CN107226089A - A kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance strategy - Google Patents

A kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance strategy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107226089A
CN107226089A CN201710243742.0A CN201710243742A CN107226089A CN 107226089 A CN107226089 A CN 107226089A CN 201710243742 A CN201710243742 A CN 201710243742A CN 107226089 A CN107226089 A CN 107226089A
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China
Prior art keywords
car
collision avoidance
front truck
vehicle
ecu
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CN201710243742.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN107226089B (en
Inventor
严明月
魏民祥
汪*
池东亮
张凤娇
张佳佳
项楚勇
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Priority to CN201710243742.0A priority Critical patent/CN107226089B/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/08Active safety systems predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision or attempting to minimise its consequences
    • B60W30/09Taking automatic action to avoid collision, e.g. braking and steering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60QARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q5/00Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices
    • B60Q5/005Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices automatically actuated
    • B60Q5/006Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices automatically actuated indicating risk of collision between vehicles or with pedestrians
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/20Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of steering systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/10Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to vehicle motion
    • B60W40/105Speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10Longitudinal speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2554/00Input parameters relating to objects
    • B60W2554/80Spatial relation or speed relative to objects
    • B60W2554/801Lateral distance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2554/00Input parameters relating to objects
    • B60W2554/80Spatial relation or speed relative to objects
    • B60W2554/804Relative longitudinal speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/18Braking system
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/20Steering systems

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance strategy, related sensor is gathered from car and exterior vehicle, road information on automobile, communicate information to ECU, ECU parses the signal of each sensor, calculate braking and turn to safe distance, determine the affiliated state of emergency of vehicle, quickly plan suitable collision avoidance mode, including braking collision avoidance, turn to collision avoidance, skid steer Discrete control collision avoidance, control the early warning system of automobile to perform corresponding collision avoidance by buzzer warning mode early warning exterior vehicle, brakes, steering and instruct, and monitor and calculate TTC in real time‑1With the numerical value of yaw velocity, under conditions of intact stability is ensured, effectively prevent vehicle from crashing, improve the travel safety of pilotless automobile.

Description

A kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance strategy
Technical field
It is especially a kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance strategy the present invention relates to a kind of collision avoidance strategy, belongs to automobile actively Security fields.
Background technology
With computer technology, the development of environment perception technology, increasing automatic control technology is used in automobile On, pilotless automobile also becomes a great change of automobile industry.In the research process of unmanned technology, it is to avoid nobody Drive vehicle to collide with front truck, rear car or guardrail in emergency situations, for improving automatic driving vehicle security tool It is significant.
Collision avoidance mode includes longitudinal direction braking collision avoidance and laterally turns to collision avoidance.Longitudinal direction braking collision avoidance meeting under some pavement conditions The problem of there is uneven vehicle both sides brake force and elongated braking distance;The safe distance for turning to collision avoidance is shorter, but promptly The danger such as oblique impact, rollover are there is during steering;There is certain limitation under some operating modes in single collision avoidance mode.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention:The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome the defect of existing collision avoidance strategy, and there is provided one kind The automotive correlation prevention strategy under urgent road conditions.
Technical scheme:A kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance strategy, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: related sensor is gathered from car and external environment condition relevant information on automobile, including pass through millimetre-wave radar Gather from the longitudinal spacing of car and front truck apart from S1, from car with the longitudinal spacing of interference car apart from S2, interference car speed U2, pass through Hall-type vehicle speed sensor is gathered from car speed U1, yaw-rate sensor detect from information such as car yaw velocities, And transmit each signal into ECU;
Step 2: ECU parses the signal of each sensor, calculate from car and front truck brake safe apart from Br1, target track is done Disturb the brake safe distance of car and turn to safe distance, ECU is according to vehicle actual environment information and brakes and turn to safe distance Calculated, determine emergency work condition residing for Current vehicle, the emergency work condition according to residing for vehicle, decision-making collision avoidance strategy,
(1) if S1≥Br1, it is more than or equal to brake safe distance from the actual range of car and front truck, has braking collision avoidance from car Condition, therefore selection braking mode;
(2) if St1≤S1< Br1, S2≥St2, U1≤U2, it is more than or equal to from the actual range of car and front truck and turns to safety Distance, but less than or equal to brake safe distance, can avoid crashing with front truck by way of lane-change from car, when certainly The actual range of car and interference car is more than when turning to safe distance and is less than the speed of interference car from car speed, from after car lane-change not Can be collided danger with interference car, therefore selection steering pattern;
(3) if St1≤S1< Br1, S2≥St2, U1> U2, avoid colliding with front truck from car, collision avoidance can be turned to, but It is now to be more than the speed that car is disturbed in adjacent lane-change track from car speed, needs deceleration to enter adjacent lane, therefore selection from car Skid steer Discrete control pattern;
(4) if St1≤S1< Br1, S2< St2, it can avoid colliding with front truck by turning to from car, but it is actual from car Distance is less than the lane-change safe distance from car and interference car, now selects steering pattern to start early warning system simultaneously, is turning from car Note emergency to early warning front truck while collision avoidance and interference car, now flashed from car early-warning lamp, and voice broadcast, pass through The mode for cooperating to be combined with Che Che from car collision avoidance reduces accident;
(5) if S1< St1, from car it is difficult to avoid occurring rear-end impact with front truck, now select braking mode to start simultaneously pre- Alert system, accident is reduced also by the mode for cooperating to be combined with Che Che from car collision avoidance;
Step 3: ECU controls brake actuator by fuzzy method and turns to the corresponding collision avoidance behaviour of actuator progress Make;
Step 4: ECU when monitoring vehicle collision in real time away from TTC-1Whether it is safety value with yaw velocity value, if from car In precarious position, it is delayed 2 seconds, TTC is monitored again-1With yaw velocity value, if being still within precarious position from car, ECU is appropriate Reduce controlled quentity controlled variable or regulation Discrete control duration, definition braking duration is total duration with duration sum is turned to, and braking duration is accounted for The ratio of total duration is represented with K, if yaw velocity is larger, increases K values, if TTC-1It is appropriate to reduce control when value is more than threshold value Value.
Further, described in step 4 during vehicle collision away from TTC-1Threshold value is 0.8.
Beneficial effect:Instant invention overcomes the limitation of single braking collision avoidance and single steering collision avoidance, using braking, turn To, braking and three kinds of switch modes of Discrete control are turned to, preferably meet different collision avoidance requirement in emergency circumstances;Ensureing car Under conditions of stability, effectively prevent vehicle from crashing, improve the travel safety of pilotless automobile.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is road vehicle hum pattern;
Fig. 2 is pilotless automobile collision avoidance policy map.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance strategy of the present invention, detailed process is as follows:
Step 1, as shown in figure 1, millimeter radar surveying is from car F and front vehicles D on automobile1Apart from S1, from car with it is adjacent Track interference car D2Apart from S2, from the relative speed of car and interference car, wheel speed sensors measurement is from the speed U of car1, by certainly Car speed and obtain disturbing car speed U with the relative speed of interference car from car2.Yaw-rate sensor detection yaw velocity letter Number, these signals are transferred in Freescale series MC9S12DP512 single-chip microcomputers by serial communication.
Step 2, as shown in Fig. 2 ECU ECU (MC9S12DP512) parses the signal of each sensor, calculate from car with Front truck, from car and target track interference car brake safe apart from Br1Safe distance S is turned to from car and front truckt1, from car with it is dry Disturb car and turn to safe distance St2
(1) if S1≥Br1, it is more than or equal to brake safe distance from the actual range of car and front truck, has braking collision avoidance from car Condition, therefore selection braking mode.
(2) if St1≤S1< Br1, S2≥St2, U1≤U2, it is more than or equal to from the actual range of car and front truck from car with before Car turns to safe distance St1, but less than brake safe apart from Br1, can not be prevented effectively from and be knocked into the back with front truck by braking from car Etc. collision accident, but it can avoid from car crashing with front truck by way of lane-change.But needed when turning to lane-change collision avoidance Consider that the information of car is disturbed in adjacent lane-change track.Pacify when being more than to turn to interference car from car from the actual range of car and interference car Full distance St2When and be less than from car speed the speed of interference car, will not be collided danger with interference car from after car lane-change, therefore Select steering pattern.
(3) if St1≤S1< Br1, S2≥St2, U1> U2, avoid colliding with front truck from car, collision avoidance can be turned to, but It is now to be more than the speed that car is disturbed in adjacent lane-change track from car speed, entering low speed carriage way from car needs to slow down, otherwise from car Lane-change enters after adjacent lane easily occurs rear-end collision with interference car.Deceleration is needed to enter adjacent lane, therefore selection from car Skid steer Discrete control pattern.
(4) if St1≤S1< Br1, S2< St2, it can avoid colliding with front truck by turning to from car, but it is actual from car Distance is less than the lane-change safe distance from car and interference car, from car it is difficult to avoid occurring the accidents such as oblique impact, side impact with interference car.For The probability that reduction accident occurs as far as possible, now selects steering pattern to start early warning system simultaneously.The same of collision avoidance is being turned to from car When early warning front truck and interference car note emergency, now flashed from car early-warning lamp, and voice broadcast:" note spacing, prevent Collision!", allow interference car to accelerate to increase the fore-and-aft distance from car and interference car by warning, reduce accident.
(5) if S1< St1, from car it is difficult to avoid occurring rear-end impact with front truck, now select braking mode to start simultaneously pre- Alert system, accident is reduced also by the mode for cooperating to be combined with Che Che from car collision avoidance.
Step 3, as shown in Fig. 2 ECU pass through relevant control algorithm (such as PID, Model Predictive Control) pid algorithm control Brake actuating motor and turn to actuating motor and carry out corresponding collision avoidance operation.The input parameter of PID Brake control algorithms is from car The difference of actual longitudinal acceleration and preferable longitudinal acceleration, emulation regulation PID Proportional coefficient KPValue, integral coefficient KIValue and Differential coefficient KDValue makes the value for approaching preferable longitudinal acceleration of PID output valve quick and stables.The input of PID shift control algorithms Parameter is the difference from car actual steering wheel corner and preferable steering wheel angle, emulation regulation PID Proportional coefficient KPValue, product Divide COEFFICIENT KIValue and differential coefficient KDValue makes the value for approaching preferable steering wheel angle of PID output valve quick and stables.
Step 4, as shown in Fig. 2 set Safety Evaluation Index in this collision avoidance strategy, monitoring is from car safe condition, this hair It is bright to introduce TTC according to actual needs-1With yaw velocity as evaluation index, the security of automobile is evaluated.
Away from being defined as during vehicle collision:
Wherein, S is from car and the actual spacing of front truck, vrelFor from car and front truck relative velocity.
From definition, when vehicle reaches safe condition, two car relative velocities tend to 0, TTC-1Now level off to zero.When When vehicle is safer, TTC-1Value is smaller;When vehicle collision danger classes is higher, TTC-1Value it is bigger.
ECU monitors TTC in real time-1With yaw velocity value, if in the hole from car, it be delayed 2 seconds, TTC is monitored again-1With yaw velocity value, the purpose of delay is to prevent TTC-1Erroneous judgement is caused with the shake of yaw velocity value instantaneous numerical value.If from Car is still within precarious position, and ECU suitably reduces controlled quentity controlled variable or regulation Discrete control duration.When definition braking duration and steering Long sum is total duration, and the ratio that braking duration accounts for total duration is represented with K, if yaw velocity is larger, increases K values, if TTC-1 Value is larger (being more than 0.8), appropriate to reduce control value.
