CN107226949A - A kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN107226949A CN107226949A CN201710510313.5A CN201710510313A CN107226949A CN 107226949 A CN107226949 A CN 107226949A CN 201710510313 A CN201710510313 A CN 201710510313A CN 107226949 A CN107226949 A CN 107226949A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C08K13/06—Pretreated ingredients and ingredients covered by the main groups C08K3/00 - C08K7/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/346—Clay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/14—Peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/10—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
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Abstract
The invention belongs to plastic foil preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane.The present invention carries out soda boiling pretreatment to rice husk first, again after charing with iron powder sintering, sintered product hydrofluoric acid and water are rinsed silicon carbide whisker is made, rear and polyethylene is then modified to silicon carbide whisker, Tea Polyphenols, montmorillonite etc. mixes and uses single screw extrusion machine extrusion molding, shaped again through roll-in, wear-resistant geomembrane can be obtained, the present invention is so wear resistant filler and geomembrane matrix compatibility are preferable, obtained geomembrane has excellent mechanical performance and preferable anti-wear performance, it ensure that geomembrane is difficult to be destroyed in use, so as to improve engineering, the security performance of facility, it is a kind of preferable earthwork engineering material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plastic foil preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane.
Background technology
It is well known that geomembrane is referred to as " the 4th kind of building materials " after steel, cement, timber.Geomembrane is main
For engineerings such as highway, rivers,lakes and seas bank protection, water conservancy channel, culverts, in engineering, it can not only prevent seepage to base
The destruction of plinth, while reservoir water, channel water can be protected not to be lost in loss, moreover it is possible to play isolation, even lotus, stable effect, in addition,
Geomembrane also has the advantages that low, flexible infiltration coefficient, deformation strong adaptability, intensity are high, easily integrated connection is constructed, and is a kind of
Preferable geosynthetics.
Generally, geomembrane is made up of chemical material and additive with extremely low water penetration, can there is enhancement layer sometimes.Waterproof
Material has two kinds of pitch and polymer, and pitch is usually blown asphalt, and polymer is then synthesising macromolecule copolymer, substantially divides modeling
Two kinds of material and rubber.Pitch geomembrane and rubber geomembrane are manufactured at the construction field (site) mostly, i.e., apply one layer of cold or heat on ground
Polymeric viscosifierses.The operating procedure is relatively simple, but pitch geomembrane and rubber membrane are inferior to plastic civil engineering film, and due to
The wide material sources of plastics, price is also than less expensive, so many based on plastic civil engineering film in actual applications.In plastic civil engineering film
Plastics be generally polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, haloflex.Wherein, and optimal with polyethylene film for earthwork performance, it has infiltration
Rate is low, elongation at break and black brittleness preferably feature, and to compare other two kinds of materials more environment-friendly and safer for polythene material.
Current polyethylene film for earthwork is made using blow moulding process mostly, before this by polyethylene and additive（Filler）
Using blow moulding machine blown film plastotype, then using tabletting machine shaping.But, existing polyethylene film for earthwork wearability and machinery are strong
Degree is poor, and common poor compatibility between wear resistant filler and geomembrane matrix, causes enhancing effect not notable, is constructing or using
When, geomembrane is easily broken.The continuous improvement required with engineering construction, existing polyethylene film for earthwork can not
Construction demand is met, therefore, how to overcome prior art not enough, develops a kind of wearability and good mechanical performance, when using not
Easy destroyed polyethylene film for earthwork product, as it is extremely urgent the problem of.
