear end cap 4-fans 5-unipolarity magnetic pole of the stator 6-stator excitation winding coil is fixed on 7-armature rotor winding on each salient pole of stator core. and be fixed in the armature slot on rotor core surface, make mouse cage shape 8-line hole 9-bearing.
The armature rotor winding is fixed on side by side by a plurality of single conductor in the armature slot between two collector rings on rotor core surface, two collector rings connect mutually with two slip rings in the rotating shaft, passing through slip ring. brush and external circuit are connected, the armature rotor winding is just as mouse cage shape (showing as Fig. 6) like this, when passing to the electric current of certain orientation in the armature rotor winding, the armature rotor conductor will be subjected to magneticaction in the unipolarity air-gap field that radiation shape magnetic pole of the stator forms, the rotation of driving rotor, motor can realize that the crosstalk resistance starts, speed governing and variable field control. variable voltage control, this motor is during as generator operation, because each armature conductor connect in parallel, can only export low-voltage, high-current voltage between two brushes, therefore general is used as motor.
Armature rotor winding and rotor core insulation, two slip rings in the rotating shaft and rotating shaft insulation, magnetic pole of the stator can adopt permanent magnet.
The radiation pole type direct current machine both can be made into the rotary pole formula, can be made into revolving-armature type again, on structure, rotary pole formula motor, magnetic pole is contained on the rotor, its voltage and capacity are often than little many of armature, so the load of brush and slip ring and condition of work just greatly alleviate and improve, there is a plurality of lines hole in motor case, has the gap between each excitation winding pole coil again, can suitably leave ventilating opening on the two end cap, make the existing axial ventilation hole of motor, the radial ventilation hole is arranged again, the motor ventilation cooling better; Again since armature winding casing outside, connects more flexible, so this kind motor can be used for the speed governing requirement high export multilevel voltage greatly. the motor of medium-sized capacity.The rotating armature electric machine structure is simple, is convenient to the miniaturization development, and it generally can have in capacity little. and volume is little. micro-machine simple in structure.
Accompanying drawing has provided embodiment, is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The radiation pole type direct current machine is by casing. end cap. and radiation shape unipolarity magnetic pole. armature winding. armature core. slip ring. brush. fans etc. are formed.It is characterized in that:
(1) rotor magnetic pole: rotor magnetic pole is by the rotor outer iron core. and interior iron core of rotor and the excitation winding that is wound on the interior iron core salient pole are formed.There is the salient pole of three protrusions to differ 120 ° each other on the iron core in the rotor, in order to around putting excitation winding, be nested in the columnar outer iron core around the interior iron core that is placed with excitation winding, in order to make the firmly nested of interior outer iron core and air gap not occur, machining to each salient pole should make its outer surface form one " taper surface ", just the external diameter of salient pole one end is greater than the external diameter of the other end, shape such as Fig. 7 of interior iron core show, inner surface at the cylindrical shape outer iron core has the shallow slot that matches with salient pole simultaneously, outer iron core shape such as Fig. 5 show, interior outer iron core is fixed as one with ring baffle (10) and screw (11) at the thin end of interior iron core salient pole; Ring baffle and the interior thin end of iron core all have corresponding screw, and the external diameter of ring baffle should be a bit larger tham the internal diameter of cylindrical shape outer iron core, and it is fixed and shows as Fig. 8, make the fixing reliable reasonable of excitation winding like this, have avoided the influence of centrifugal force to excitation winding.The rotor-exciting winding technique is differing on each salient pole of 120 ° each other, each coil around to should be consistent, when passing to the certain orientation electric current, the same distolateral generation polarity of the same name of each coil, because excitation winding is with rotor rotation, its exciting current needs by being fixed on two slip rings in the rotating shaft and static brush from outer introducing, and the height of excitation winding should be lower than the height that salient pole is carefully held external diameter.
The also available permanent magnet of rotor magnetic pole replaces.
(2) magnetic pole of the stator: magnetic pole of the stator is a cylindrical shape, and its outer surface has three salient poles that differ 120 ° each other, is used for around putting excitation winding.The outer surface of all salient poles forms one " taper surface ", just the external diameter of salient pole one end is greater than the external diameter of the other end, simultaneously process the shallow slot that matches with salient pole at casing inner surface, the immobile phase of outer iron core together in the fixing and rotor of the stator core that is placed with excitation winding in casing, the external diameter of ring baffle should be greater than the internal diameter of casing, the stator excitation winding coil around to unanimity, when passing to the certain orientation electric current, the same distolateral generation polarity of the same name of each excitation winding pole coil, the height of stator excitation winding should be lower than the external diameter of the thin end of salient pole.
Magnetic pole of the stator also can be replaced by permanent magnet.
Stator core. in the rotor. outer iron core is because the requirement of magnetic conduction and fixed excitation winding, generally by high strength and magnetic property good contain chromium. the steel alloy of nickel and molybdenum is swaged into an iron core and malleable being integral of axle in the rotor, axle is as the part of magnetic circuit, for reducing magnetic resistance, make the shaft diameter in the motor two end cap slightly larger, because motor does not almost have iron loss, each iron core can be used silicon steel body or casting.