The application approach of the present invention is a lot, and described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for this For the those of ordinary skill of technical field, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement can also be made, these Improvement also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance strategy, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: related sensor collection is gathered from car and external environment condition relevant information, including by millimetre-wave radar on automobile From the longitudinal spacing of car and front truck apart from S1, from car with the longitudinal spacing of interference car apart from S2, interference car speed U2, pass through Hall Formula vehicle speed sensor is gathered from car speed U1, yaw-rate sensor detect from information such as car yaw velocities, and will Each signal is transmitted into ECU;
Step 2: ECU parses the signal of each sensor, calculate from car and front truck brake safe apart from Br1, target track interference car Brake safe distance and turn to safe distance, ECU according to vehicle actual environment information and brake and turn to safe distance carry out Calculate, determine emergency work condition residing for Current vehicle, the emergency work condition according to residing for vehicle, decision-making collision avoidance strategy, (1) is if S1≥ Br1, it is more than or equal to brake safe distance from the actual range of car and front truck, the condition for having braking collision avoidance from car, therefore selection system Dynamic model formula;
(2) if St1≤S1< Br1, S2≥St2, U1≤U2, it is more than or equal to from the actual range of car and front truck and turns to safe distance, But less than or equal to brake safe distance, can avoid crashing with front truck by way of lane-change from car, when from car with Disturb the actual range of car to be more than when turning to safe distance and be less than the speed of interference car from car speed, will not be with from after car lane-change Interference car collides danger, therefore selection steering pattern;
(3) if St1≤S1< Br1, S2≥St2, U1> U2, avoid colliding with front truck from car, collision avoidance can be turned to, but now It is more than the speed that car is disturbed in adjacent lane-change track from car speed, needs deceleration to enter adjacent lane from car, therefore selection braking turns To Discrete control pattern;
(4) if St1≤S1< Br1, S2< St2, it can avoid colliding with front truck by turning to from car, but from car actual range Less than the lane-change safe distance from car and interference car, now select steering pattern to start early warning system simultaneously, kept away from car in steering Early warning front truck and interference car note emergency while hitting, and are now flashed from car early-warning lamp, and voice broadcast, by from car The mode that collision avoidance cooperates to be combined with Che Che reduces accident;
(5) if S1< St1, from car it is difficult to avoid occurring rear-end impact with front truck, now select braking mode to start early warning system simultaneously System, accident is reduced also by the mode for cooperating to be combined with Che Che from car collision avoidance;
Step 3: ECU controls brake actuator by fuzzy method and turns to the corresponding collision avoidance operation of actuator progress;
Step 4: ECU when monitoring vehicle collision in real time away from TTC-1Whether it is safety value with yaw velocity value, if being in danger from car Dangerous state, is delayed 2 seconds, TTC is monitored again-1With yaw velocity value, if being still within precarious position from car, ECU suitably reduces Controlled quentity controlled variable or regulation Discrete control duration, definition braking duration and steering duration sum are total duration, when braking duration accounts for total Long ratio is represented with K, if yaw velocity is larger, increases K values, if TTC-1It is appropriate to reduce control value when value is more than threshold value.
2. a kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance strategy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that vehicle is touched described in step 4 Away from TTC when hitting-1Threshold value is 0.8.
CN201710243742.0A 2017-04-14 2017-04-14 A kind of pilotless automobile collision avoidance method Expired - Fee Related CN107226089B (en)

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CN108490941A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-09-04 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Applied to the automated driving system and its control method of road sweeper, device
CN108791284A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-11-13 杨德兴 A kind of driving assistance system of electric vehicle
CN108791283A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-11-13 杨德兴 A kind of driving pilot controller for driverless electric automobile
CN108859998A (en) * 2018-06-14 2018-11-23 辽宁工业大学 A kind of front truck rear-end device and its control method
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CN110550045A (en) * 2019-09-09 2019-12-10 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Speed planning and tracking method, device and storage medium
CN110606082A (en) * 2019-09-25 2019-12-24 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Braking system, method and device based on automatic driving and vehicle
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CN110723142A (en) * 2019-09-20 2020-01-24 江苏大学 Intelligent automobile emergency collision avoidance control method
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CN114913709A (en) * 2021-02-07 2022-08-16 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 Intersection collision early warning method and device based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication and storage medium
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