CN107228608A - The blasting method of rock directional splitting - Google Patents
The blasting method of rock directional splitting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107228608A CN107228608A CN201710618876.6A CN201710618876A CN107228608A CN 107228608 A CN107228608 A CN 107228608A CN 201710618876 A CN201710618876 A CN 201710618876A CN 107228608 A CN107228608 A CN 107228608A
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- rock
- blasthole
- explosion
- blasting
- detonator
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of blasting method of rock directional splitting, aim to provide it is a kind of have rock can be made to be only oriented towards predetermined direction rupture and topple over, ensure the blasting method of the rock directional splitting of the advantage of rock and surrounding security in work progress, its drip irrigation device is, prepare including explosion, cloth hole drilling, detonator makes, powder charge is blocked, the step such as networking explosion and transport rubble, to adjust gradient and the position of blasthole, and the depth of gunpowder changes the toppling direction after rock blasting in blasthole, rock can be made only to rupture and topple over to place of safety side in blasting process, reduce rock in blasting process at will and the possibility splashed to road surface of dust, ensure that explosion makes the security of surrounding, the usage amount of explosive can also be reduced, increase the effect of explosion, reduce the possibility that miso-fire and blind big gun are produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock blasting field, more particularly to a kind of blasting method of rock directional splitting.
Background technology
Explosion is compression, loosening, destruction, the throwing produced by being exploded using explosive in empty gas and water, native stone medium or object
Throw and lethal effect, a special kind of skill accomplished the end in view.Pack or the powder charge explosion time in native stone medium or works, make soil
Stone medium or works produce compression, deformation, destruction, the phenomenon of loose and throwing, are mainly used in earth and rock works, and metal
Dismounting of building and structures etc..
In the heavy constructions such as railway, mine, reservoir, the critical function of blasting technique is critically important.What mining was repaired the roads opens
Mountain is holed, dismounting of the city to old building, can all use blasting technique.
Chinese Mountain Areas is more, in order to pull expanding economy, it is necessary to rock massif builds highway, is at this moment accomplished by razing massif
For level land, facilitate the construction of road, general massif can directly be dug with digging machine, still, in face of rock massif, directly be excavated bright
It is aobvious unworkable, at this moment need first to carry out rock blasting, could excavate.
At present, Publication No. CN104897016A Chinese patent discloses a kind of safe and efficient environmentally friendly rock blasting and set
Standby, it includes demolition set and perforating device, and perforating device includes support and the air compressor machine and water tank that are arranged on support, pneumatics
Machine is connected with water tank by high-voltage tube, and water tank is also connected by high-voltage tube and steel fibre, and air compressor machine also passes through high-voltage tube and air inflating machine for dismantling tyre
Connection, described steel fibre is arranged on air inflating machine for dismantling tyre, and steel fibre is hollow body, and the tip of its drill bit is provided with delivery port.Above-mentioned patent
A kind of safe and efficient environmentally friendly rock-blasting method is further related to, it includes the position for determining blast hole and angle, bores blast hole, expands
Hole, explosion step.
Although this safe and efficient environmentally friendly rock blasting equipment and blasting method can be blown with less detonator, explosive
More rock, ensures that explosion workman is not polluted by dust, it is to avoid security incident occurs, but this explosion to a certain extent
Method be commonly used in the explosion of massif, be the rock that explosion generation is reduced by beating inclined blast hole, it is most of quick-fried
The raw percussion of bankruptcy is absorbed by massif, and dorsad the side of massif falls within safety zone, therefore can reach safety blasting
Effect.
Existing one piece needs the rock of explosion, because its both sides soil layer is all hollowed out, and rock side is safety zone, separately
Side is road surface, now needs to ensure that the stone produced during rock blasting ruptures and toppled over towards safety zone side, to protect
The security of work progress and road surface side is demonstrate,proved, this effect is unable to reach using above-mentioned blasting method.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of blasting method of rock directional splitting, it is pre- with that can be only oriented towards rock
Fixed direction ruptures and toppled over, it is ensured that the advantage of rock and surrounding security in work progress.