From constructional device and operation principle as can be seen the radiation pole type direct current machine have with
(1) motor makes full use of the inner space, and structure and manufacturing are simple, easy to maintenance, are convenient to big capacity. and high-speed. the miniaturization development.
(2) the motor power loss is little, and the comparable common DC motor of temperature rise descends.
(3) cancel commutation, can realize dragging at a high speed, had the same good speed adjusting performance of common DC motor.
(4) only have an air gap in the closed magnetic loop, make that magnetic resistance reduces in the loop, therefore required magnetomotive force is less.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 rotary pole formula direct current machine fundamental diagram
Fig. 2. Fig. 3 rotary pole formula DC motor stator armature winding Pareto diagram
Fig. 4 revolving-armature type direct current machine fundamental diagram
Fig. 5 rotary pole formula DC motor rotor outer iron core profile
Fig. 6 revolving-armature type direct current machine armature winding Pareto diagram
Iron core profile in Fig. 7 rotary pole formula DC motor rotor
In Fig. 8 rotary pole formula DC motor rotor. outer iron core and excitation winding installation diagram
Claims (5)
1, a kind of radiation pole type direct current machine is by casing, end cap, unipolarity magnetic pole, excitation winding, armature winding, slip ring, brush, compositions such as fans.Motor both can be made the rotary pole formula, can make revolving-armature type again,
This motor is characterised in that:
A. motor adopts radiation shape unipolarity magnetic pole of the stator, or the unipolarity rotor magnetic pole, and motor gas-gap magnetic field is rendered as unipolarity;
B. rotary pole formula direct current machine, embedding the stator armature winding in the armature slot of stator core inner surface, armature winding employing uniconductor embeds each conductor two ends machine of can drawing side by side and connects outward, rotor magnetic pole is by iron core in the rotor, and cylindrical rotor outer iron core and the excitation winding that is wound on the interior iron core salient pole are formed.Interior iron core sleeve is contained in the outer iron core; The outer surface of all salient poles of interior iron core forms one " taper surface ", the outer iron core inner surface has the shallow slot that matches with salient pole, the rotor-exciting winding is fixed on the coil that differs 120 ° in the rotor on the iron core each other by three and forms, also can form by a plurality of coils, each coil winding-direction must be consistent, after passing to exciting current, make each coil with distolateral generation polarity of the same name;
C. revolving-armature type direct current machine, its armature winding adopt single conductor to embed side by side in the armature slot between two collector rings at rotor core outer surface two ends; Collector ring is connected with two slip rings in the rotating shaft; Its excitation winding is fixed on the coil that differs 120 ° on the stator core salient pole each other by three and forms; Also can be made up of several coils, each coil winding-direction must be consistent, pass to exciting current after, make each coil with distolateral generation polarity of the same name.
2,, it is characterized in that magnetic pole of the stator or rotor magnetic pole adopt permanent magnet according to the described motor of claim 1.
3,, it is characterized in that stator armature winding or armature rotor winding adopt mouse cage shape winding according to the described motor of claim 1.2.
4,, it is characterized in that motor passes through casing according to the described motor of claim 1.2. preceding (back) end cap. rotating shaft. rotor core. air gap. stator core forms closed magnetic circuit, only has an air gap in the closed magnetic circuit.
5, according to the described motor of claim 1.2, rotary pole formula motor is characterized in that iron core sleeve is contained in the outer iron core in the rotor, with ring baffle and screw interior outer iron core is fixed on one at the thin end of interior iron core; Rotating armature direct current machine, the outer surface of all salient poles of stator core have formed one " taper surface ", and the outer iron core immobile phase has the shallow slot that matches with salient pole together in its fixing and rotary pole formula rotor in casing in the casing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91110484 CN1072296A (en) | 1991-11-09 | 1991-11-09 | The radiation pole type direct current machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91110484 CN1072296A (en) | 1991-11-09 | 1991-11-09 | The radiation pole type direct current machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1072296A true CN1072296A (en) | 1993-05-19 |
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ID=4910120
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91110484 Pending CN1072296A (en) | 1991-11-09 | 1991-11-09 | The radiation pole type direct current machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1072296A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103227546A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-07-31 | 范家闩 | Commutator-free DC (direct current) electromotor |
| CN109088516A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-25 | 冉隆春 | A kind of energy-saving direct-current motor that stall is not burnt |
| CN110855029A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-02-28 | 魏永军 | Single magnetic pole motor |
-
1991
- 1991-11-09 CN CN 91110484 patent/CN1072296A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103227546A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-07-31 | 范家闩 | Commutator-free DC (direct current) electromotor |
| CN109088516A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-25 | 冉隆春 | A kind of energy-saving direct-current motor that stall is not burnt |
| CN109088516B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2023-07-14 | 冉隆春 | Energy-saving direct-current motor with dead-stop and unfired rotor |
| CN110855029A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-02-28 | 魏永军 | Single magnetic pole motor |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |