CN107220224A - A kind of literary generation method of square seedling derived based on intelligence - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种文字生成方法,尤其涉及一种基于智能推导的方块苗文生成方法;该方法包括以下步骤:A:建立构件包围盒并对其进行归一化处理;B:确定包围盒拓扑变换系数;C:对构件包围盒进行变换操作;D:建立对应推导过程的编码树;E:建立智能推导模型;F:根据智能推导算法生成方块苗文。采用本发明生成的方块苗文字形整齐规范,且不占用编码空间,能够满足实用性要求。
The present invention relates to a text generation method, in particular to a block Miao text generation method based on intelligent derivation; the method includes the following steps: A: establishing component bounding boxes and normalizing them; B: determining the bounding box topology Transformation coefficient; C: transform the component bounding box; D: establish the coding tree corresponding to the derivation process; E: establish the intelligent derivation model; F: generate the block Miaowen according to the intelligent derivation algorithm. The square Hmong characters generated by the invention are neat and standardized, do not occupy coding space, and can meet practical requirements.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种文字生成方法,尤其涉及一种基于智能推导的方块苗文生成方法。The invention relates to a method for generating characters, in particular to a method for generating square Hmong characters based on intelligent derivation.
背景技术Background technique
当前操作系统处理表意文字时,通常是“逐字”进行编码和字符设计,字符数据存储量巨大,编码字符集亦难以瘦身。方块苗文是武陵山片区民间苗族文化的主要载体,是一种具有固定结构特性的表意文字,基本上都是合体字。因其信息处理研究起步很晚,Unicode及其它字符集标准尚未为其分配码位。现有技术中,有一种基于构件组合运算表达式的方块苗文动态生成方法。该方法通过借助OpenType字体技术,构造方块苗文合体字的字模,规划字体布局表,编写组合替换的映射脚本,就能在不占用 Unicode编码区间的情况下生成不同结构的苗文字符。然而,这种方法必须以方块苗文合体字的字符数据为基础,需要对每个方块苗文制作字模。无字模对应的方块苗文将无法显示。When current operating systems process ideographic characters, they usually encode and design characters "word by word". The storage of character data is huge, and it is difficult to reduce the size of the coded character set. Square Miao script is the main carrier of folk Miao culture in the Wuling Mountain area. It is an ideographic script with fixed structural characteristics, and it is basically a combination of characters. Because of its late start in information processing research, Unicode and other character set standards have not assigned code points to it. In the prior art, there is a method for dynamically generating block Miao characters based on component combination operation expressions. By using the OpenType font technology, constructing the font model of the square Miao script, planning the font layout table, and writing the mapping script for combination and replacement, the Hmong characters of different structures can be generated without occupying the Unicode coding interval. However, this method must be based on the character data of the square Hmong script, and it is necessary to make a font for each square Hmong script. The block Hmong characters without fonts will not be displayed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于智能推导的方块苗文生成方法,解决了字符数据存储量巨大,编码字符集难以瘦身的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for generating square Miao characters based on intelligent derivation, which solves the problem that the storage of character data is huge and the coded character set is difficult to slim down.
本发明是这样实现的,种基于智能推导的方块苗文生成方法包括以下步骤:The present invention is achieved like this, and a kind of square Miaowen generation method based on intelligent derivation comprises the following steps:
A:建立构件包围盒并对其进行归一化处理;A: Establish component bounding boxes and normalize them;
B:确定包围盒拓扑变换系数;B: Determine the bounding box topology transformation coefficient;
C:对构件包围盒进行变换操作;C: Transform the bounding box of the component;
D:建立对应推导过程的编码树;D: Establish a coding tree corresponding to the derivation process;
E:建立智能推导模型;E: Establish an intelligent derivation model;
F:根据智能推导算法生成方块苗文。F: Generate square Miao characters according to the intelligent derivation algorithm.
本发明的进一步技术方案是:所述步骤A为:给定一个苗文字符网格,其宽和高分别为W和H;以网格左上角为原点,建立一个X轴向右、Y 轴向下的直角坐标系;在此坐标系中,构件包围盒是由构件字符图像的左上顶点坐标(x,y)以及宽(w)和高(h)共同决定的一个最小外接矩形,可表示为一个四元组B:B=(x,y,w,h)。其中,x∈(0,W),y∈(0,H),w∈(0,W-x),h∈(0,H-y);并将构件包围盒归一化处理为: A further technical solution of the present invention is: said step A is: given a Hmong character grid, its width and height are respectively W and H; with the upper left corner of the grid as the origin, establish an X-axis to the right and a Y-axis Downward Cartesian coordinate system; in this coordinate system, the component bounding box is a minimum circumscribed rectangle determined by the coordinates (x, y) of the upper left vertex of the component character image and the width (w) and height (h), which can represent is a quadruple B: B=(x, y, w, h). Among them, x ∈ (0, W), y ∈ (0, H), w ∈ (0, Wx), h ∈ (0, Hy); and the component bounding box is normalized as:
本发明的进一步技术方案是:所述步骤B为:给定包围盒B=(x,y,w,h)和B'=(x',y',w',h'),将B变换为B’的拓扑变换系数用式(1)计算:A further technical solution of the present invention is: said step B is: Given a bounding box B=(x, y, w, h) and B'=(x', y', w', h'), transform B The topological transformation coefficient of B' is calculated by formula (1):
本发明的进一步技术方案是:所述步骤C中,计算目标构件在苗文中所处的位置和大小,涉及到居中、平铺和纵横比调整变换操作;A further technical solution of the present invention is: in the step C, calculate the position and size of the target component in the Hmong text, involving centering, tiling and aspect ratio adjustment transformation operations;
居中in the center
调整后包围盒的宽和高不变,仅左上顶点坐标发生变化。给定包围盒 B1=(x1,y1,w1,h1)和B2=(x2,y2,w2,h2),将B1沿X轴方向、Y轴方向、同时沿X轴和Y轴方向居中到B2中,三种情况下得到新包围盒B’1=(x’,y’,w1,h1)中的x’和y’分别用式(2)、(3)、(4)计算:After adjustment, the width and height of the bounding box remain unchanged, and only the coordinates of the upper left vertex change. Given bounding box B 1 =(x 1 ,y 1 ,w 1 ,h 1 ) and B 2 =(x 2 ,y 2 ,w 2 ,h 2 ), place B 1 along the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, At the same time, it is centered in B 2 along the X-axis and Y-axis direction. In the three cases, the x' and y' in the new bounding box B' 1 = (x', y', w 1 , h 1 ) are respectively used in the formula ( 2), (3), (4) calculation:
平铺tiling
将上述包围盒B1沿X轴方向、Y轴方向,同时沿X轴和Y轴方向平铺到包围盒B2中,分别得到新包围盒B'=(x2,y1,w2,h1)、B'=(x1,y2,w1,h2)和 B'=(x2,y2,w2,h2)。The above bounding box B 1 is tiled into the bounding box B 2 along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the new bounding box B'=(x 2 ,y 1 ,w 2 , h 1 ), B'=(x 1 , y 2 , w 1 , h 2 ), and B'=(x 2 , y 2 , w 2 , h 2 ).
纵横比调整aspect ratio adjustment
设原构件包围盒为B=(x,y,w,h),按纵横比为r进行调整后得到的包围盒为B’;那么,对于左右型构件,保持高度不变,按式(5)进行调整;对于上下型构件,保持宽度不变,按式(6)进行调整;对于外包构件或内含构件,高度和宽度都变化,如果h/w≤r,则按式(5)进行调整,否则,按式(6)进行调整。Set the bounding box of the original component as B=(x, y, w, h), and the bounding box obtained after adjusting the aspect ratio to r is B'; then, for the left and right components, keep the height unchanged, according to the formula (5 ) to adjust; for upper and lower components, keep the width constant, and adjust according to formula (6); for outsourcing components or internal components, both height and width are changed, if h/w≤r, then follow formula (5) Adjust, otherwise, adjust according to formula (6).
B’=(x,y,h/r,h) (5)B'=(x,y,h/r,h) (5)
B’=(x,y,w,w.r) (6)B'=(x,y,w,w.r) (6)
本发明的进一步技术方案是:所述步骤D为:利用二叉树的递归性,把树中各结点数据的求解分解到简单的子树中求解,建立对应推导过程的编码树;编码树是推导树的符号化描述;编码树中,将左右型、上下型、内外型,以及侧围型的左上包、左下包和右上包这7种苗文结构,分别用字母“Z”、“S”、“N”、“A”、“B”和“C”表示;将构件用其标准字符的Unicode编码表示;2构件型苗文的编码树为1级结构,分2层;3构件型苗文的编码树为2级结构,分3层。The further technical scheme of the present invention is: described step D is: utilize the recursion of binary tree, the solution of each node data in the tree is decomposed into simple subtree to solve, establishes the coding tree of corresponding derivation process; Coding tree is derivation Symbolic description of the tree; in the coding tree, the seven Hmong structures of the left-right type, the up-down type, the inner-outer type, and the upper-left, lower-left, and upper-right structures of the side-wrapping type are respectively represented by the letters "Z" and "S". , "N", "A", "B" and "C"; the components are represented by the Unicode code of their standard characters; The coding tree of the text is a 2-level structure, divided into 3 layers.
本发明的进一步技术方案是:所述步骤E为按3个层次建立苗文智能推导模型;顶层为完成编码树分解工作的子模块;中间层为针对不同结构苗文进行结构推导的子模块,用于完成编码树中各结点拓扑变换系数的求解工作;底层为构件纵横比调整的子模块;由于可以将左右结构和上下结构归为纵横结构一类,将内外结构和3种侧围结构归为包含结构一类,故中间层只针对纵横结构和包含结构设计两个结构推导子模块。The further technical scheme of the present invention is: described step E is to set up the Miao Wen intelligent derivation model by 3 levels; The top layer is the submodule that completes the coding tree decomposition work; It is used to solve the topological transformation coefficient of each node in the coding tree; the bottom layer is a sub-module for adjusting the aspect ratio of components; since the left and right structures and the upper and lower structures can be classified as vertical and horizontal structures, the inner and outer structures and the three side structures It is classified as the inclusion structure, so the middle layer only designs two structure derivation sub-modules for the vertical and horizontal structure and the inclusion structure.
本发明的进一步技术方案是:所述步骤F包括以下算法:The further technical scheme of the present invention is: described step F comprises following algorithm:
顶层子模块的算法:Algorithms for top-level submodules:
1)根据苗文所含构件的Unicode编码序列及苗文结构类型,建立相应的苗文生成编码树;1) According to the Unicode coding sequence of the components contained in the Hmong script and the Hmong script structure type, a corresponding Miao script generation coding tree is established;
2)对编码树进行深度优先的先根遍历,得到苗文的生成编码序列;2) carry out depth-first root-first traversal to the coding tree, and obtain the generated coding sequence of Hmong;
3)分析生成编码序列,按照流程,调用相应的结构推导子模块,推导出苗文所包含全部构件的变换参数;3) Analyze and generate the coding sequence, call the corresponding structure derivation sub-module according to the process, and deduce the transformation parameters of all the components contained in the Miao language;
4)根据获得的构件变换参数,将原始构件变换成苗文中的目标构件。纵横结构推导子模块的算法:4) According to the obtained component transformation parameters, transform the original component into the target component in Miao text. Algorithm of the vertical and horizontal structure derivation sub-module:
1)根据各构件的标准包围盒,确定其在整个苗文结构中的比重,并根据其在苗文结构中出现的次序,确定其最大可能包围盒;1) Determine its proportion in the entire Hmong structure according to the standard bounding box of each component, and determine its maximum possible bounding box according to the order in which it appears in the Hmong structure;
2)对于左右结构,按式(2)将各个构件沿X轴方向居中到苗文结构的最大包围盒中;对于上下结构,按式(3)将各个构件沿Y轴方向居中到苗文的最大包围盒中;2) For the left and right structures, center each component along the X-axis direction to the largest bounding box of the Miao structure according to formula (2); for the upper and lower structures, center each component along the Y-axis direction to the maximum bounding box of the Miao structure In the largest bounding box;
3)调用纵横比调整子模块调整各构件的纵横比,得到各构件在苗文中的包围盒;3) calling the aspect ratio adjustment sub-module to adjust the aspect ratio of each component to obtain the bounding box of each component in Hmong;
4)利用式(1)计算各构件的变换系数。4) Use formula (1) to calculate the conversion coefficient of each component.
包含结构推导子模块的推导算法:Derivation algorithms with structure derivation submodules:
1)取外包构件的最大包围盒作为其在苗文中的实际包围盒;1) Take the largest bounding box of the outsourcing component as its actual bounding box in Hmong;
2)调用纵横比调整子模块,将内含构件的标准包围盒调整为其在苗文中的最大包围盒的大小;2) Call the aspect ratio adjustment submodule to adjust the standard bounding box containing components to the size of the largest bounding box in Hmong;
3)将调整后内含构件的包围盒同时沿X轴和Y轴方向平铺到外包构件的最大包围盒中,得到其在苗文中的实际包围盒;3) tile the adjusted bounding box of the inner component into the largest bounding box of the outer component along the X-axis and Y-axis direction at the same time, and obtain its actual bounding box in Hmong;
4)利用式(1)计算出各构件的变换系数。4) Use formula (1) to calculate the transformation coefficient of each component.
纵横比调整子模块的算法:Algorithm of the aspect ratio adjustment submodule:
1)对纵横结构的构件,检查其纵横比值是否位于最小值和最大值之间。若是,则保持当前纵横比不变;否则,按式(5)将左右型构件的调整纵横比为平均值,按式(6)将上下型构件的纵横比调整为平均值;1) For components with vertical and horizontal structures, check whether the aspect ratio is between the minimum value and the maximum value. If so, then keep the current aspect ratio constant; otherwise, adjust the aspect ratio of the left and right type components to the average value according to formula (5), and adjust the aspect ratio of the up and down type components to the average value according to formula (6);
2)对包含结构的构件,将其纵横比与平均值进行比较。若等于,则保持当前纵横比不变;若大于,则按式(6)将纵横比调整到平均值;若小于,则按式(5)将纵横比调整到平均值。2) For components containing structures, compare their aspect ratios to the average. If it is equal, keep the current aspect ratio unchanged; if it is greater than, adjust the aspect ratio to the average value according to formula (6); if it is less than, then adjust the aspect ratio to the average value according to formula (5).
本发明的有益效果是:基于智能推导求得的目标构件字形数据所生成的方块苗文字形整齐规范,且不占用编码空间,能够满足实用性要求;该方法有3个特点:一是,基于构件变换来生成方块苗文的思想是该模型的核心;二是,利用二叉树的递归性来实现构件变换参数的求解,不但保证了方块苗文生成方法的简单有效性,而且体现了字符推导的智能性;三是,该模型中,方块苗文生成的智能推导所需的各类数据存放在独立的信息库中,使得方块苗文的语言特征得以从文字处理软件的程序逻辑中分离,便于日后进行软件功能的调整优化和扩展。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the square Miao characters generated based on the target component font data obtained by intelligent derivation are neat and standardized, and do not occupy coding space, and can meet the practical requirements; the method has three characteristics: first, based on The idea of generating square Miao characters by component transformation is the core of the model; secondly, using the recursion of the binary tree to realize the solution of component transformation parameters not only ensures the simplicity and effectiveness of the method of generating square Miao characters, but also embodies the advantages of character derivation. Intelligence; thirdly, in this model, all kinds of data required for intelligent derivation generated by Cube Miaowen are stored in an independent information database, so that the language features of Cube Miaowen can be separated from the program logic of word processing software, which is convenient Adjustment, optimization and expansion of software functions will be carried out in the future.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明提供的一种方块苗文结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a kind of block Miao script structure schematic diagram provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的一种识别方块苗文的DFA状态图;Fig. 2 is a kind of DFA state diagram of identifying square Miaowen provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供的一种构件包围盒示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a component bounding box provided by the present invention;
图4是本发明提供的一种智能推导系统的结构示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent derivation system provided by the present invention;
图5是本发明提供的一种基于智能推导的方块苗文生成方法的推导流程图;Fig. 5 is the derivation flow chart of a kind of block Miao character generation method based on intelligent derivation provided by the present invention;
图6是本发明提供的一种方块苗文字例C6的推导示意图;Fig. 6 is a derivation schematic diagram of a block Hmong script example C 6 provided by the present invention;
图7是本发明提供的一种方块苗文字例C6的推导结果。Fig. 7 is a derivation result of a square Hmong script example C 6 provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例一:Embodiment one:
图1-图7为一种基于智能推导的方块苗文生成方法的示意图。方块苗文其结构大致分为图1所示的4类:左右型、上下型、侧围型和内外型。其中,侧围型又可分为左上包、左下包和右上包3种。根据方块苗文的造字原理和构字方式,当一个苗文由3个及3个以上部分构成时,其中的某两个或3个部分通常可组成一个简单汉字。此时,宜将此简单汉字视为一个构件。对已整理出的1129个方块苗文进行统计的结果表明,大部分苗文均可视为2构件型,仅个别左右型和上下型的苗文需当作3构件型处理。Figures 1-7 are schematic diagrams of a method for generating block Miao characters based on intelligent derivation. The structure of square Miaowen can be roughly divided into 4 types as shown in Figure 1: left and right type, up and down type, side enclosure type and internal and external type. Among them, the side circumference type can be divided into three types: left upper bag, left lower bag and right upper bag. According to the character-making principle and character-building method of square Miao characters, when a Miao character consists of 3 or more parts, some two or 3 parts can usually form a simple Chinese character. At this time, it is advisable to regard this simple Chinese character as a component. The statistical results of the 1129 square Miao scripts that have been sorted out show that most of the Miao scripts can be regarded as two-component type, and only a few left-right and up-down type Miao scripts need to be treated as three-component type.
方块苗文的构件可归为16类:左构件(cl)、右构件(cr)、上构件(cu)、下构件(cd)、左上外包构件(colu)、右下内含构件(cird)、左下外包构件(cold)、右上内含构件(ciru)、右上外包构件(coru)、左下内含构件(cild)、全外包构件(coa)、全内含构件(cia)、右左构件(crl)、右右构件(crr)、下左构件(cdl)和下右构件 (cdr)。如果用SG代表方块苗文,Ci代表构件字符(i=start,end,first,middle, final),则方块苗文的构成可用集合形式表示为SG={CstartCend}或 SG={CfirstCmiddleCfinal}。其中,Cstart={cl,cu,colu,cold,coru,coa},Cend={cr,cd,cird,ciru,cild,cia},Cfirst={cl,cu},Cmiddle={crl,cdl},Cfinal={crr,cdr}。The components of square Miao script can be classified into 16 categories: left component (c l ), right component (c r ), upper component (c u ), lower component (c d ), upper left outer component (c olu ), lower right inner component Containing components (c ird ), lower left outsourcing components (c old ), upper right containing components ( ciru ), upper right outsourcing components (c oru ), lower left containing components ( cild ), fully outsourcing components (c oa ), all Contains component (c ia ), right left component (c rl ), right right component (c rr ), lower left component (c dl ) and lower right component (c dr ). If represent square Miao characters with SG, C i represents component character (i=start, end, first, middle, final), then the composition of square Miao characters can be represented as SG={C start C end } or SG={ C first C middle C final }. Among them, C start = {c l , c u , c olu , c old , c oru , c oa }, C end = {c r , c d , c ird , c iru , c ild , c ia }, C first = {c l , c u }, C middle = {c rl , c dl }, C final = {c rr , c dr }.
一个方块苗文由2-3个构件构成。基于16类构件,可构造出识别方块苗文的确定有穷自动机DFA(Deterministic Finite Automata)。该DFA用五元组表示为M=(K,A,F,S,Z),其中:A square Miao script consists of 2-3 components. Based on the 16 types of components, a Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) for recognizing block Miao characters can be constructed. The DFA is expressed as M=(K, A, F, S, Z) with a quintuple, where:
1)K是状态有穷集,K={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};1) K is a finite set of states, K={0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
2)A是输入符号有穷集,A={cl,cu,colu,cold,coru,coa,cr,cd,cird, ciru,cild,cia,crl,cdl,crr,cdr};2) A is a finite set of input symbols, A={c l , c u , c olu , c old , c oru , c oa , c r , c d , c ird , c iru , c ild , c ia , c rl , c dl , c rr , c dr };
3)F是K×A→K上的映射集,F={f(0,cl)=1,f(0,cu)=2,f(0,colu)=3, f(0,cold)=4,f(0,coru)=5,f(0,coa)=6,f(1,crl)=7,f(1,cr)=9,f(2,cdl)=8,f(2,cu)=9, f(3,cird)=9,f(4,ciru)=9,f(5,cild)=9,f(6,cia)=9,f(7,crr)=9,f(8,cdr)=9};3) F is a mapping set on K×A→K, F={f(0,c l )=1, f(0,c u )=2, f(0,c olu )=3, f(0 ,c old )=4, f(0,c oru )=5, f(0,c oa )=6, f(1,c rl )=7, f(1,c r )=9, f(2 ,c dl )=8, f(2,c u )=9, f(3, cird )=9, f(4, ciru )=9, f(5, cild )=9, f(6 ,c ia )=9, f(7,c rr )=9, f(8,c dr )=9};
4)S∈K,是初态,取值唯一,S=0;4) S∈K is the initial state with unique value, S=0;
5)是终态集(终态也称为结束态、可接受态或可识别态),Z={9}。5) is the final state set (the final state is also called end state, acceptable state or identifiable state), Z={9}.
图2给出了该DFA的状态图表示。从图2中的初态0出发,到达终态 9(用双圆圈表示)的任意路径上的构件字符序列合成一个方块苗文。Figure 2 shows the state diagram representation of the DFA. Starting from the initial state 0 in Figure 2, the component character sequences on any path to the final state 9 (indicated by double circles) are synthesized into a square Hmong script.
本文将作为方块苗文构件使用的汉字、汉字部首及纯粹符号的字符称为原始构件,将方块苗文显示时的构成部分称为目标构件。目标构件由原始构件经拓扑变换得到。当一个苗文所包含的全部目标构件均已由原始构件变换得到时,这个方块苗文就可直接由这些目标构件组合得到。In this paper, the Chinese characters, Chinese radicals and pure symbol characters used as square Hmong script components are called original components, and the components displayed in square Hmong script are called target components. The target component is obtained from the original component through topology transformation. When all the target components contained in a Hmong script have been transformed from the original components, the square Miao script can be directly combined from these target components.
包围盒是一种能够正确反映复杂几何对象的位置和大小特性的简单且几何图形。为了简化构件变换操作,本文对苗文构件字符图像的处理转化为对其包围盒的处理。为此,给出苗文构件包围盒的定义如下:A bounding box is a simple and geometric figure that can correctly reflect the position and size characteristics of complex geometric objects. In order to simplify the component transformation operation, the processing of Hmong component character images in this paper is transformed into the processing of its bounding boxes. For this reason, the definition of the bounding box of the Miao component is given as follows:
定义1给定一个方块苗文字符网格,其宽和高分别为W和H。以网格左上角为原点,建立一个X轴向右、Y轴向下的直角坐标系。在此坐标系中,构件包围盒是由构件字符图像的左上顶点坐标(x,y)以及宽(w)和高 (h)共同决定的一个最小外接矩形(如图2所示),可表示为一个四元组B: B=(x,y,w,h)。其中,x∈(0,W),y∈(0,H),w∈(0,W-x),h∈(0,H-y);为了便于分析,根据拓扑不变性原理,将构件包围盒归一化处理为:本文中包围盒均指归一化包围盒。Definition 1 Given a square grid of Hmong characters, its width and height are W and H respectively. With the upper left corner of the grid as the origin, establish a Cartesian coordinate system with the X axis right and the Y axis down. In this coordinate system, the component bounding box is a minimum circumscribed rectangle determined by the upper left vertex coordinates (x, y) and the width (w) and height (h) of the component character image (as shown in Figure 2), which can represent is a quadruple B: B=(x,y,w,h). Among them, x ∈ (0, W), y ∈ (0, H), w ∈ (0, Wx), h ∈ (0, Hy); for the convenience of analysis, according to the principle of topology invariance, the component bounding box is normalized processed as: In this paper, the bounding box refers to the normalized bounding box.
方块苗文的生成过程可转换为构件包围盒的计算过程。该过程就是通过计算确定拓扑变换系数,将原始构件的标准包围盒逐步调整为目标构件包围盒的过程。The generation process of square Miaowen can be transformed into the calculation process of component bounding box. This process is the process of gradually adjusting the standard bounding box of the original component to the bounding box of the target component by calculating and determining the topological transformation coefficient.
给定包围盒B=(x,y,w,h)和B'=(x',y',w',h'),将B变换为B’的拓扑变换系数用式(1)计算:Given a bounding box B = (x, y, w, h) and B' = (x', y', w', h'), the topological transformation coefficient of transforming B into B' is calculated by formula (1):
因原始构件的标准包围盒信息可以直接从相应汉字字库中获取,故拓扑变换系数的确定问题就转化成目标构件包围盒的求解问题。Since the standard bounding box information of the original component can be obtained directly from the corresponding Chinese character font, the problem of determining the topological transformation coefficient is transformed into the problem of solving the bounding box of the target component.
求解目标构件包围盒就是计算目标构件在苗文中所处的位置和大小,涉及到居中、平铺和纵横比调整等变换操作。Solving the bounding box of the target component is to calculate the position and size of the target component in Miao text, which involves transformation operations such as centering, tiling, and aspect ratio adjustment.
1)居中1) centered
居中系指沿某个坐标轴方向将一个包围盒调整到另一个包围盒的中间位置。调整后包围盒的宽和高不变,仅左上顶点坐标发生变化。给定包围盒B1=(x1,y1,w1,h1)和B2=(x2,y2,w2,h2),将B1沿X轴方向、Y轴方向、同时沿X 轴和Y轴方向居中到B2中,三种情况下得到新包围盒B’1=(x’,y’,w1,h1)中的 x’和y’分别用式(2)、(3)、(4)计算:Centering refers to adjusting one bounding box to the middle position of another bounding box along a certain coordinate axis. After adjustment, the width and height of the bounding box remain unchanged, and only the coordinates of the upper left vertex change. Given bounding box B 1 =(x 1 ,y 1 ,w 1 ,h 1 ) and B 2 =(x 2 ,y 2 ,w 2 ,h 2 ), place B 1 along the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, At the same time, it is centered in B 2 along the X-axis and Y-axis direction, and the x' and y' in the new bounding box B' 1 = (x', y', w 1 , h 1 ) are obtained in the three cases respectively using the formula ( 2), (3), (4) calculation:
2)平铺2) Tile
平铺系指将一个包围盒沿某一坐标轴方向扩展或压缩到另外一个包围盒中。将上述包围盒B1沿X轴方向、Y轴方向,同时沿X轴和Y轴方向平铺到包围盒B2中,分别得到新包围盒B'=(x2,y1,w2,h1)、B'=(x1,y2,w1,h2)和 B'=(x2,y2,w2,h2)。Tiling refers to expanding or compressing a bounding box into another bounding box along a certain axis. The above bounding box B 1 is tiled into the bounding box B 2 along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the new bounding box B'=(x 2 ,y 1 ,w 2 , h 1 ), B'=(x 1 , y 2 , w 1 , h 2 ), and B'=(x 2 , y 2 , w 2 , h 2 ).
3)纵横比调整3) Aspect ratio adjustment
纵横比是反映构件在苗文中形状的重要参数。不同类型的构件进行纵横比调整的方法不同。设原构件包围盒为B=(x,y,w,h),按纵横比为r进行调整后得到的包围盒为B’。那么,对于左右型构件,保持高度不变,按式 (5)进行调整;对于上下型构件,保持宽度不变,按式(6)进行调整;对于外包构件或内含构件,高度和宽度都变化,如果h/w≤r,则按式(5)进行调整,否则,按式(6)进行调整。Aspect ratio is an important parameter to reflect the shape of components in Hmong. Different types of components have different methods for aspect ratio adjustment. Let the bounding box of the original component be B=(x, y, w, h), and the bounding box obtained after adjustment according to the aspect ratio r is B'. Then, for the left and right components, keep the height constant, and adjust according to formula (5); for the up and down components, keep the width constant, and adjust according to formula (6); Change, if h/w≤r, adjust according to formula (5), otherwise, adjust according to formula (6).
B’=(x,y,h/r,h) (5)B'=(x,y,h/r,h) (5)
B’=(x,y,w,w.r) (6)B'=(x,y,w,w.r) (6)
求解目标构件包围盒的关键是获取拓扑变换系数和包围盒的位置及大小数据。本文采用“结构+构件”形式的二叉树表示苗文生成的推导过程。推导树的非叶结点代表苗文结构,叶结点代表具体构件。利用二叉树的递归性,即可把树中各结点数据的求解分解到简单的子树中去求解。编码树是推导树的符号化描述。编码树中,将左右型、上下型、内外型,以及侧围型的左上包、左下包和右上包这7种苗文结构,分别用字母“Z”、“S”、“N”、“A”、“B”和“C”表示;将构件用其标准字符的Unicode编码表示。2构件型苗文的编码树为1级结构,分2层。3构件型苗文的编码树为2级结构,分3层。图1中字例C6和C8的编码分别为“S 5408Z76EE 76EE”和“B 51A0 5B50”。The key to solving the bounding box of the target component is to obtain the topological transformation coefficient and the position and size data of the bounding box. In this paper, the binary tree in the form of "structure + component" is used to represent the derivation process of Miaowen generation. The non-leaf nodes of the derivation tree represent the Miao structure, and the leaf nodes represent specific components. By using the recursion of the binary tree, the solution of each node data in the tree can be decomposed into simple subtrees for solution. A coding tree is a symbolic description of a derivation tree. In the coding tree, the seven Hmong structures of the left-right type, the up-down type, the inner-outer type, and the upper-left, lower-left, and upper-right structures of the side-wrapping type are respectively represented by the letters "Z", "S", "N", "A","B" and "C"represent; the components are represented by the Unicode encoding of their standard characters. The coding tree of the 2-component Miao language is a first-level structure, divided into two layers. The coding tree of the 3-component Miao language is a 2-level structure, divided into 3 layers. The codes of C 6 and C 8 in Figure 1 are "S 5408Z76EE 76EE" and "B 51A0 5B50" respectively.
苗文智能推导模型可按图4所示的3个层次进行结构设计。顶层为完成编码树分解工作的子模块;中间层为针对不同结构苗文进行结构推导的子模块,用于完成编码树中各结点拓扑变换系数的求解工作。底层为构件纵横比调整的子模块。考虑到推导过程的相似性,可将左右结构和上下结构归为纵横结构一类,将内外结构和3种侧围结构归为包含结构一类。因此,中间层只需针对纵横结构和包含结构设计两个结构推导子模块。The Miao Wen intelligent derivation model can be structured according to the three levels shown in Figure 4. The top layer is the sub-module that completes the coding tree decomposition work; the middle layer is the sub-module that deduces the structure for different structures of Hmong texts, and is used to solve the topological transformation coefficient of each node in the coding tree. The bottom layer is a sub-module for component aspect ratio adjustment. Considering the similarity of the derivation process, the left-right structure and the up-down structure can be classified as vertical and horizontal structures, and the internal and external structures and the three side structures can be classified as inclusion structures. Therefore, the middle layer only needs to design two structure derivation sub-modules for the vertical and horizontal structure and the containment structure.
顶层子模块首先按深度优先后序遍历整棵编码树,将编码树依次分解为多个子树。每分解出一棵子树,就将该子树交给相应的结构推导子模块求解,并用求解结果代替这棵子树。如此循环,直到所有子树求解完毕。The top-level submodule first traverses the entire coding tree in depth-first order, and decomposes the coding tree into multiple subtrees in turn. Every time a subtree is decomposed, the subtree is handed over to the corresponding structure derivation submodule for solution, and the solution result is used to replace the subtree. This loop continues until all subtrees are solved.
顶层子模块的算法设计如下:The algorithm design of the top-level sub-module is as follows:
1)根据苗文所含构件的Unicode编码序列及苗文结构类型,建立相应的苗文生成编码树。1) According to the Unicode coding sequence of the components contained in the Hmong script and the structure type of the Hmong script, the corresponding Hmong script generated coding tree is established.
2)对编码树进行深度优先的先根遍历,得到苗文的生成编码序列。2) Perform depth-first root-first traversal on the coding tree to obtain the generated coding sequence of Hmong.
3)分析生成编码序列,按照图5所示流程,调用相应的结构推导子模块,推导出苗文所包含全部构件的变换参数。3) Analyze and generate the coding sequence, call the corresponding structure derivation sub-module according to the process shown in Figure 5, and deduce the transformation parameters of all the components contained in the Hmong script.
4)根据获得的构件变换参数,将原始构件变换成苗文中的目标构件。4) According to the obtained component transformation parameters, transform the original component into the target component in Miao text.
纵横结构苗文的构件,在苗文中显现的形状不仅与其在苗文中出现的次序有关,也与其本身的大小有关。构件所占的比重同原始构件大小成正比。2构件型苗文构件的包围盒,直接取原始构件的标准包围盒。3构件型苗文构件的包围盒,是对生成树进行深度优先遍历得到的结果。各个构件的包围盒相关信息均保存在构件位置信息库中。该库具体包含有构件名、构件类型、结构名、位置数、各位置的最大包围盒列表等数据。求解时,直接从该库中取出相关数据作用于各个构件上,即可获得相应构件的最大包围盒。The components of the vertical and horizontal structures in Miao scripts, the shapes that appear in Miao scripts are not only related to the order in which they appear in Miao scripts, but also related to their size. The proportion of the component is proportional to the size of the original component. The bounding box of the 2-component Hmong component is directly taken from the standard bounding box of the original component. The bounding box of the 3-component Hmong component is the result of depth-first traversal of the spanning tree. The relevant information of the bounding box of each component is stored in the component position information database. The library specifically contains data such as component name, component type, structure name, number of positions, and list of maximum bounding boxes for each position. When solving, directly take relevant data from the library and act on each component to obtain the maximum bounding box of the corresponding component.
纵横结构推导子模块的算法设计如下:The algorithm design of the vertical and horizontal structure derivation sub-module is as follows:
1)根据各构件的标准包围盒,确定其在整个苗文结构中的比重,并根据其在苗文结构中出现的次序,确定其最大可能包围盒。1) According to the standard bounding box of each component, determine its proportion in the entire Hmong structure, and determine its maximum possible bounding box according to the order in which it appears in the Hmong structure.
2)对于左右结构,按式(2)将各个构件沿X轴方向居中到苗文结构的最大包围盒中;对于上下结构,按式(3)将各个构件沿Y轴方向居中到苗文的最大包围盒中。2) For the left and right structures, center each component along the X-axis direction to the largest bounding box of the Miao structure according to formula (2); for the upper and lower structures, center each component along the Y-axis direction to the maximum bounding box of the Miao structure in the largest bounding box.
3)调用纵横比调整子模块调整各构件的纵横比,得到各构件在苗文中的包围盒。3) Call the aspect ratio adjustment sub-module to adjust the aspect ratio of each component to obtain the bounding box of each component in Hmong.
4)利用式(1)计算各构件的变换系数。4) Use formula (1) to calculate the conversion coefficient of each component.
包含结构苗文的共同特征是,由外包构件充当框架,内含构件嵌入到这个框架中,各构件的最大可能包围盒由外包构件决定。各个构件的包围盒相关信息亦保存在构件位置信息库中。求解时,直接从该库中取出相关数据作用于各个构件上,即可获得相应构件的最大包围盒。The common feature of contained structure Miaowen is that the outsourcing component acts as a frame, the inner component is embedded in this frame, and the largest possible bounding box of each component is determined by the outsourcing component. The relevant information of the bounding box of each component is also stored in the component location information database. When solving, directly take relevant data from the library and act on each component to obtain the maximum bounding box of the corresponding component.
包含结构推导子模块的推导算法设计如下:The derivation algorithm including the structure derivation sub-module is designed as follows:
1)取外包构件的最大包围盒作为其在苗文中的实际包围盒。1) Take the largest bounding box of the outsourcing component as its actual bounding box in Hmong.
2)调用纵横比调整子模块,将内含构件的标准包围盒调整为其在苗文中的最大包围盒的大小。2) Call the aspect ratio adjustment submodule to adjust the standard bounding box containing the components to the size of the largest bounding box in Hmong.
3)将调整后内含构件包围盒同时沿X轴和Y轴方向平铺到外包构件的最大包围盒中,得到其在苗文中的实际包围盒。3) Flatten the adjusted bounding box of the inner component into the largest bounding box of the outer component along the X-axis and Y-axis to obtain its actual bounding box in Hmong.
4)利用式(1)计算出各构件的变换系数。4) Use formula (1) to calculate the transformation coefficient of each component.
苗文智能推导时,各结构推导子模块需调用纵横比调整子模块,根据从构件纵横比信息库中读取的相关数据,按不同的调整方式对构件进行调整。构件纵横比信息库包含了构件名、构件类型、结构名、构件出现次数,以及纵横比的最小值、最大值、平均值、方差等数据。During intelligent derivation in Miao language, each structure derivation sub-module needs to call the aspect ratio adjustment sub-module, and adjust the components according to different adjustment methods according to the relevant data read from the component aspect ratio information database. The component aspect ratio information database contains component name, component type, structure name, component occurrence times, and the minimum value, maximum value, average value, variance and other data of the aspect ratio.
纵横比调整子模块的算法设计如下:The algorithm design of the aspect ratio adjustment sub-module is as follows:
1)对纵横结构的构件,检查其纵横比值是否位于最小值和最大值之间。若是,则保持当前纵横比不变;否则,按式(5)将左右型构件的调整纵横比为平均值,按式(6)将上下型构件的纵横比调整为平均值。1) For components with vertical and horizontal structures, check whether the aspect ratio is between the minimum value and the maximum value. If so, keep the current aspect ratio unchanged; otherwise, adjust the aspect ratio of the left and right components to the average value according to formula (5), and adjust the aspect ratio of the up and down components to the average value according to formula (6).
2)对包含结构的构件,将其纵横比与平均值进行比较。若等于,则保持当前纵横比不变;若大于,则按式(6)将纵横比调整到平均值;若小于,则按式(5)将纵横比调整到平均值。2) For components containing structures, compare their aspect ratios to the average. If it is equal, keep the current aspect ratio unchanged; if it is greater than, adjust the aspect ratio to the average value according to formula (6); if it is less than, then adjust the aspect ratio to the average value according to formula (5).
基于上述算法,苗文的生成求解过程可分解为从编码树叶结点开始的一系列一级结构的字符生成求解。下面以苗文C6为例来说明苗文生成的智能推导求解过程,据图6,苗文C6的构件变换系数求解步骤描述如下:Based on the above algorithm, the generation and solving process of Miao characters can be decomposed into a series of character generation and solving of the first-level structure starting from the coding leaf node. The following uses Miaowen C6 as an example to illustrate the intelligent derivation and solution process generated by Miaowen. According to Figure 6, the steps to solve the component transformation coefficient of Miaowen C6 are described as follows:
1)确定结构级数。C6有2级结构:顶级结构为“S”,末级结构为“Z”。1) Determine the structural progression. C 6 has 2 levels of structure: "S" for the top level structure and "Z" for the last level structure.
2)将末级结构分离出来,当作一个伪苗文求解,如图7(a)所示。此时的生成编码序列为“Z 76EE 76EE”。利用纵横结构推导子模块,求出两个子构件“76EE”和“76EE”在伪苗文中的包围盒。2) Separate the final structure and solve it as a pseudo-Miao text, as shown in Figure 7(a). The generated code sequence at this time is "Z 76EE 76EE". Use the vertical and horizontal structure to deduce the sub-modules, and find the bounding boxes of the two sub-components "76EE" and "76EE" in the pseudo-Miao script.
3)将伪苗文(表示为“#1”)视为一个构件,并入上一级结构中,如图7(b) 所示。此时,的生成编码序列为“S 5408#1”。利用纵横结构推导子模块,求出两个构件“5408”和“#1”作为C6中目标构件显现的包围盒。3) Treat the pseudo-Miao language (represented as "#1") as a component and incorporate it into the upper-level structure, as shown in Figure 7(b). At this time, the generated coding sequence is "S 5408#1". Using the vertical and horizontal structure derivation sub-module, find the two components "5408" and "#1" as the bounding box of the target component in C 6 .
4)根据式(1),计算苗文各构件的拓扑变换系数。4) According to formula (1), calculate the topological transformation coefficient of each component in Miao script.
5)将各构件按上述拓扑变换系数进行变换得到相应的目标构件,将这些目标组合到一起,得到苗文字符C6。5) Transform each component according to the above-mentioned topological transformation coefficient to obtain the corresponding target component, and combine these targets together to obtain the Hmong character C 6 .
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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