The present invention above-mentioned technical purpose technical scheme is that：
A kind of blasting method of rock directional splitting, comprises the following steps：
S1：Explosion prepares, and according to topography and geomorphology situation, the rock surface vegetation for needing explosion is purged, and carries out blasthole
Design, chooses suitable rig, and rig is transported into scene and await orders, several works are correspondingly arranged in several predetermined blasthole positions
Make face and the good hole position of cloth；
S2：Cloth hole drilling, uses single eye cloth hole, blasthole is tiltedly installed with several towards place of safety side, some during cloth hole
Individual blasthole is linearly arranged, and the straight line of blasthole formation is extended from road surface to place of safety direction, and blasthole diameter is 90mm, and spacing is
0.8m~1.5m, is cleared up blasthole after the completion of drilling, it is ensured that rock dust is fully erased in hole；
S3：Detonator makes, and prepares some detonators and fuse cord, is made in andron, fuse cord one end is cut flat with together, another
Angle is cut at end, and fuse cord length is more than 1.2m, then fuse cord is inserted into detonator, until contradict the strengthening cap of detonator, then with cutting with scissors
Detonator mouthful is clamped and wraps rubber bandage by pincers, the resistance and stability of every detonator of inspection；
S4：Powder charge is blocked, warning of being cleared out a gathering place before powder charge, and warning safe distance is more than 400m, it is ensured that warning distance is in the slungshot zone of influence
Outside, detonator is transported to the scope of operation, angle, direction, structure, powder stick diameter and the temperature in borehole of detection hole after the completion of withdrawing,
Ensure that temperature in borehole is less than the filling that detonator is carried out after 60 DEG C, ensure that high degree of dispersion of the explosive along hole depth is set during filling, gunpowder
Fill depth is from road surface side blasthole to place of safety side blasthole, and depth is incremented by successively, and is blocked using filler；
S5：Network explosion, detonator is transported to formulating position and by operation towards each fire point successively on line, it is ensured that joint portion
Position binding is firm, and blasting network is checked before detonation, determines wire and is in "on" position, carry out detonation operation, by close to place of safety
Gunpowder is ignited in one laterally closer road surface side successively, completes explosion；
S6：After confirming that explosion is normal, blown-out shot, blind big gun are handled in time, and the rubble and scrap that are produced after explosion are cleared up into appearance
, complete the directional blasting of rock.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, if be not purged to rock surface vegetation, set off firecrackers Kong Shirong before explosion
Influence easily is produced on the position of blasthole, size and depth, and influences final blasting result.It is also easy to produce in blasting process
Operating personnel are produced influence by raw more flying dust and fragment；
When designing the position of blasthole and size, it is necessary first to according to the big of the size of rock, hardness and used detonator
The small diameter for determining blasthole, then calculates the pitch-row and array pitch of blasthole further according to blasthole diameter；
The present invention uses 90mm blasthole diameter；
The calculation formula of pitch-row is：a=D/n（D is borehole diameter, and n=60~120 take higher value when rock quality is hard）, institute
It is 0.8m~1.5m to obtain pitch-row；
The calculation formula of array pitch is：b=（0.8~0.9）×D×KS（KSTake 25~45）, final gained array pitch is 3~3.5m；
After explosive detonates in blasthole, high temperature and high pressure gas impact rapidly hole wall, when explosive detonation speed exceedes hole wall rock
During velocity of longitudinal wave, shock wave will be produced in it；If less than velocity of longitudinal wave, then stress pulse, shock wave are produced on hole wall
Stress wave is decayed to profit pulse outwards to propagate；And high temperature and high pressure gas impact hole wall after, the energy of explosive does not have
It is wholly absent, the energy for typically still having 50% is retained in the gas that blast is produced, and is acted on hole wall；Therefore blasthole is inclined
Tiltedly set, although the propagation of stress wave can not be stopped, but gas that can be to a certain extent by generation of exploding stays in rock
In, and make its repeated action on rock inwall, the consumption of explosive has been saved, the effect of explosion is also add；
Blasthole is arranged in a linear, and blasthole position extends from road surface to place of safety direction；In explosion, explosive from place of safety to
Ignited successively in the blasthole in road surface direction, because place of safety direction has the shock wave that rock is produced as barrier, explosion all the time
Rubble dust can be carried to fly out towards place of safety side, it is not easy to have influence on the side on road surface, it is ensured that the safety of road surface side
Property；If there is rock dust in blasthole, when loading explosive, rock dust is readily mixed into explosive, and so influence explosive initiation makes production
Raw impulsive force, is also easy to cause miso-fire, blind big gun etc., it is possible to jeopardize the safety of operating personnel, also result in the waste of material；
Angle is cut into one end of fuse cord, the other end is concordant, and one end of angle can facilitate operating personnel to inject fuse cord
In detonator；Detonator mouthful is packed tightly with rubber bandage, can avoid depositing, transport or installation process in detonator and fuse cord make moist,
So as to avoid producing miso-fire and blind big gun；
Install and be necessary to ensure that in blasthole that temperature is normal before detonator, if temperature is too high, easily ignite detonator in installation process, from
And explosion accident is produced, injure operating personnel；The fill depth of explosive is incremented by successively from the lateral place of safety side blasthole in road surface one,
Closer to place of safety side, dynamite charge depth is bigger；Inclined blasting gap can be produced in rock after the completion of such explosion,
Blasting gap size is successively decreased from the lateral road surface side in place of safety one, therefore rock tip position when dropping under gravity, meeting
Towards the side that blasting gap is larger, i.e., topple over towards place of safety side, it becomes possible to further reduce the production of blast road pavement side
Raw influence, makes rock only rupture and topple over to place of safety side in blasting process, it is ensured that explosion makes the security of surrounding；
Networking explosion need design initiation net, initiation net can by controlling energy to discharge, effectively control splitting scope and
Damage envelope, makes rock reach stabilization, smooth design requirement in blasting process；Clay, sand are needed to use during filling gunpowder
Stone etc. blocks blasthole, and sealing space can be so produced in blasthole, increases effect during gunpowder explosion to a certain extent, also
It can stop that extraneous dew enters in blasthole, influence the demolition effect of gunpowder.