The content of the invention
Present invention mainly solves technical problem：For current existing polyethylene film for earthwork wearability and mechanical strength compared with
Difference, and common poor compatibility between wear resistant filler and geomembrane matrix, cause enhancing effect not notable, construct or use when
Wait, there is provided a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane for the defect that geomembrane is easily broken.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
（1）Will rice husk and sodium hydroxide solution mix after be put into iron pan, heating is boiled, then the rice husk after boiling is dried, and is obtained
To pretreatment rice husk；
（2）Rice husk powder is obtained after above-mentioned pretreatment rice husk is ground, then rice husk powder is carbonized, charring rice husk powder is obtained, will
Vacuum-sintering after charring rice husk powder and iron powder mixing；
（3）After the completion for the treatment of above-mentioned sintering, reduce temperature, aoxidized under air atmosphere, obtain sintered product, then by sintered product according to
After secondary use hydrofluoric acid and water are rinsed 3~5 times, silicon carbide whisker is produced；
（4）Sonic oscillation reacts after above-mentioned silicon carbide whisker and silane coupler and water are mixed, mistake after sonic oscillation terminates
Filter, isolated filter residue；
（5）It is fitted into after above-mentioned filter residue and maleic anhydride cyclohexanone solution are mixed in reactor, then the tertiary fourth of addition into reactor
Filtered after base hydrogen peroxide, heat temperature raising, stirring reaction, isolated filter cake, be as modified silicon carbide whisker；
（6）Count by weight, weigh 70~80 parts of polyethylene, 7~8 parts of above-mentioned modified silicon carbide whiskers, 1~2 part of Tea Polyphenols
With 0.5~0.8 part of montmorillonite and 0.8~1.5 part of cumyl peroxide stirring mixing, it is expressed into by single screw extrusion machine
In mould, then through three-roll press-polishing cooling and shaping into geomembrane thick 1mm.
Step（1）Described in rice husk and sodium hydroxide solution mass ratio be 1:10, the quality point of sodium hydroxide solution
Number is 10%, and heating boiling time is 30~40min.
Step（2）Described in carbonization temperature be 400~500 DEG C, carbonization time be 1~2h, charring rice husk powder and iron powder
Mass ratio be 100:1, the vacuum of vacuum-sintering is 10~15Pa, and vacuum-sintering temperature is 1350~1450 DEG C, and vacuum is burnt
The knot time is 3~5h.
Step（3）Described in reduction after temperature be 600~700 DEG C, the mass fraction of hydrofluoric acid is 20%.
Step（4）Described in silicon carbide whisker and silane coupler and water mass ratio be 100:1:500, ultrasound is shaken
Power is swung for 200~300W, sonic oscillation frequency is 35~45kHz, the sonic oscillation reaction time is 1~3h.
Step（5）Described in filter residue and maleic anhydride cyclohexanone solution mass ratio be 1:3, maleic anhydride cyclohexanone is molten
The mass fraction of liquid is 15%, and the addition of TBHP is the 1.0~2.0% of filter residue quality, the temperature of heat temperature raising
For 155~165 DEG C, the stirring reaction time is 3~5h.
Step（6）Described in stirring mixing temperature be 160~170 DEG C, stirring incorporation time be 15~20min, extrude
75 DEG C of roll temperature on 190 DEG C of machine temperature, 200 DEG C of mold temperature, three rollers, middle 65 DEG C of roll temperature, 55 DEG C of lower roll temperatures.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
（1）The present invention is first removed rice husk lignin by rice husk of the soda boiling rich in element silicon, and rice husk cellulose is plastified
Alkali solubility impurity is removed along band, then by the charred rice husk after soda boiling and vacuum-sintering, forms silicon carbide whisker, then oxygen at high temperature
Change and remove the complete carbon of unreacted, unnecessary silica is removed with hydrofluoric acid wash, pure silicon carbide whisker is obtained, and use carbon
SiClx whisker is inserted in geotechnological film raw material as filler, is reached using the strong wearability of carborundum and is improved geomembrane wearability
Purpose；
（2）It is anti-that silane coupler is put into hydroxyl generation condensation of the hydrolysis simultaneously with obtained silicon carbide whisker surface in water by the present invention
Should be attached to silicon carbide whisker surface, then with maleic anhydride in the presence of initiator and silicon carbide whisker surface it is silane coupled
The amino of agent reacts, and chemical bonds is formed, in silicon carbide whisker surface grafting anhydride group, using anhydride group in height
Temperature is lower and graft reaction occurs for polyethylene, so as to improve the compatibility of silicon carbide whisker and geomembrane material polyethylene, further
The effect that silicon carbide whisker is modified to geomembrane wear resistence is improved, the raising of compatibility improves geomembrane again between filler and matrix
Mechanical performance, have broad application prospects.