Further set：The angle of inclination of the blasthole is 10 °~20 °, and its opening direction is set towards place of safety direction.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, although blasthole, which is tilted a and set, can increase the demolition effect of entirety, but simultaneously
The difficulty of punching can be increased, the angle of inclination a of blasthole is set to 10 °~20 °, on the one hand can be by the difficulty control of punching one
Determine in scope, the appearance of chongtian mortar on the other hand can be avoided to a certain extent, moreover it is possible to which air-flow is in rock after increase blast
The number of times of impact, so as to reach more preferable demolition effect.
Further set：In S2, rock mass is provided with isolation seam in advance close to road surface side, forms an acting surface, and blasthole is located at
Isolation seam is away from road surface side.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, isolation slit into acting surface can separate harm of the explosion to member-retaining portion,
The broken of rupture portion rock stratum, displacement and deformation is prevented to produce destruction to member-retaining portion；Simultaneously, it is ensured that orientation is formed after explosion and is fallen
The trend collapsed.
Further set：The width of isolation seam is more than or equal to 60mm.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the width of isolation seam is not less than the 2/3 of blasthole diameter, is damaged during with controlled blasting
Member-retaining portion.
Further set:In S4, gunpowder fill depth is the 1/8~1/2 of blast hole depth.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, explosive payload is excessive, not only causes the waste of gunpowder, destruction that can also be different degrees of
The stability of rock stratum, causes rock stratum excessively to crush, and brings potential safety hazard；Powder charge is very few, then does not reach the effect of directional blasting.
Further set:In S4, gunpowder fill depth is linear from road surface side blasthole to place of safety side blast hole depth
It is incremented by, forms blasting with trapezoidal breach.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the blow up gunpowder energy of generation of the setting of blasting with trapezoidal breach is obtained rationally
Even utilization, shock wave is produced to rock stratum, is destroyed strata structure, is made strata structure center of gravity unstability, smoothly in the effect of deadweight
Lower formation tilting moment, forces rock stratum to be collapsed towards safe floor.
Further set：In S4, before gunpowder filling, flexible cushion is set in each blast hole bottom, gunpowder is placed in flexibility
On bed course, gunpowder is filled after having loaded by fine sand, clay and rubble powder.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the design of flexible cushion thickness can cause during blast working, obtain most
While good demolition effect, energy road pavement side reaches preferable protection.
In summary, the invention has the advantages that：
Rock can be made only to rupture and topple over to place of safety side in blasting process, reduce in blasting process rock at will and
The possibility that dust splashes to road surface, it is ensured that explosion makes the security of surrounding, moreover it is possible to reduce the usage amount of explosive, increase explosion
The possibility that effect, reduction miso-fire and blind big gun are produced.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is strata structure schematic diagram, it is intended to represent blasting with trapezoidal gap structure.
Reference：1st, blasthole；2nd, isolation seam；3rd, blasting gap.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the left side of rock is place of safety, and right side is road surface, needs to make rock during explosion to place of safety side
To collapsing, prevent rock from blocking road surface.
The blasting method of rock directional splitting, it is as follows：
S1:Explosion prepares, and according to topography and geomorphology situation, the rock surface vegetation for needing explosion is purged, and carries out blasthole 1
With design, suitable rig is chosen, and rig is transported to scene and is awaited orders, is correspondingly arranged in several predetermined positions of blasthole 1 some
Individual working face and the good hole position of cloth.
S2：Cloth hole drilling, uses single eye cloth hole during cloth hole, blasthole 1 is tiltedly installed with several towards place of safety side.
Several blastholes 1 are linearly arranged, and the straight line of the formation of blasthole 1 is extended from road surface to place of safety direction.The a diameter of 90mm of blasthole 1,
Spacing is 0.8m~1.5m, and the angle of inclination a of blasthole 1 is 10 °~20 °, and its opening direction is set towards place of safety direction.Drilling
After the completion of blasthole 1 is cleared up, it is ensured that rock dust is fully erased in hole.Wherein, rock mass is provided with a width in advance close to road surface side
2 are stitched for 60mm isolation, an acting surface is formed, blasthole 1 is located at isolation seam 2 away from road surface side.
S3：Detonator makes, and prepares some detonators and fuse cord, is made in andron, fuse cord one end is cut flat with together,
The other end is cut into angle, and fuse cord length is more than 1.2m, then fuse cord is inserted into detonator, until the strengthening cap of detonator is contradicted, then
Detonator mouthful is clamped with joint pliers and rubber bandage is wrapped, the resistance and stability of every detonator of inspection.
S4：Powder charge is blocked, warning of being cleared out a gathering place before powder charge, and warning safe distance is more than 400m, it is ensured that warning distance is in slungshot shadow
Ring outside area, transport detonator to the scope of operation after the completion of withdrawing.It is warm in angle, direction, structure, powder stick diameter and the hole of detection hole
Degree, it is ensured that temperature in borehole is less than the filling that detonator is carried out after 60 DEG C.Before gunpowder filling, flexible pad is set in each blast hole bottom
Layer, gunpowder is placed on flexible cushion, ensures that high degree of dispersion of the explosive along hole depth is set during filling.Gunpowder loaded after by thin
Sand, clay and rubble powder are filled.Gunpowder fill depth h is from road surface side blasthole 1 to place of safety side blasthole 1, depth
It is incremented by successively and linear incremental, form blasting with trapezoidal breach 3.Wherein, gunpowder fill depth h for the depth H of blasthole 1 1/8~
1/2, and blocked using filler.
S5：Network explosion, detonator is transported to formulating position and by operation towards each fire point successively on line, it is ensured that knot
Close position binding firm, blasting network is checked before detonation, determine wire and be in "on" position, carry out detonation operation, by close to peace
Gunpowder is ignited laterally closer road surface side successively by the whole district one, completes explosion.
S6：After confirming that explosion is normal, blown-out shot, blind big gun are handled in time, and the rubble and scrap that are produced after explosion are cleaned out
Scene, completes the directional blasting of rock, and reaches the purpose of mucking.
The above embodiments are only explanation of the invention, and it is not limitation of the present invention, people in the art
Member can make the modification without creative contribution to the present embodiment as needed after this specification is read, but as long as at this
All protected in the right of invention by Patent Law.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of blasting method of rock directional splitting, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1:Explosion prepares, and according to topography and geomorphology situation, the rock surface vegetation for needing explosion is purged, and carries out blasthole（1）
Design, choose suitable rig, and rig be transported to scene and await orders, in several predetermined blastholes（1）If position is correspondingly arranged
Dry working face and the good hole position of cloth；
S2：Cloth hole drilling, uses single eye cloth hole, blasthole during cloth hole（1）Several are tiltedly installed with towards place of safety side, if
Dry blasthole（1）Linearly arrangement, blasthole（1）The straight line of formation is extended from road surface to place of safety direction, blasthole（1）It is a diameter of
90mm, spacing is 0.8m~1.5m, to blasthole after the completion of drilling（1）Cleared up, it is ensured that rock dust is fully erased in hole；
S3：Detonator makes, and prepares some detonators and fuse cord, is made in andron, fuse cord one end is cut flat with together, another
Angle is cut at end, and fuse cord length is more than 1.2m, then fuse cord is inserted into detonator, until contradict the strengthening cap of detonator, then with cutting with scissors
Detonator mouthful is clamped and wraps rubber bandage by pincers, the resistance and stability of every detonator of inspection；
S4：Powder charge is blocked, warning of being cleared out a gathering place before powder charge, and warning safe distance is more than 400m, it is ensured that warning distance is in the slungshot zone of influence
Outside, detonator is transported to the scope of operation, angle, direction, structure, powder stick diameter and the temperature in borehole of detection hole after the completion of withdrawing,
Ensure that temperature in borehole is less than the filling that detonator is carried out after 60 DEG C, ensure that high degree of dispersion of the explosive along hole depth is set during filling, gunpowder
Fill depth is from road surface side blasthole（1）To place of safety side blasthole（1）, depth is incremented by successively, and is blocked up using filler
Plug；
S5：Network explosion, detonator is transported to specified location and by operation towards each fire point successively line, it is ensured that joint portion
Position binding is firm；Blasting network is checked before detonation, wire is determined and is in "on" position, carry out detonation operation, by close to place of safety
Gunpowder is ignited in one laterally closer road surface side successively, completes explosion；
S6：After confirming that explosion is normal, blown-out shot, blind big gun are handled in time, and the rubble and scrap that are produced after explosion are cleared up into appearance
, complete the directional blasting of rock.
2. the blasting method of rock directional splitting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In S2, blasthole（1）Inclination
Angle is 10 °~20 °, and its opening direction is set towards place of safety direction.
3. the blasting method of rock directional splitting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In S2, rock mass is close to road surface
Side is provided with isolation seam in advance（2）, form an acting surface, blasthole（1）Positioned at isolation seam（2）Away from road surface side.
4. the blasting method of rock directional splitting according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Isolation seam（2）Width it is big
In equal to 60mm.
5. the blasting method of rock directional splitting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In S4, gunpowder fill depth
For blasthole（1）The 1/8~1/2 of depth.
6. the blasting method of rock directional splitting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In S4, gunpowder fill depth
From road surface side blasthole（1）To place of safety side blasthole（1）Depth is linearly incremented by, and forms blasting with trapezoidal breach（3）.
7. the blasting method of rock directional splitting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In S4, before gunpowder filling,
Each blast hole bottom sets flexible cushion, and gunpowder is placed on flexible cushion, gunpowder loaded after by fine sand, clay and rubble
Powder is filled.
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| CN201710618876.6A CN107228608B (en) | 2017-07-26 | 2017-07-26 | The blasting method of rock directional splitting |
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| CN201710618876.6A CN107228608B (en) | 2017-07-26 | 2017-07-26 | The blasting method of rock directional splitting |
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| CN107228608A true CN107228608A (en) | 2017-10-03 |
| CN107228608B CN107228608B (en) | 2018-12-04 |
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ID=59956638
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109737846A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-10 | 武汉大学 | A kind of anti-blasting method of miss-firing of low angle stratified rockmass |
| CN113039980A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-06-29 | 北方爆破科技有限公司 | Mine green plant restoration method for rock slope |
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| CN101314990A (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2008-12-03 | 武汉爆破公司 | Method for dynamiting buildings |
| CN102230769A (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2011-11-02 | 汇通路桥建设集团有限公司 | Multi-row micro-differential roadbed deep hole blasting construction method |
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| CN103629980A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-12 | 中铁二十三局集团第四工程有限公司 | Adjacent existing railway steep mountain loosen control blast construction method |
| CN106288996A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-04 | 广西新港湾工程有限公司 | The one construction method of groove presplit blasting under water |
| CN106839906A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-06-13 | 四川中鼎爆破工程有限公司 | The directional blasting demolishment method of armored concrete tubular structure towering structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101314990A (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2008-12-03 | 武汉爆破公司 | Method for dynamiting buildings |
| CN102230769A (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2011-11-02 | 汇通路桥建设集团有限公司 | Multi-row micro-differential roadbed deep hole blasting construction method |
| CN102818485A (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2012-12-12 | 重庆市爆破工程建设有限责任公司 | High slope sunken layered blasting relief method |
| CN103629980A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-12 | 中铁二十三局集团第四工程有限公司 | Adjacent existing railway steep mountain loosen control blast construction method |
| CN106288996A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-04 | 广西新港湾工程有限公司 | The one construction method of groove presplit blasting under water |
| CN106839906A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-06-13 | 四川中鼎爆破工程有限公司 | The directional blasting demolishment method of armored concrete tubular structure towering structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109737846A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-10 | 武汉大学 | A kind of anti-blasting method of miss-firing of low angle stratified rockmass |
| CN109737846B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-04-16 | 武汉大学 | Anti-explosion blasting method for gentle dip angle stratified rock mass |
| CN113039980A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-06-29 | 北方爆破科技有限公司 | Mine green plant restoration method for rock slope |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107228608B (en) | 2018-12-04 |
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