Embodiment
It is 1 in mass ratio:Rice husk and mass fraction are to be put into after 10% sodium hydroxide solution is mixed in iron pan by 10, are heated
30~40min is boiled, then the rice husk after boiling is put into baking oven 1~2h is dried at 105~110 DEG C, obtain pre-processing rice husk,
Pretreatment rice husk is moved into ball mill and obtains rice husk powder after 30~40min of grinding, then rice husk powder is put into vacuum drying oven,
1~2h is carbonized at 400~500 DEG C, charring rice husk powder is obtained, is in mass ratio 100:1 mixes charring rice husk powder and iron powder
After load graphite crucible, graphite crucible is put into vacuum sintering furnace, vacuum be 10~15Pa, temperature be 1350~1450
3~5h of vacuum-sintering under the conditions of DEG C, it is to be sintered after the completion of, then vacuum-sintering furnace temperature is reduced to 600~700 DEG C, in air atmosphere
2~3h of lower oxidation is enclosed, sintered product is obtained, then uses mass fraction to be that 20% hydrofluoric acid and water rinse 3~5 successively sintered product
After, silicon carbide whisker is produced, is 100 in mass ratio by silicon carbide whisker and silane resin acceptor kh-550 and water:1:500 mix
It is put into after conjunction in sonic oscillation instrument, with 200~300W power and 35~45kHz frequency ultrasound 1~3h of oscillating reactions, ultrasound is shaken
Swing and filtered after end, isolated filter residue is in mass ratio 1:3 is molten by the maleic anhydride cyclohexanone of filter residue and mass fraction 15%
It is fitted into after liquid mixing in reactor, then the TBHP of addition filter residue quality 1.0~2.0%, heat temperature raising into reactor
To 155~165 DEG C, filtered after 3~5h of stirring reaction, isolated filter cake, be as modified silicon carbide whisker, by weight
Meter, weigh 70~80 parts of polyethylene, 7~8 parts of modified silicon carbide whiskers, 1~2 part of Tea Polyphenols, 0.5~0.8 part of montmorillonite and
0.8~1.5 part of cumyl peroxide is fitted into high-speed mixer 15~20min of stirring mixing at 160~170 DEG C, passes through
Single screw extrusion machine is expressed into mould, then through three-roll press-polishing cooling and shaping into the thick geomembranes of 1mm be can obtain it is a kind of wear-resistant
Geomembrane, it is 190 DEG C to control extruder temperature, and mold temperature is that roll temperature is 75 DEG C on 200 DEG C, three rollers, and middle roll temperature is 65
DEG C, lower roll temperatures are 55 DEG C.
Example 1
It is 1 in mass ratio:Rice husk and mass fraction are to be put into after 10% sodium hydroxide solution is mixed in iron pan by 10, and heating is boiled
30min, then the rice husk after boiling is put into baking oven dry 1h at 105 DEG C, obtain pre-processing rice husk, pretreatment rice husk is moved into
Rice husk powder is obtained after grinding 30min in ball mill, then rice husk powder is put into vacuum drying oven, 1h is carbonized at 400 DEG C, obtains
Charring rice husk powder, is in mass ratio 100:1 will load graphite crucible after charring rice husk powder and iron powder mixing, and graphite crucible is put into
Be 10Pa in vacuum, temperature is vacuum-sintering 3h under the conditions of 1350 DEG C in vacuum sintering furnace, it is to be sintered after the completion of, then reduce
Vacuum-sintering furnace temperature aoxidizes 2h to 600 DEG C under air atmosphere, obtains sintered product, then sintered product is used into quality successively
Fraction is after 20% hydrofluoric acid and water are rinsed 3 times, to produce silicon carbide whisker, count by weight, weigh 70 parts of polyethylene, 7 parts of carbon
SiClx whisker, 1 part of Tea Polyphenols, 0.5 part of montmorillonite and 0.8 part of cumyl peroxide are fitted into high-speed mixer at 160 DEG C
Lower stirring mixing 15min, is expressed into mould by single screw extrusion machine, then through three-roll press-polishing cooling and shaping into soil thick 1mm
Work film is that can obtain a kind of wear-resistant geomembrane, and it is 190 DEG C to control extruder temperature, and mold temperature is roll temperature on 200 DEG C, three rollers
For 75 DEG C, middle roll temperature is 65 DEG C, and lower roll temperatures are 55 DEG C.
Example 2
It is 1 in mass ratio:Rice husk and mass fraction are to be put into after 10% sodium hydroxide solution is mixed in iron pan by 10, and heating is boiled
30min, then the rice husk after boiling is put into baking oven dry 1h at 105 DEG C, obtain pre-processing rice husk, pretreatment rice husk is moved into
Rice husk powder is obtained after grinding 30min in ball mill, then rice husk powder is put into vacuum drying oven, 1h is carbonized at 400 DEG C, obtains
Charring rice husk powder, is in mass ratio 100:1 will load graphite crucible after charring rice husk powder and iron powder mixing, and graphite crucible is put into
Be 10Pa in vacuum, temperature is vacuum-sintering 3h under the conditions of 1350 DEG C in vacuum sintering furnace, it is to be sintered after the completion of, then reduce
Vacuum-sintering furnace temperature aoxidizes 2h to 600 DEG C under air atmosphere, obtains sintered product, then sintered product is used into quality successively
Fraction is after 20% hydrofluoric acid and water are rinsed 3 times, to produce silicon carbide whisker, by silicon carbide whisker and silane resin acceptor kh-550 with
And water is 100 in mass ratio:1:It is put into sonic oscillation instrument, is vibrated with 200W power and 35kHz frequency ultrasound after 500 mixing
1h is reacted, sonic oscillation is filtered after terminating, and isolated filter residue is in mass ratio 1:3 by the Malaysia of filter residue and mass fraction 15%
It is fitted into after the mixing of acid anhydrides cyclohexanone solution in reactor, then the TBHP of addition filter residue quality 1.0% into reactor,
It is heated to after 155 DEG C, stirring reaction 3h and filters, isolated filter cake is as modified silicon carbide whisker, by weight
Meter, weighs 70 parts of polyethylene, 7 parts of modified silicon carbide whiskers, 1 part of Tea Polyphenols, 0.5 part of montmorillonite and 0.8 part of peroxidating two different
Propyl benzene is fitted into high-speed mixer the stirring mixing 15min at 160 DEG C, is expressed into by single screw extrusion machine in mould, then pass through
Three-roll press-polishing cooling and shaping is that can obtain a kind of wear-resistant geomembrane into the thick geomembranes of 1mm, and it is 190 DEG C to control extruder temperature,
Mold temperature is that roll temperature is 75 DEG C on 200 DEG C, three rollers, and middle roll temperature is 65 DEG C, and lower roll temperatures are 55 DEG C.
Comparative example：The polyethylene film for earthwork of Shandong engineering material Co., Ltd production.
According to GB/T17643《Geosynthetics, polyethylene film for earthwork》Standard, to resisting made from present example 1~2
The polyethylene film for earthwork for grinding geomembrane and comparative example carries out performance detection, and its testing result is as shown in table 1：
Table 1
As it can be seen from table 1 the present invention effectively increases soil using the geomembrane of example 1 made from silicon carbide whisker as filler
The anti-wear performance of work film, but its mechanicalness is undesirable, and example 2 is ensureing that its is resistance to using modified silicon carbide whisker as filler
On the basis of mill property, the mechanical performance of geomembrane improves a lot, it is ensured that geomembrane is difficult to be destroyed in use, from
And engineering, the security performance of facility are improved, it is a kind of preferable earthwork engineering material.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane, it is characterised in that specifically preparation process is：
（1）Will rice husk and sodium hydroxide solution mix after be put into iron pan, heating is boiled, then the rice husk after boiling is dried, and is obtained
To pretreatment rice husk；
（2）Rice husk powder is obtained after above-mentioned pretreatment rice husk is ground, then rice husk powder is carbonized, charring rice husk powder is obtained, will
Vacuum-sintering after charring rice husk powder and iron powder mixing；
（3）After the completion for the treatment of above-mentioned sintering, reduce temperature, aoxidized under air atmosphere, obtain sintered product, then by sintered product according to
After secondary use hydrofluoric acid and water are rinsed 3~5 times, silicon carbide whisker is produced；
（4）Sonic oscillation reacts after above-mentioned silicon carbide whisker and silane resin acceptor kh-550 and water are mixed, sonic oscillation knot
Filtered after beam, isolated filter residue；
（5）It is fitted into after above-mentioned filter residue and maleic anhydride cyclohexanone solution are mixed in reactor, then the tertiary fourth of addition into reactor
Filtered after base hydrogen peroxide, heat temperature raising, stirring reaction, isolated filter cake, be as modified silicon carbide whisker；
（6）Count by weight, weigh 70~80 parts of polyethylene, 7~8 parts of above-mentioned modified silicon carbide whiskers, 1~2 part of Tea Polyphenols
With 0.5~0.8 part of montmorillonite and 0.8~1.5 part of cumyl peroxide stirring mixing, it is expressed into by single screw extrusion machine
In mould, then through three-roll press-polishing cooling and shaping into geomembrane thick 1mm.
2. a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1）Described in
The mass ratio of rice husk and sodium hydroxide solution is 1:10, the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide solution is 10%, and heating boiling time is 30
~40min.
3. a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（2）Described in
Carbonization temperature is 400~500 DEG C, and carbonization time is 1~2h, and the mass ratio of charring rice husk powder and iron powder is 100:1, vacuum-sintering
Vacuum be 10~15Pa, vacuum-sintering temperature be 1350~1450 DEG C, the vacuum-sintering time be 3~5h.
4. a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（3）Described in
Temperature after reduction is 600~700 DEG C, and the mass fraction of hydrofluoric acid is 20%.
5. a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（4）Described in
The mass ratio of silicon carbide whisker and silane coupler and water is 100:1:500, sonic oscillation power is 200~300W, ultrasound
Frequency of oscillation is 35~45kHz, and the sonic oscillation reaction time is 1~3h.
6. a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（5）Described in
The mass ratio of filter residue and maleic anhydride cyclohexanone solution is 1:3, the mass fraction of maleic anhydride cyclohexanone solution is 15%, tertiary fourth
The addition of base hydrogen peroxide is the 1.0~2.0% of filter residue quality, and the temperature of heat temperature raising is 155~165 DEG C, during stirring reaction
Between be 3~5h.
7. a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant geomembrane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（6）Described in
It is 160~170 DEG C to stir mixing temperature, and stirring incorporation time is 15~20min, and extruder temperature is 190 DEG C, and mold temperature is
200 DEG C, roll temperature is 75 DEG C on three rollers, and middle roll temperature is 65 DEG C, and lower roll temperatures are 55 DEG C.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109776995A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-05-21 | 李敏 | A kind of electric power sheath tube material of high thermal conductivity coefficient and preparation method thereof |
| CN111530418A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-14 | 深圳市爱玛特科技有限公司 | Activated carbon rod for improving taste of drinking water |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101454393A (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2009-06-10 | Prs地中海有限公司 | High performance geosynthetic article |
| CN101525452A (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2009-09-09 | 山东天鹤塑胶股份有限公司 | Metallocene geomembrane |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109776995A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-05-21 | 李敏 | A kind of electric power sheath tube material of high thermal conductivity coefficient and preparation method thereof |
| CN111530418A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-14 | 深圳市爱玛特科技有限公司 | Activated carbon rod for improving taste of drinking water |
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Application publication date: 20171003 |